pain

Human monogenic pain syndromes have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie normal and pathological pain states...

..When intense, these stimuli generate acute pain, and in the setting of persistent injury, both peripheral and central nervous system components of the pain ..

..Central sensitization is responsible for many of the temporal, spatial, and threshold changes in pain sensibility in acute and chronic clinical pain settings and exemplifies the fundamental contribution of the central ..

..Accumulating evidence shows that all three MAPK pathways contribute to pain sensitization after tissue and nerve injury via distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms...

Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator that plays a pivotal role in pain and hyperalgesia in inflamed tissues by exciting and/or sensitizing nociceptors...

A consensus meeting was convened by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to provide recommendations for interpreting clinical importance of treatment outcomes in clinical trials of the ..

..telephone survey was undertaken to explore the prevalence, severity, treatment and impact of chronic pain in 15 European countries and Israel...

The experience of pain arises from both physiological and psychological factors, including one's beliefs and expectations...

..process sensory information, which is then transmitted to several brain regions, including those responsible for pain perception...

..Central sensitization manifests as pain hypersensitivity, particularly dynamic tactile allodynia, secondary punctate or pressure hyperalgesia, ..

..kinase activation in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in the development of peripheral neuropathic pain has been explored...

Sex-related influences on pain and analgesia have become a topic of tremendous scientific and clinical interest, especially in the last 10 to 15 years...

Common pain conditions appear to have an adverse effect on work, but no comprehensive estimates exist on the amount of productive time lost in the US workforce due to pain.

..agonists has been shown to produce analgesic effects in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, mechanisms underlying CB₂-mediated analgesic effects remain largely unknown...

Use of chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain has increased substantially...

b>Pain and depression are the most common physical and psychological symptoms in primary care, respectively. Moreover, they co-occur 30% to 50% of the time and have adverse effects on quality of life, disability, and health care costs.

..In this review, we consider the ways in which spinal cord activity may be altered in chronic pain states...

Despite the abundant literature on this topic, accurate prevalence estimates of pain in cancer patients are not available...

..four randomized controlled trials of acupuncture in patients with migraine, tension-type headache, chronic low back pain, and osteoarthritis of the knee we investigated the influence of expectations on clinical outcome...

..1: In patients with serious illness at the end of life, clinicians should regularly assess patients for pain, dyspnea, and depression. (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence...

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that results from lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system...

b>Pain and fatigue are two often overlooked symptoms after stroke. Their prevalence and determinants are not well understood. In this study patients with first-ever stroke (n=377) were examined at baseline and after 1 year...

The affective dimension of pain is made up of feelings of unpleasantness and emotions associated with future implications, termed secondary affect...

This review aims to explore the research available relating to three commonly used pain rating scales, the Visual Analogue Scale, the Verbal Rating Scale and the Numerical Rating Scale...

Patients with neuropathic pain (NP) are challenging to manage and evidence-based clinical recommendations for pharmacologic management are needed...

..to share and comprehend others' feelings and intentions, evidence for differential empathic reactivity to the pain of same- or different-race individuals is meager...

The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States today...

To examine the role of small RNAs in peripheral pain pathways, we deleted the enzyme Dicer in mouse postmitotic damage-sensing neurons. We used a Nav1.8-Cre mouse to target those nociceptors important for inflammatory pain...

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There exists currently a fair degree of introspection in the pain research community about the value of animal research. This review represents a defense of animal research in pain...

..Here we examined the involvement of DA neurotransmission in the human response to pain, a robust physical and emotional stressor across species...

..8 and Na(v)1.9, are exclusively expressed in primary sensory neurons and are suggested to play a role in different pain conditions, including chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states...

Although individual differences in fear and anxiety modulate the pain response and may even cause more suffering than the initiating physical stimulus, little is known about the neural systems mediating this relationship...

Central sensitization plays an important role in the pathophysiology of numerous musculoskeletal pain disorders, yet it remains unclear how manual therapists can recognize this condition...

..Acute infection is thought to be monophasic. However reports on chronic pain related to CHIKV infection have been made...

..Although pens have been shown to be preferred over syringes by patients requiring long-term SC administration of medications, there are no data on preference and pain in the use of biologics in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the location of the first synapse in pain pathways, and as such, offers a very powerful target for regulation of nociceptive transmission by both local segmental and supraspinal mechanisms...

..e., sex, pubertal status, parent chronic pain), external events (i.e., injury, illness/hospitalization, stressful-life events), and emotional factors (i.e...

..Here we have assessed the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of GB9 and its acetylated derivative, acetic acid 3a-hydroxy-4,4,6a-trimethyl-3-methylene-decahydro-cyclopenta[]pentalen-2-yl ester (GB10)...

Fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome is characterized by pain and widespread hyperalgesia to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli...

b>Pain is a major health care problem for patients with cancer: despite the existence of guidelines for cancer pain management, undertreatment is a widespread problem...

..In a mouse model of inflammation-induced pain in which carrageenan injection into the hind paw causes hypersensitivity to heat stimuli, TNF-alpha mRNA was ..

..The two subjects who experienced pain instead of acupuncture sensation exhibited signal increases instead of decreases in the anterior cingulate gyrus (..

..8 have shown that this channel contributes to experimental inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We report here the discovery of A-803467, a sodium channel blocker that potently blocks tetrodotoxin-resistant ..

Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy...

Estimating the future course of musculoskeletal pain is an important consideration in the primary care consultation for patients and healthcare professionals...

..Cross-sectional study...

..To provide more targeted recommendations for the hip, we gathered evidence for the efficacy of exercise for hip OA from randomized controlled trials...

Inflammation and trauma lead to enhanced pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia), which is in part due to altered sensory processing in the spinal cord...

Recently, local morphologic alterations of the brain in areas ascribable to the transmission of pain were detected in patients suffering from phantom pain, chronic back pain, irritable bowl syndrome, fibromyalgia and two types of frequent ..

Although individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) consistently report wide-spread pain, clear evidence of structural abnormalities or other sources of chronic stimulation of pain afferents in the involved body areas is lacking...

Opioid misuse can complicate chronic pain management, and the non-medical use of opioids is a growing public health problem...

..Differences in muscle morphology could not be detected by ultrasound imaging. Significantly lower pressure pain threshold (PPT) and shoulder torque were observed for MYA, indicating pain-related lack of full activation...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is considered to be the prototypical central chronic pain syndrome and is associated with widespread pain that fluctuates spontaneously. Multiple studies have demonstrated altered brain activity in these patients...

..Interaction between pain and itch has been frequently demonstrated, and the selectivity hypothesis of itch, based on data from ..

Worldwide, acute, and chronic pain affects 20% of the adult population and represents an enormous financial and emotional burden...

..physical and psychosocial factors, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use among chronic pain patients...

In spite of intense research efforts and after the dedicated Decade of Pain Control and Research, there are not many alternatives to opioid-based narcotic analgesics in the therapeutic armamentarium to treat chronic pain conditions...

..used extensively in the past 30 years to gain knowledge about the cortical mechanisms underlying nociception and pain in humans, by assuming that they reflect at least neural activities uniquely or preferentially involved in ..

Glia have emerged as key contributors to pathological and chronic pain mechanisms. On activation, both astrocytes and microglia respond to and release a number of signalling molecules, which have protective and/or pathological functions...

..infusion of GDNF has been shown to prevent and reverse the behavioral expression of experimental neuropathic pain arising from injury to spinal nerves...

b>Pain perception is a multidimensional phenomenon, derived from sensory, affective, cognitive-evaluative and homeostatic information...

The experience of, and reaction to, pain by the inhabitants of a nursing home (n = 148) were evaluated...

b>Pain remains one of the most common, yet most challenging, medical problems in health care today, and it is one of the most common complications that occurs after a stroke...

..Results obtained using this highly selective agonist suggest that somatostatin sst4 receptors represent a promising target for new perspectives in analgesic therapy...

Chronic pain is a frequent cause of suffering and disability that negatively affects patients' quality of life. There is growing evidence that disparities in the treatment of pain occur because of differences in race.

..To assess the efficacy of the topical application of morphine on painful chronic skin ulcers...

Perception of pain by the patient is frequently one of the early signs preceding a diagnosis of cancer and, later, a sinister sign of disease progression...

..of polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate (P-ERMS) (KADIAN) compared with controlled-release oxycodone HCl (CRO) (OxyContin) in treating chronic, nonmalignant, moderate to severe pain in a community-based outpatient population.

Classical pain tests performed in animals routinely measure evoked nociceptive behaviours...

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..However, the quality of pain management within this setting has been identified as an issue of concern...

Vertebral fractures are the most common consequences of severe osteoporosis. The chronic pain from collapse of osteoporotic vertebrae affects quality of life and autonomy of patients...

Cancer pain imposes a great burden on patients and results in considerable constraints limiting their quality of life...

To analyze the prevalence and the severity spectrum of pain and its relationships to health-related quality of life and the bio-psycho-social consequences of pain among patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy.

The use of opioid analgesics for patients with chronic nonmalignant pain is becoming more widely accepted, and long-acting formulations are an important treatment option.

Opioid-like medications (OLM) are commonly used by patients with various types of chronic pain, but their long-term benefit is questionable...

The field of pain medicine is experiencing increased pressure from regulatory agencies and other sources regarding the continuation, or even initial use, of opioids in pain patients...

The Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ), initially developed by Adams et al. (J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004; 27: 440-459), is a 26-item self-report assessment to screen for opioid-medication misuse...

Long neglected, the pain related to wounds is nowadays recognized as an important issue...

Patients and physicians often disagree in their assessment of pain intensity. This study explores the impact of patient factors on underestimation of pain intensity in chronic noncancer pain...

..In addition, we investigated whether different analgesic drugs orally administered at antihyperalgesic doses were able to prevent the changes in PGE2 and TNF-alpha spinal levels associated with hindpaw inflammation...

OBJECTIVE: Adequate treatment of patients' pain is a top priority for the World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), and American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), but "adequate" is not clearly ..

The objective of this study was to evaluate pain frequency, severity, location, treatment, and relief in a population of adult patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD).

To evaluate the impact of using pain assessment scales on the management of musculoskeletal chronic pain.

Chronic pain is common after a traumatic brain injury. Cognitive impairment post injury may be a consequence of the brain injury alone, or in combination with pain, clinical depression, and psychological and emotional factors...

b>Pain has to be treated during the perioperative period. The recent improvement in pain treatment results from a better understanding of pain mechanisms, strict evaluations and appropriate protocols for pain management...

To review strategies for treating patients with breakthrough pain (BTP).

..for the member of the opioid receptor family, NOP receptor (also known as ORL1), in part to understand its role in pain. Modifications of a hexapeptide originally identified from a combinatorial library have led to the discovery of a ..

The field of pain medicine is experiencing increased pressure from regulatory agencies and other sources regarding the continuation, or even initial use, of opioids in pain patients...

After a cleardiagnosis has been made, many acute as well as chronic pain symptoms can be treated by the family physician on an outpatient basis. For the step therapy of chronic pain, particular attention must be given to the side effects...

Managing surgical patients who have chronic pain that results from their surgical disease and its treatment can bring a new and rewarding dimension to surgical practice...

Certain basic principles are applicable to all forms of pain treatment when the aims are pain relief and the avoidance of chronicety. Such algorithms, as guidelines are even more important when pain is becoming chronic...

The consensus statement from the American Pain Society and American Academy of Pain Medicine states that the undertreatment of pain is unjustified [6]...

335 patients (51% female, 49% male, mean age 56 years) with chronic pain and multimorbidity have been included in a multi-center 2-years' study with slow release Tilidine/Naloxone for efficacy and safety which included detailed laboratory ..

..Results suggest that ketamine upregulates NMDA receptors upon long-term administration, resulting in hyperalgesic response in the normal paw after drug withdrawal...

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..off separate drug development endeavors directed novel nicotinic receptor ligands for depression, schizophrenia, pain alleviation and nicotine addiction and AChE inhibitor antidotes...

..It is fully anticipated that this approach will facilitate the understanding of a variety of complex chemical interactions as it relates to the occupational health implications of working with insecticides. ..

..The research also has implications for the treatment of military personnel and civilians after nerve gas poisoning. ..

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..Thus, by modifying the sugar side chains on the genetically engineered form of enzyme, it will be retained in the blood longer and have an enhanced capacity to neutralize the neurotoxins toxins before they reach the nervous system. ..

..It is fully anticipated that this approach will facilitate the understanding of a variety of complex chemical interactions as it relates to the occupational health implications of working with insecticides. ..

..syndrome", characterized by shoulder droop, winged scapula, weak abduction, inability to shrug and a dull ache with pain localized to the shoulder...

..off separate drug development endeavors directed novel nicotinic receptor ligands for depression, schizophrenia, pain alleviation and nicotine addiction and AChE inhibitor antidotes...

..We propose to develop a new class of insecticide that is safe for ITN deployment, effective against current insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and less likely to promote emergence of new resistant strains. ..

..We propose to develop a new class of insecticide that is safe for ITN deployment, effective against current insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and less likely to promote emergence of new resistant strains. ..

..The outcome of the proposal is to identify mechanisms by which ChEIs block potentially toxic AB levels and to utilize this property in developing novel therapeutic agents. ..

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..The outcome of the proposal is to identify mechanisms by which ChEIs block potentially toxic AB levels and to utilize this property in developing novel therapeutic agents. ..

..Knowledge gained on OP pesticide toxicology is also applicable to OP nerve gases as chemical warfare and terrorism agents. ..

..These studies will likely support hypotheses about ACh mechanisms in learning and memory and may identify the cerebellum as an additional site of drug action. ..

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..Electromyography (EMG) was shown to be a useful test. However the study did not look claudication (leg pain on walking), an extreme symptom of stenosis. Claudication can also occur in vascular disease...