spinal muscular atrophies of childhood

Summary

Summary: A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Determination of SMN1 and SMN2 copy number using TaqMan technology
    Dirk Anhuf
    Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
    Hum Mutat 22:74-8. 2003
  2. ncbi Molecular analysis of spinal muscular atrophy and modification of the phenotype by SMN2
    Matthew D Mailman
    Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
    Genet Med 4:20-6. 2002
  3. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy
    Mitchell R Lunn
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Lancet 371:2120-33. 2008
  4. ncbi A collaborative study on the natural history of childhood and juvenile onset proximal spinal muscular atrophy (type II and III SMA): 569 patients
    K Zerres
    Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
    J Neurol Sci 146:67-72. 1997
  5. ncbi Genotype-phenotype studies in infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I in Germany: implications for clinical trials and genetic counselling
    S Rudnik-Schoneborn
    Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
    Clin Genet 76:168-78. 2009
  6. ncbi Homozygous SMN1 deletions in unaffected family members and modification of the phenotype by SMN2
    Thomas W Prior
    Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Am J Med Genet A 130:307-10. 2004
  7. ncbi Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene
    S Lefebvre
    Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l Enfant, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut Necker, Hopital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France
    Cell 80:155-65. 1995
  8. ncbi Valproic acid increases SMN levels in spinal muscular atrophy patient cells
    Charlotte J Sumner
    Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Diseases and Stroke NIH, Building 10, Room 3B 14, MSC 1250, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Ann Neurol 54:647-54. 2003
  9. ncbi Prenatal prediction of childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Turkish families
    S Savas
    Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
    Prenat Diagn 22:703-9. 2002
  10. ncbi Perspectives on clinical trials in spinal muscular atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda
    Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
    J Child Neurol 22:957-66. 2007

Research Grants

  1. CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PEDIATRIC SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY
    Susan Iannaccone; Fiscal Year: 2002
  2. CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PEDIATRIC SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY
    Susan Iannaccone; Fiscal Year: 2005
  3. Role of metallothioneins in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Alcohol-induced epigenetic changes in the liver genome
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Regulation of the survival motor neuron gene
    CHARLOTTE SUMNER; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. Phase III Trial of Minocycline in ALS-II Data Center
    Robert Miller; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2010
  10. Muscle and neuromuscular junctions in spinal muscular atrophy
    CHARLOTTE JANE SUMNER; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications137 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Determination of SMN1 and SMN2 copy number using TaqMan technology
    Dirk Anhuf
    Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
    Hum Mutat 22:74-8. 2003
    ..Therefore, determination of SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers should only be offered after careful consideration in each case...
  2. ncbi Molecular analysis of spinal muscular atrophy and modification of the phenotype by SMN2
    Matthew D Mailman
    Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
    Genet Med 4:20-6. 2002
    ..A novel allele-specific intragenic mutation panel increases the sensitivity of SMN1 testing...
  3. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy
    Mitchell R Lunn
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Lancet 371:2120-33. 2008
    ..In this Seminar, we provide a comprehensive review that integrates clinical manifestations, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic strategy, therapeutic development, and evidence from clinical trials...
  4. ncbi A collaborative study on the natural history of childhood and juvenile onset proximal spinal muscular atrophy (type II and III SMA): 569 patients
    K Zerres
    Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
    J Neurol Sci 146:67-72. 1997
    ..The data provide a reliable basis of the natural history of proximal SMA and support a classification system that is based primarily on age at onset and the achievement of motor milestones...
  5. ncbi Genotype-phenotype studies in infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I in Germany: implications for clinical trials and genetic counselling
    S Rudnik-Schoneborn
    Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
    Clin Genet 76:168-78. 2009
    ....
  6. ncbi Homozygous SMN1 deletions in unaffected family members and modification of the phenotype by SMN2
    Thomas W Prior
    Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Am J Med Genet A 130:307-10. 2004
    ..Lastly, in cases similar to the ones described, the measurement of the SMN2 gene copy number may provide valuable prognostic information...
  7. ncbi Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene
    S Lefebvre
    Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l Enfant, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut Necker, Hopital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France
    Cell 80:155-65. 1995
    ..These data suggest that this gene, termed the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, is an SMA-determining gene...
  8. ncbi Valproic acid increases SMN levels in spinal muscular atrophy patient cells
    Charlotte J Sumner
    Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Diseases and Stroke NIH, Building 10, Room 3B 14, MSC 1250, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Ann Neurol 54:647-54. 2003
    ..Valproic acid may increase SMN levels both by activating the SMN promoter and by preventing exon 7 skipping in SMN transcripts. Valproic acid and related compounds warrant further investigation as potential treatment for SMA...
  9. ncbi Prenatal prediction of childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Turkish families
    S Savas
    Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
    Prenat Diagn 22:703-9. 2002
    ....
  10. ncbi Perspectives on clinical trials in spinal muscular atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda
    Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
    J Child Neurol 22:957-66. 2007
    ..Following is an overview of the challenges and opportunities, current and future therapeutic strategies, and progress to date in clinical trials in spinal muscular atrophy...
  11. ncbi Genetic diagnosis of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease: a problem for application to prenatal diagnosis
    Makoto Migita
    Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
    J Nippon Med Sch 70:45-8. 2003
    ..Therefore, this method should be applied with great care to prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villi, which may be contaminated with maternal tissue...
  12. ncbi Aclarubicin treatment restores SMN levels to cells derived from type I spinal muscular atrophy patients
    C Andreassi
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    Hum Mol Genet 10:2841-9. 2001
    ....
  13. ncbi The use of mechanical ventilation is appropriate in children with genetically proven spinal muscular atrophy type 1: the motion for
    John R Bach
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
    Paediatr Respir Rev 9:45-50; quiz 50; discussion 55-6. 2008
    ..In conclusion, both non-invasive aids and tracheostomy can prolong survival for SMA 1 patients, and it should be left up to the family to decide which, if either, they would like to use...
  14. ncbi The use of invasive ventilation is appropriate in children with genetically proven spinal muscular atrophy type 1: the motion against
    Monique M Ryan
    Neurosciences Department, Royal Children s Hospital and Murdoch Children s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
    Paediatr Respir Rev 9:51-4; discussion 55-6. 2008
    ..Prolongation of life by invasive ventilation in such cases is futile given the absence of curative treatments for infants with SMA1, and overly burdensome given the unacceptable quality of life of such children...
  15. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 quality of life
    John R Bach
    Department of Neuroscience, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07103, USA
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil 82:137-42. 2003
    ..80 +/- 1.75 controls, 5.27 +/- 1.14, < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a widespread perception that spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children have a poor quality of life, this perception is not shared by their care providers...
  16. ncbi Deletion analyses of SMN1 and NAIP genes in Malaysian spinal muscular atrophy patients
    Mohd S Watihayati
    Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Braru, Malaysia
    Pediatr Int 49:11-4. 2007
    ..In Malaysia, it remains to be elucidated whether deletion of the SMN1 gene is also a main cause of SMA or whether deletion of the NAIP gene is found in the SMA patients...
  17. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy: survival pattern and functional status
    Brian H Y Chung
    Division of Neurodevelopmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Pediatrics 114:e548-53. 2004
    ..The objective of this study was to assess the survival pattern, ambulatory status, and functional status of children with SMA...
  18. ncbi An 11 base pair duplication in exon 6 of the SMN gene produces a type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) phenotype: further evidence for SMN as the primary SMA-determining gene
    D W Parsons
    Department of Pathology, College of Biological Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, USA
    Hum Mol Genet 5:1727-32. 1996
    ..This mutation provides strong support for SMN as the SMA-determining gene and indicates that disruption of SMNT on its own is sufficient to produce a severe type I SMA phenotype...
  19. ncbi Descriptive epidemiology of spinal muscular atrophy type I in Estonia
    Eve Vaidla
    Department of Paediatrics, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
    Neuroepidemiology 27:164-8. 2006
    ..Only one of the patients was female. Typical SMN1 gene deletion was found in all cases...
  20. ncbi Duplex PCR for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of spinal muscular atrophy
    Celine Moutou
    Service de Biologie de la Reproduction SIHCUS CMCO, CHU de Strasbourg, Schiltigheim Cedex, France
    Prenat Diagn 23:685-9. 2003
    ..Such a test was used to perform 1 PGD cycle for which 7 embryos could be analysed. All the embryos were fully diagnosed, six as unaffected and one as affected. Four embryos were transferred, but no pregnancy ensued...
  21. ncbi [Identification of T274I mutation in the SMN1 gene in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy]
    Maria Jedrzejowska
    Zespol Badawczo Leczniczy Chorob Nerwowo Miesniowych, Instytut Medycyny Doswiadczalnej i Klinicznej, Banacha 1a, 02 097 Warszawa, Poland
    Med Wieku Rozwoj 6:319-27. 2002
    ..All patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for SMA, as defined by the International SMA Consortium, without deletion of exon SMN1 gene, should be analysed using direct sequencing...
  22. ncbi A simple method for diagnosis of autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography
    Rosalucia Mazzei
    Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Piano Lago di Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
    J Child Neurol 18:269-71. 2003
    ..In this study, we describe a new method to detect SMN gene deletion by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, which is also simple to perform but is faster and more specific...
  23. ncbi Kennedy's disease phenotype with positive genetic study for Kugelberg-Welander's disease: case report
    Ana P Trentin
    Department of Internal Medicine, Neuromuscular Service, Clinical Hospital, Universidade Federal do Paran, Curitiba PR, Brazil
    Arq Neuropsiquiatr 63:330-1. 2005
    ..However, a genetic study performed later was found to be negative for this disease and was positive for Kugelberg-Welander's disease, with deletion of the exons 7 and 8 in the "survival of motor neuron" gene...
  24. ncbi [Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) -- indications, restrictions, interpretation of results]
    Maria Jedrzejowska
    , Polska Akademia Nauk, , 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
    Med Wieku Rozwoj 8:651-61. 2004
    ..The negative result should he then interpreted individually. Until the carrier test will not he introduced to routine procedures. prenatal diagnosis can be also offered to families at relatively low risk of SMA...
  25. ncbi Classical infantile spinal muscular atrophy with SMN deficiency causes sensory neuronopathy
    S Rudnik-Schoneborn
    Institute for Human Genetics, University of Technology Aachen, Germany
    Neurology 60:983-7. 2003
    ..Other organ malformations or peripheral nerve involvement have been regarded as exclusion criteria for infantile SMA. Whether SMN protein deficiency can also lead to loss of sensory neurons has not been systematically addressed...
  26. ncbi [Type I spinal atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman disease). Case report]
    Miguel Angel Collado Ortiz
    Neurofisiologia Clinica, The American British Cowdray Medical Center
    Cir Cir 75:119-22. 2007
    ..We report a case of type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease...
  27. ncbi SMN1 deletions among singaporean patients with spinal muscular atrophy
    A H M Lai
    Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women s and Children s Hospital, Singapore
    Ann Acad Med Singapore 34:73-7. 2005
    ..The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of SMN1 deletions in patients with known SMA and the impact of this on the diagnosis of SMA...
  28. ncbi A clinical and genetic study of spinal muscular atrophy
    V N Mishra
    Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow
    Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 44:307-12. 2004
    ..This study evaluates clinical, electromyography (EMG) and genetic analysis of consecutive patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in a tertiary care adult neurology practice in India...
  29. ncbi [Proximal autosomal recessive types of spinal muscular atrophy]
    O V Kolokolov
    Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 103:66-8. 2003
    ..Pronounced clinical polymorphism and genetic heterogeneity of the disease were revealed...
  30. ncbi Coinheritance of mutated SMN1 and MECP2 genes in a child with phenotypic features of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type II and Rett syndrome
    S Voutoufianakis
    Pediatric Department of Venizelion General Hospital Iraklion, Crete, Greece
    Eur J Paediatr Neurol 11:235-9. 2007
    ..Thorough clinical evaluation in combination with DNA analysis, allowed accurate diagnosis, providing valuable information for the genetic counseling of the family...
  31. ncbi A novel mutation at the N-terminal of SMN Tudor domain inhibits its interaction with target proteins
    Tomohiro Kotani
    Dept of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7 5 1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo Ku, Kobe, 650 0017, Japan
    J Neurol 254:624-30. 2007
    ..In conclusion, we reported here that a novel mutation, W92S, in the Tudor domain affects the interaction of SMN with the target proteins...
  32. ncbi A feasibility study for the newborn screening of spinal muscular atrophy
    Robert E Pyatt
    Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Genet Med 8:428-37. 2006
    ..This will require the adoption of techniques for the genetic analysis of affected individuals at the newborn stage. Our objective was to examine the feasibility surrounding the newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy...
  33. ncbi Detection of novel mutations in the SMN Tudor domain in type I SMA patients
    I Cuscó
    Department of Genetics, University Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
    Neurology 63:146-9. 2004
    ..The remaining two patients showed no alterations in the SMN1 coding sequences although a transcription defect was detected in one of them, corroborating the existence of non-functional SMN1 genes...
  34. ncbi Two independent mutations of the SMN1 gene in the same spinal muscular atrophy family branch: lessons for carrier diagnosis
    María Jesús Barceló
    Department of Genetics and Research Institute, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
    Genet Med 8:259-62. 2006
    ..We present the results of carrier studies in 33 relatives of the paternal branch of a spinal muscular atrophy patient with homozygous absence of the SMN1 gene...
  35. ncbi The Hammersmith functional score correlates with the SMN2 copy number: a multicentric study
    F D Tiziano
    Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
    Neuromuscul Disord 17:400-3. 2007
    ..Our results showed a relative variability of functional scores, but a significant correlation between the number of SMN2 genes and the level of function...
  36. ncbi Determination of SMN1/SMN2 gene dosage by a quantitative genotyping platform combining capillary electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
    Hung Yi Kao
    Institute of Chemistry, and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
    Clin Chem 52:361-9. 2006
    ....
  37. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy
    Susan T Iannaccone
    Division of Neuromuscular Disease and Neurorehabilitation, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
    Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 4:74-80. 2004
    ..Rehabilitation and proper management of medical complications have improved both the quality and duration of life for children with spinal muscular atrophy...
  38. ncbi Evidence of reduced frequency of spinal muscular atrophy type I in the Cuban population
    T Zaldivar
    Cuban Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba
    Neurology 65:636-8. 2005
    ..89 per 100,000 for blacks, and 0.96 per 100,000 for those of mixed ethnicity. Type 1 SMA may occur less frequently in individuals of African ancestry...
  39. ncbi Regular exercise prolongs survival in a type 2 spinal muscular atrophy model mouse
    Clément Grondard
    Universite Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints Peres, F 75270 Paris, France
    J Neurosci 25:7615-22. 2005
    ..These data provide the first evidence for the beneficial effect of exercise in SMA and might lead to important therapeutic developments for human SMA patients...
  40. ncbi Molecular analysis of SMN1 and NAIP genes in Egyptian patients with spinal muscular atrophy
    M L Essawi
    Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
    Bratisl Lek Listy 108:133-7. 2007
    ..The aim of this study is to provide preliminary molecular data on spinal muscular atrophy in Egyptian patients thus facilitating a rapid and conventional molecular assay for accurate diagnosis of SMA...
  41. ncbi [Neurological phenocopying]
    J M Pascual
    Departamentos de Neurologia, Fisiología y Pediatría, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 8813, USA
    Rev Neurol 43:753-7. 2006
    ....
  42. ncbi Spectrum of floppy children in Indian scenario
    T Dua
    Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
    Indian Pediatr 38:1236-43. 2001
    ..97% cases. Exon7 of SMNT gene was deleted in only 50% of SMA cases. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal muscular atrophy was the commonest cause of floppy children. The low rate of SMNT gene deletion detected needs confirmation with further studies...
  43. ncbi Survival in SMA type I: a prospective analysis of 34 consecutive cases
    J M Cobben
    Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Neuromuscul Disord 18:541-4. 2008
    ..All deceased children died of respiratory insufficiency and/or an intercurrent lung infection, indicating that the susceptibility of the child with SMA type I to respiratory infections plays an important role in determining the survival...
  44. ncbi Pathogenesis of proximal autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy
    Goran Simic
    Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
    Acta Neuropathol 116:223-34. 2008
    ....
  45. ncbi Rapid prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography system
    Sheng Wen Shaw
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 87:960-8. 2008
    ..Use of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) in prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)...
  46. ncbi Acute onset of infantile spinal muscular atrophy
    S Ravid
    Division of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
    Pediatr Neurol 24:371-2. 2001
    ..This diagnosis should be considered in every child under 1 year of age who presents with acute weakness because Guillain-Barré syndrome in this age group is rare...
  47. ncbi Nuclear gems and Cajal (coiled) bodies in fetal tissues: nucleolar distribution of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN
    P J Young
    MRIC Biochemistry Group, North East Wales Institute, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
    Exp Cell Res 265:252-61. 2001
    ..These unusual features of motor neurons may relate to their special sensitivity to reduced SMN levels in SMA patients...
  48. ncbi Death of motoneurons induced by trophic deprivation or by excitotoxicity is not prevented by overexpression of SMN
    C Cisterni
    INSERM U.382, CNRS-INSERM-Univ. Mediterranee-AP, Marseille, France
    Neurobiol Dis 8:240-51. 2001
    ....
  49. ncbi Correlation between genotype and phenotype in Korean patients with spinal muscular atrophy
    K Cho
    Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
    Mol Cells 11:21-7. 2001
    ..In the study of one hundred normal newborns, two physically normal newborns showed deletion of the centromeric SMN gene, suggesting frequent rearrangement in the locus...
  50. ncbi Molecular analysis of SMN, NAIP and P44 genes of SMA patients and their families
    C H Tsai
    Department of Medical Research, China Medical College Hospital, 2 Yuh Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan
    J Neurol Sci 190:35-40. 2001
    ..We also found two novel point mutations, an A insertion at codon 8 (AGT-->AAGT) and an A substitution at codon 228 (TTA-->TAA)...
  51. ncbi Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives as SMN2 promoter activators for the potential treatment of spinal muscular atrophy
    John Thurmond
    deCODE Chemistry Inc, Woodridge, IL 60517, USA
    J Med Chem 51:449-69. 2008
    ..The compound restored gems numbers in type I SMA patient fibroblasts to levels near unaffected genetic carriers of SMA...
  52. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophies
    Susan T Iannaccone
    Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75219, USA
    Adv Neurol 88:83-98. 2002
  53. ncbi Clinical trials in spinal muscular atrophy
    Basil T Darras
    Department of Neurology, Children s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Curr Opin Pediatr 19:675-9. 2007
    ..Disease severity is modified by the number of centromeric copies of the gene (SMN2) and the quantity of survival motor neuron protein. This has given rise to a number of treatment strategies...
  54. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital fractures: postmortem analysis
    Ronald van Toorn
    Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
    J Child Neurol 17:721-3. 2002
    ..At autopsy, extensive anterior horn cell loss was present. There was extensive disease of skeletal muscle with relative sparing of the diaphragm. This patient represents a further case of this rare and fatal disease...
  55. ncbi Severe spinal muscular atrophy variant associated with congenital bone fractures
    Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
    Department of Neonatology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
    J Child Neurol 17:718-21. 2002
    ..We present clinical, molecular, and autopsy findings of a newborn boy presenting with generalized muscular atrophy in combination with congenital bone fractures and extremely thin ribs but without contractures...
  56. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy diagnostics
    Thomas W Prior
    Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    J Child Neurol 22:952-6. 2007
    ..Finally, although SMN2 produces less full-length transcript than SMN1, the number of SMN2 copies modulates the phenotype...
  57. ncbi Prenatal diagnosis for risk of spinal muscular atrophy
    I Cuscó
    Genetics and Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
    BJOG 109:1244-9. 2002
    ....
  58. ncbi Involvement of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein in cell death
    Sheela Vyas
    INSERM U497, 46 rue d Ulm, Paris 75005, France
    Hum Mol Genet 11:2751-64. 2002
    ..Thus, our results show that the C-terminal region is critical in suppression of apoptosis by SMN...
  59. ncbi Molecular mechanisms of spinal muscular atrophy
    Charlotte J Sumner
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
    J Child Neurol 22:979-89. 2007
    ..Histone deacetylase inhibitors will be discussed as an example...
  60. ncbi Assessment of liquid microbead arrays for the screening of newborns for spinal muscular atrophy
    Robert E Pyatt
    Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    Clin Chem 53:1879-85. 2007
    ..We sought to validate liquid microbead arrays for the identification of affected individuals by direct DNA analysis...
  61. ncbi Spinal muscular atrophy: recent advances and future prospects
    Sophie Nicole
    Molecular Neurogenetics Laboratory, , , E.9913, Genopole, , CP 5724, 91057 Evry, France
    Muscle Nerve 26:4-13. 2002
    ..These are starting points towards understanding the pathophysiology of SMA and developing therapeutic strategies for this devastating neurodegenerative disease, for which no curative treatment is known so far...
  62. ncbi Clinical and genetic study of spinal muscular atrophies in Oman
    Roshan Koul
    Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Alkhoud, Muscat, Oman
    J Child Neurol 22:1227-30. 2007
    ..Survival motor neuron deletion was seen in 70% of cases of all types of spinal muscular atrophy. The deletion was 83% in spinal muscular atrophy type I. A further study to look into the nondeletional cases is in progress...
  63. ncbi Dexmedetomidine for awake fiberoptic intubation in a parturient with spinal muscular atrophy type III for cesarean delivery
    M M Neumann
    Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Suite 2532, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
    Int J Obstet Anesth 18:403-7. 2009
    ..Dexmedetomidine alone provided adequate sedation for awake intubation without respiratory compromise in this patient...
  64. ncbi Contractures of the upper extremities in spinal muscular atrophy type II. Descriptive clinical study with retrospective data collection
    Albert Fujak
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Germany
    Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 12:410-9. 2010
    ..This study deals with restrictions of the passive range of motion and the development of contractures in the joints of the upper extremities in these patients...
  65. ncbi Outcome of goal-directed non-invasive ventilation and mechanical insufflation/exsufflation in spinal muscular atrophy type I
    M Chatwin
    Sleep and Ventilation Unit, Clinical and Academic Department of Sleep and Breathing, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, UK
    Arch Dis Child 96:426-32. 2011
    ..There are widely discrepant views on the respiratory management of infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I. Typically, management is palliative...
  66. ncbi The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND): test development and reliability
    A M Glanzman
    Department of Physical Therapy, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Neuromuscul Disord 20:155-61. 2010
    ..The CHOP INTEND is a reliable measure of motor skills in patients with SMA-I and neuromuscular disorders presenting in infancy...
  67. ncbi Respiratory muscle training in neuromuscular disease: long-term effects on strength and load perception
    D Gozal
    Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
    Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:1522-7. 1999
    ..Deterioration of respiratory muscle function in patients with neuromuscular disorders is primarily responsible for the high morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases...
  68. ncbi A transgene carrying an A2G missense mutation in the SMN gene modulates phenotypic severity in mice with severe (type I) spinal muscular atrophy
    Umrao R Monani
    Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    J Cell Biol 160:41-52. 2003
    ..Our mild SMA mice will be useful in (a) determining the effect of missense mutations in vivo and in motor neurons and (b) testing potential therapies in SMA...
  69. ncbi Noninvasive treatment strategy for swallowing problems related to prolonged nonoral feeding in spinal muscular atrophy type II
    Tae Hyun Cha
    Department of Occupational Therapy, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Gangnam Gu, Seoul, 135 720, Republic of Korea
    Dysphagia 25:261-4. 2010
    ..These findings suggest that noninvasive treatment is a possible strategy for enhancing the swallowing function of a patient with SMA type II presenting with swallowing difficulties related to prolonged nonoral feeding...
  70. ncbi A comparison of gait in spinal muscular atrophy, type II and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    Stéphane Armand
    Laboratoire d Automatique, de Mécanique et d Informatique industrielles et Humaines, Universite de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambresis, Le Mont Houy, 59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9, France
    Gait Posture 21:369-78. 2005
    ..Management of SMA II patients would include preservation of hip abductor and flexor strength to maintain mobility...
  71. ncbi Defective neuromuscular junction organization and postnatal myogenesis in mice with severe spinal muscular atrophy
    Elisabet Dachs
    Unitat de Neurobiologia Cellular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70:444-61. 2011
    ..These findings raise questions regarding the primary contribution of a muscle cell defect to the SMA phenotype...
  72. ncbi [Diagnostic trap and difficulties of genetic counseling in a family with neuromuscular disease carriers]
    G Lesca
    Service de Genetique, Hotel Dieu, 1, Place de l Hopital, 69288 Lyon, France
    Arch Pediatr 8:957-60. 2001
    ..Recent advances in the field of molecular genetics have provided useful tools for the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Genetic counselling for many of these conditions may, however, be fraught with difficulties...
  73. ncbi Anaesthesia for caesarean section in spinal muscular atrophy type III
    L McLoughlin
    Department of Anaesthesia, Essex Rivers Healthcare Trust, Colchester General Hospital, Colchester, UK
    Int J Obstet Anesth 13:192-5. 2004
    ..We review the available literature and discuss the potential anaesthetic problems in the management of obstetric patients with this degenerative neuromuscular disorder...
  74. ncbi Neurogenic muscle hypertrophy in type III spinal muscular atrophy
    Jeeyoung Oh
    Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
    J Neurol Sci 308:147-8. 2011
    ..A mutation in SMN1 was found in a genetic analysis. This is the first report of neurogenic muscle hypertrophy seen in genetically confirmed spinal muscular atrophy III...
  75. ncbi Body composition determined with MR in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and normal subjects
    A Leroy-Willig
    Association Francaise contre les Myopathies, Evry, France
    Magn Reson Imaging 15:737-44. 1997
    ..Shorter protocols validated from whole-body data were shown to be more accurate than fat mass estimation derived from anthropometric measurements...
  76. ncbi Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy
    Ashraf S Habib
    Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Women s Anesthesia, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    J Clin Anesth 16:217-9. 2004
    ..We used propofol and alfentanil for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia. We did not use any muscle relaxants intraoperatively. Postoperative care was provided in the intensive care unit. The patient made a good recovery...
  77. ncbi Osteoclast-stimulating factor interacts with the spinal muscular atrophy gene product to stimulate osteoclast formation
    N Kurihara
    Department of Medicine Hematology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
    J Biol Chem 276:41035-9. 2001
    ..OSF-SMN interaction may provide more insights into novel cellular signaling mechanisms that may play an important role in congenital bone fractures associated with type I spinal muscular atrophy disease...
  78. ncbi Identification of a novel cyclic AMP-response element (CRE-II) and the role of CREB-1 in the cAMP-induced expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene
    Sarmila Majumder
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    J Biol Chem 279:14803-11. 2004
    ..These findings suggest that the CRE-II site in SMN promoter positively regulates the expression of the SMN gene, and treatment with cAMP-elevating agents increases expression of both the full-length and exonDelta7SMN transcript...
  79. ncbi Genetic and expression studies of SMN2 gene in Russian patients with spinal muscular atrophy type II and III
    Galina Yu Zheleznyakova
    Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnostics of Inherited Diseases, Ott s Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, Saint Petersburg, Russia
    BMC Med Genet 12:96. 2011
    ..The SMN1 gene produces a full-length transcript (FL-SMN) while SMN2 is only able to produce a small portion of the FL-SMN because of a splice mutation which results in the production of abnormal SMNΔ7 mRNA...
  80. ncbi Histone deacetylase inhibition activity and molecular docking of (e )-resveratrol: its therapeutic potential in spinal muscular atrophy
    Didem Dayangac-Erden
    Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
    Chem Biol Drug Des 73:355-64. 2009
    ..This data demonstrate a novel activity of (E )-resveratrol and that it could be a promising candidate for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy...
  81. ncbi Deletion analysis of SMN1 and NAIP genes in Southern Chinese children with spinal muscular atrophy
    Yu hua Liang
    Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, China
    J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 10:29-34. 2009
    ..The molecular diagnosis system based on PCR-RFLP analysis can conveniently be applied in the clinical testing, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis of SMA...
  82. ncbi Glossopharyngeal pistoning for lung insufflation in children with spinal muscular atrophy type II
    Malin Nygren-Bonnier
    Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 14183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
    Acta Paediatr 98:1324-8. 2009
    ..To evaluate whether children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type II were able to learn glossopharyngeal pistoning for lung insufflation (GI), and to evaluate the effects of GI on pulmonary function and chest expansion...
  83. ncbi Malignant ventricular arrhythmia in a case of adult onset of spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander disease)
    Markus Roos
    Heart Rhythm Management Center, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
    J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 20:342-4. 2009
    ..Our case is the first description of a patient with adult-onset SMA (Kugelberg-Welander disease [KWD]) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias...
  84. ncbi [Very severe spinal muscular atrophy--type 0. A cause of congenital multiple arthrogryposis]
    T Balslev
    Arhus Universitetshospital, Skejby Sygehus, paediatrisk afdeling
    Ugeskr Laeger 163:5679-80. 2001
    ..The diagnosis was confirmed by identification of homozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8 of the SMNt gene. Severe spinal muscular atrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of reduced fetal movements...
  85. ncbi [Health and social services for children with neuromuscular diseases]
    I Lund-Petersen
    Prosjekt LIBRA Foreningen for Muskelsyke Kjelsåsveien 174 0402 Oslo
    Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 121:2596-8. 2001
    ....
  86. ncbi Identification of a battery of tests for drug candidate evaluation in the SMNDelta7 neonate model of spinal muscular atrophy
    Bassem F El-Khodor
    PsychoGenics Inc, 765 Old Sawmill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
    Exp Neurol 212:29-43. 2008
    ..This multi-functional component battery of tests provides a rapid and efficient means to identify, evaluate and develop candidate therapies as a prelude to human clinical trials...
  87. ncbi A preliminary report on spinal muscular atrophy lymphoblastoid cell lines: are they an appropriate tool for drug screening?
    Didem Dayangac-Erden
    Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
    Adv Ther 25:274-9. 2008
    ..Increasing the expression of the SMN2 gene by pharmacological agents is one of the therapeutic approaches currently being implemented...
  88. ncbi A placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin in spinal muscular atrophy
    R G Miller
    Department of Neurology, California Pacific Medical Center, Forbes Norris MSDA ALS Center, 2324 Sacramento Street, 150, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Neurol Sci 191:127-31. 2001
    ..To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in increasing muscle strength of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)...
  89. ncbi Hodgkin's disease complicated by the nephrotic syndrome in a man with Kugelberg-Welander disease
    J A Thomson
    Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Leuk Lymphoma 42:561-6. 2001
    ..The association of minimal change glomerulonephritis with Hodgkin's disease and the possible pathogenesis of this association are discussed...
  90. ncbi Compensatory mechanisms during walking in response to muscle weakness in spinal muscular atrophy, type III
    Zlatko Matjacic
    Institute for Rehabilitation, Republic of Slovenia, Linhartova 51, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
    Gait Posture 27:661-8. 2008
    ..This finding would have direct application in rehabilitation treatment programs...
  91. ncbi Reduced survival motor neuron (Smn) gene dose in mice leads to motor neuron degeneration: an animal model for spinal muscular atrophy type III
    S Jablonka
    Klinische Forschergruppe Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurology, University of Wurzburg, Josef Schneider Strasse 11, D 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
    Hum Mol Genet 9:341-6. 2000
    ..These mice could allow screening for SMA therapies and help in gaining further understanding of the pathophysiological events leading to motor neuron degeneration in SMA...
  92. ncbi Complex repetitive arrangements of gene sequence in the candidate region of the spinal muscular atrophy gene in 5q13
    A M Theodosiou
    MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    Am J Hum Genet 55:1209-17. 1994
    ..Since SMA is not inherited as a classical autosomal recessive disease, novel genomic rearrangements arising from aberrant recombination events between the complex repeats may be associated with the phenotype observed...
  93. ncbi Contractures of the lower extremities in spinal muscular atrophy type II. Descriptive clinical study with retrospective data collection
    Albert Fujak
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Germany
    Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 13:27-36. 2011
    ..This study deals with the restrictions of the passive range of motion and the development of contractures of the lower extremities in these patients...
  94. ncbi Cervical flexion myelopathy in a patient showing apparent long tract signs: a severe form of Hirayama disease
    Kenji Sakai
    Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13 1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
    Joint Bone Spine 78:316-8. 2011
    ..Our patient's disease progression suggests that cervical flexion myelopathy patients with severe cervical cord compression in flexion may develop extensive cervical cord injury beyond the anterior horn...
  95. ncbi Acute liver failure after recommended doses of acetaminophen in patients with myopathies
    Ilse Ceelie
    Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Crit Care Med 39:678-82. 2011
    ..To determine the likelihood that recommended doses of acetaminophen are associated with acute liver failure in patients with myopathies...
  96. ncbi Survival analysis of spinal muscular atrophy type I
    Hyun Bin Park
    Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
    Korean J Pediatr 53:965-70. 2010
    ..In this study, we analyzed the natural courses and survival statistics of SMA type I patients and compared the clinical characteristics of the patients based on their survival periods...
  97. ncbi [Two cases of Werdnig-Hofmann disease]
    Yusvisaret Palmer-Morales
    Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
    Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 48:317-9. 2010
    ..It is import that the physicians know about this disease, and its complications...
  98. ncbi Aquatic therapy for a child with type III spinal muscular atrophy: a case report
    Yasser Salem
    Division of Physical Therapy, Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York, USA
    Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 30:313-24. 2010
    ..This study provides clinical information for therapists utilizing aquatic therapy as a modality for children with neuromuscular disorders...
  99. ncbi Assessing spinal muscular atrophy with quantitative ultrasound
    Jim S Wu
    Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
    Neurology 75:526-31. 2010
    ..To assess the value of quantitative ultrasound in patients with type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)...
  100. ncbi Digital necroses and vascular thrombosis in severe spinal muscular atrophy
    Sabine Rudnik-Schoneborn
    Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Muscle Nerve 42:144-7. 2010
    ..Corresponding to a mouse model and other patients with similar findings, we believe that severe survival motor neuron (SMN) deficiency may present as vasculopathy...
  101. ncbi Kinematic analysis of patients with spinal muscular atrophy during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation
    A Lissoni
    Dipartimento Medicina Riabilitativa, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil 77:188-92. 1998
    ..Kinematic analysis may be helpful for choosing the ventilation parameters to optimize therapeutic benefits...

Research Grants49

  1. CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PEDIATRIC SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY
    Susan Iannaccone; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..In contrast, the investigators were able to document loss of function such as ambulating or sitting ability despite this lack of loss of strength. In addition, no SMA patient gained function. ..
  2. CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PEDIATRIC SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY
    Susan Iannaccone; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..This continuing project is an important step toward our ultimate goal of finding an effective treatment for SMA. ..
  3. Role of metallothioneins in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This proposal also fits well with the mission/goals of multiple institutes (NCI, NIDK, NIAA) and is consistent with the program announcement on etiology, prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas. ..
  4. Alcohol-induced epigenetic changes in the liver genome
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This proposal also fits well with the mission of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism on "alcohol metabolism and epigenetic effects on tissue injury". ..
  5. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  6. Regulation of the survival motor neuron gene
    CHARLOTTE SUMNER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  7. Phase III Trial of Minocycline in ALS-II Data Center
    Robert Miller; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The details of data management are described, including the methods for quality control, security and information technology. Finally, the analytic plan is described in full. ..
  8. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..abstract_text> ..
  9. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn J Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  10. Muscle and neuromuscular junctions in spinal muscular atrophy
    CHARLOTTE JANE SUMNER; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..These studies will provide important insights about what tissue and molecules are necessary to target therapeutically in SMA and will therefore guide future efforts to develop treatment for this disease. ..
  11. Muscle and neuromuscular junctions in spinal muscular atrophy
    CHARLOTTE SUMNER; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..These studies will provide important insights about what tissue and molecules are necessary to target therapeutically in SMA and will therefore guide future efforts to develop treatment for this disease. ..
  12. Therapeutic Opportunities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Kathryn Swoboda; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  13. Molecular mechanism of diet induced carcinogenesis
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..This proposal also fits well with the recent program announcement of multiple institutes on diet, epigenetic events and cancer prevention. ..
  14. Phase III Trial of Minocycline in ALS-II Data Center
    Robert Miller; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The details of data management are described, including the methods for quality control, security and information technology. Finally, the analytic plan is described in full. ..
  15. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DIET-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..abstract_text> ..
  16. The Electrophysiology of Motor Neuron Diseases
    Mark Bromberg; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Currently, most MUNE techniques rely on proprietary software. We will develop software for use on PC-based computer systems, making them available to all laboratories. ..
  17. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Because MT induction is repressed in many cancer cells due to hypermethylation, the re-expresssion of MT may be one effective means to arrest malignant growth of these cells. ..
  18. DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN CANCER CELLS
    Samson Jacob; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..It is hoped that this study could provide the impetus to explore ways to reactivate these repressed genes that may result in the arrest of specific neoplastic growth. ..
  19. Compliance and Posture Monitor
    Tariq Rahman; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Two prototype units will be constructed. Tests of the units will be carried out on five subjects. Once technical feasibility has been demonstrated with human subjects a clinical trial will be undertaken in phase II of the grant. ..