partial epilepsies

..These techniques are promising, non-invasive imaging methods for identifying the cause of partial seizures, and can contribute to pre-surgical evaluation...

..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin (PGB) as adjunctive therapy, using a flexible-dosing schedule in Korean patients with refractory partial-onset seizures...

..Well-controlled (WcE) and intractable epilepsy (IE) subjects may present different autonomic profiles, which can be helpful in explaining the predisposition of the latter to SUDEP...

b>Partial epilepsies have a substantial heritability. However, the actual genetic causes are largely unknown...

..A gene for FPEVF was mapped to chromosome 22q12 in two distantly related French-Canadian families...

..The time course of activation was comparable with the physiological hemodynamic response function (HRF). The new methodology could lead to novel and important applications in many areas of neuroscience...

..The superior spatial resolution obtainable through EEG-triggered fMRI may provide an additional non-invasive tool in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable focal seizures...

..These meta-analyses give only short-term efficacy and safety data. Comparative clinical trials and long-term studies of these agents are needed to confirm these findings...

..In conclusion, continuous EEG-fMRI is useful to compare the functional mapping of epileptiform activity and eloquent cortices in individual patients...

..To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo controlled add-on trials of levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for patients with drug resistant localization related epilepsy...

..To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy in selected patients with refractory partial seizures...

..To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV, Keppra) as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures...

..CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive LEV therapy, <or=1,000 mg twice daily, was significantly more effective than placebo and was generally well tolerated in Taiwanese adults with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures...

..To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) as adjunctive therapy in children (4 to 16 years) with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures...

....

..high correlations between signals recorded during seizures), both giving insights into our understanding of pathophysiological processes involved in human partial epilepsies as well as in the interpretation of clinical semiology.

..These findings provide important new information on the optimal use and interpretation of EEG-fMRI in focal epilepsy and suggest a possible role for EEG-fMRI in providing new targets for invasive EEG monitoring...

..The results suggest that the fixed HRF methods may not be the most appropriate for the analysis of epileptic activity with EEG-fMRI, and the deconvolution method may be a better choice...

..Favorable tolerability of gabapentin was confirmed also in a Japanese population, consistent with previous global studies...

....

..To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine as adjunctive therapy in infants and young children (1 month to < 4 years)...

..The possibility of a longer HRF could be used to improve statistical detection of activation in simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The variability in average HRFs across patients could reflect in part different pathophysiological mechanisms...

..To determine if there is evidence that the left cerebral hemisphere is more prone to epileptogenesis than the right hemisphere...

....

..The emergence of clinical signs in the seizure depend on these phenomena, which in some cases can mimic a normal cognitive process or, on the contrary, lead to a deep rupture in normal cerebral functioning...

..This approach, i.e. the combination of EEG-triggered fMRI and 3D EEG source analysis, represents a promising additional tool for presurgical epilepsy evaluation allowing precise non-invasive identification of the epileptic foci...

....

..In this review we present recent findings from nonlinear time series analysis of intracranially recorded EEG that may allow to forecast seizure onset in patients with partial epilepsy...

..When available, MRI is preferred to CT because of its superior resolution, versatility, and lack of radiation...

..The cognitive disturbances beginning in childhood may lead to the stronger emotional impairments observed in adults with left hemispheric seizures...

..The results of this evidence-based assessment provide guidelines for the prescription of AEDs for patients with refractory epilepsy and identify those seizure types and syndromes where more evidence is necessary...

..Therefore, abnormalities in T2 relaxation time can be found remote from the seizure focus. They cannot be simply attributed to secondary seizure effects...

..This could reflect an increase of metabolism linked to the presence of slow waves, which suggests that fMRI is a new source of information on the mechanisms of spike generation...

..The evolution of familial partial epilepsies, which exhibit great intrafamilial variability, is not always benign...

..A large, multicenter, prospective study looking at these and other potential risk factors for seizure recurrence is needed...

..The authors of these studies examined retrospectively the predictive factors of favorable outcome and defined the best selection criteria for surgery...

..This unusual reflex epilepsy is relatively benign in nature and antiepileptic drug therapy has uncertain benefits. It may be necessary to avoid playing the Mah-Jong game in order to prevent seizures...

..Based on examination of 2 patients with gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartoma, clinical features, EEG characteristics and therapeutic perspectives for the disorder are discussed...

....

..001). CONCLUSIONS: CA is frequently associated with long-term use of phenytoin. Although duration of epilepsy may have an influence in the CA, this is clearly less important than the time of exposure to phenytoin...

..We propose that the introduction of anti-epilepsy drugs be delayed for 6 months following epilepsy onset and be subsequently limited to patients with frequent seizure recurrence...

..We therefore recommend performing a prompt EEG in any child presenting with acute visual obscuration, even in the absence of other epileptic phenomena...

..We conclude with a reflection on what we still do not understand as regards in the genesis and surgical management of the neuropsychiatric disabilities related to this disorder...

..Overall, these two clinical trials confirm that levetiracetam is a broad spectrum anti-epileptic drug with a favourable safety profile. The positive effect on behaviour needs further quantitative study...

..Whether this proposal of secondary epileptogenesis is valid or not remains a major issue, since it could provide arguments on the moment to discuss surgery...

..AS in patients with LRE will be relatively benign and transient, and will respond well to antiepileptic drugs...

....

..In particular, the most frequent genital automatisms consist in subtle phenomena while hypermotoric behaviour, such as pelvic rhythmic movements are quite rare. No lateralizing value for genital automatisms was disclosed...

..The hypothesis that these long-lasting seizures are associated with a reduction of striatal dopamine was addressed in the present study in drug-resistant patients with r(20) epilepsy using PET...

..Prognosis of epilepsy during the course of MS is usually good but the choice of AEDs remains a matter of debate...

..We conclude that seizure activity can disrupt normal physiological regulation and control of respiratory and cardiac activity...

..Despite first description dates back to 1971, no agreement exists about CSWS treatment. The condition is rare and controlled clinical trials are very difficult to perform, so the reports about efficacy of different drugs are anecdotal...

..Independent spike identification in MEG can provide clinical results comparable, but not superior, to EEG. Many spikes were seen in only one modality or the other; therefore the use of both EEG and MEG may provide additional information...

..To study the surgical procedures and results on seizures, in 18 patients with refractory epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartoma...

..The only behavioural problem that was more frequent in females was self-induction of seizures...

..No effect on the EEG background activity was observed in CBZ-treated children. VGB seems to be a safe and effective antiepileptic drug as primary monotherapy for epilepsy in children with similar proportion of side effects as CBZ...

..The recurrence of the disease in children of the first group was only preceded in one third by irregularities in EEG; on the contrary, it occurred in two thirds of the second group. The morphology of changes was non-homogeneous...

..Our preliminary results concerning quality of life and socialization are encouraging and favor surgical treatment at an early stage...

....

..In this series of 100 presurgical candidates, ictal source localization could be performed in 31% of patients. In 14% of patients, it proved to be a key element in the surgical decision process...

....

..The role of laterality for musical hallucinations remains unclear as it depends on individual musical ability and hemispheric dominance for music...

..In such cases, treatment with a broad-spectrum antiepileptic may be advantageous...

..To characterize the spatial and temporal course of ictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) recorded by subdural EEG in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy...

..The main features of benign partial epilepsy in infancy were a high incidence of a cluster of seizures, short persistence of seizures, and normal initial interictal EEGs...

..This review focuses on the main clinical and EEG features of this epilepsy underlining its typical and atypical symptoms and its management...

..01). Ictal multifocality, mental retardation, and discordant EEG and MRI data showed a negative trend toward outcome, but were not significant...

..To study the role of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the surgical evaluation of children with recurrent seizures after epilepsy surgery...

..Thus, children with gelastic seizures may respond relatively well to drug therapy. Four of the 10 patients became seizure free with drug therapy; in three intractable symptomatic cases, surgery was tried but failed in two of the three...

....

..All patients developed status epilepticus and 11 patient deaths were, all related to prolonged convulsive status epilepticus, including two with liver failure apparently precipitated by treatment with sodium valproate...

..Epileptic seizures cause distress to parents and the fear they experience of death must always be taken into account...

..We report the outcome of a cohort predominantly of children with nonlesional intractable partial epilepsy undergoing resective surgery...

..Neurological examination, EEG between crises and neuro-radiological studies were normal...

..When an alpha-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan focus is detected, it likely represents the epileptogenic region to be resected...

....

..They also assess the potential usefulness of the new measures for robust, accurate, and timely forewarning of epileptic events...

..This regional study reinforces the relative association of seizures and Down syndrome. A prospective study including a national/international registry with emphasis on developmental assessment and long-term follow up is warranted...

..CONCLUSION: This study provides a considerable amount of epidemiological and clinical information with a special emphasis on epilepsy syndromes, diagnostic assessment and factors that influence the initiation of treatment or not...

..Deficiency of FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein) appears to lead to increased neuronal excitability and susceptibility to epilepsy, but particularly seems to facilitate mechanisms leading to the BFEC pattern...

..Due to its broad spectrum of action and to the lack of evidence for teratogenicity in monotherapy, lamotrigine (LTG) is an AED of first choice for women with epilepsy with child-bearing potential...

..No treatment changes had to be undertaken because of abnormal laboratory parameters. High dose CBZ anticonvulsant monotherapy is well tolerated...

..benzodiazepines and topiramate are large spectrum molecules which are effective in generalized and partial epilepsies. Carbamazepine, vigabatrin, gabapentine, tiagabine, phenytoin and phenobarbital are effective in partial ..

..To evaluate the long-term efficacy, tolerability, and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in children with epilepsy...

..0%) who had an EEG registration. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Lao PDR to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy. Compared to Western countries it shows a pattern towards a higher prevalence...

..5% became seizure-free. These findings suggest that oxcarbazepine monotherapy is effective and well tolerated in children and adolescents with partial epilepsy...

..GEFS+ has previously been linked to mutations in two genes encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit (SCN1A) and beta1-subunit (SCN1B). We studied a large family with FS and partial as well as generalized seizure types...

..If EEG recordings become substantially worse, with more frequent and longer generalized SW bursts after initiation of CBZ therapy, patients should be carefully monitored in order to detect any sign of clinical impairment...

..Automotor seizures and tonic seizures are the most common semiologies. Focal radiologic abnormalities tend to be lateralized to one of the frontal lobes...

..Clobazam efficacy lasted for more than one year in 42% of the seizure-free patients. Clobazam seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of focal epilepsy in childhood and should be considered in patients with refractory seizures...

..It is characterized by seizures, often prolonged, with predominantly autonomic symptoms, and by an EEG [electroencephalogram] that shows shifting and/or multiple foci, often with occipital predominance."..

..Convulsive SE is surprisingly uncommon in IGE and much less common than in the secondarily generalized or partial epilepsies. Also, when it does occur, it usually responds rapidly to treatment...

....

....

..To compare clinicians' choice of one of the standard epilepsy drug treatments (carbamazepine or valproate) versus appropriate comparator new drugs...

....

....

..abstract_text> ..

..The availability of a noninvasive imaging technology to identify and image the epileptogenic foci would benefit numerous patients suffering from epilepsy and the healthcare system. ..

..The availability of a noninvasive imaging technology to identify and image the epileptogenic foci would benefit numerous patients suffering from epilepsy and the healthcare system. ..

..The availability of a noninvasive imaging technology to identify and image the epileptogenic foci would benefit numerous patients suffering from epilepsy and the healthcare system. ..

..At the end of the award period, Dr. Elsas will have completed a clinical trial of a botanical and will be well positioned to obtain independent research funding. ..

..We propose to develop an alternative therapeutic modality to surgical resection that relies on electrical stimulation of the brain to control seizures. ..

..We propose to develop an alternative therapeutic modality to surgical resection that relies on electrical stimulation of the brain to control seizures. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..The objective of these experiments is to examine possible synaptic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and to determine the effects of ADNFLE mutations on a4a2receptor-mediated function in vivo. ..

..The objective of this study is to establish MEG as a reliable clinical diagnostic tool. ..

..The objective of this study is to establish MEG as a reliable clinical diagnostic tool. ..

....

..The information gained in these studies will better define development of GABAergic deficiencies preceding seizures and will aid in the development of new anti-epileptogenic therapies. ..

..30 x .35) 100,000 women with catamenial epilepsy and perhaps many more women with no a priori demonstrated hormonal sensitivity to seizure occurrence. ..

..30 x .35) 100,000 women with catamenial epilepsy and perhaps many more women with no a priori demonstrated hormonal sensitivity to seizure occurrence. ..

..30 x .35) 100,000 women with catamenial epilepsy and perhaps many more women with no a priori demonstrated hormonal sensitivity to seizure occurrence. ..

..30 x .35) 100,000 women with catamenial epilepsy and perhaps many more women with no a priori demonstrated hormonal sensitivity to seizure occurrence. ..

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract: Most partial epilepsies are acquired through brain injury and subsequent development of hyperexcitability by a process of epileptogenesis...

..We anticipate these developments will apply to a wide range of neurological disorders. ..

..Furthermore, its security architecture will ensure neurologic databases developed by the community to be sharable confidently and efficiently through the Web. ..

..abstract_text> ..