aids dementia complex

Summary

Summary: A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)

Top Publications

  1. ncbi HIV-1 infection and AIDS: consequences for the central nervous system
    M Kaul
    Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Cell Death Differ 12:878-92. 2005
  2. ncbi HIV-1 associated dementia: symptoms and causes
    Mohammad Ghafouri
    Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
    Retrovirology 3:28. 2006
  3. ncbi The neuropathogenesis of AIDS
    Francisco González-Scarano
    Department of Neurology, 3 West Gates, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104 4283, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 5:69-81. 2005
  4. ncbi Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    A Antinori
    Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, Rome, Italy
    Neurology 69:1789-99. 2007
  5. ncbi Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-related neurocognitive impairment: prevalence and risk factors
    Valerio Tozzi
    National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:174-82. 2007
  6. ncbi Undetectable cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and beta-2 microglobulin do not indicate inactive AIDS dementia complex in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients
    Lucette A Cysique
    St Vincent s Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39:426-9. 2005
  7. ncbi HIV-1 neuroimmunity in the era of antiretroviral therapy
    Stephanie D Kraft-Terry
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5880, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 37:542-8. 2010
  8. ncbi Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia
    M Kaul
    Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    Nature 410:988-94. 2001
  9. ncbi Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia
    Tracy Fischer-Smith
    Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Expert Rev Mol Med 7:1-26. 2005
  10. ncbi Loss of the N-linked glycosylation site at position 386 in the HIV envelope V4 region enhances macrophage tropism and is associated with dementia
    Rebecca L Dunfee
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Virology 367:222-34. 2007

Research Grants

  1. Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis in the Rhesus Monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. HEROIN AIDS ENCEPHALOPATHY--NEUROPATHOGENESIS MECHANISMS
    Madhavan Nair; Fiscal Year: 2005
  3. MOLECULAR STUDIES OF BRAIN NMDA RECEPTORS
    R Suzanne Zukin; Fiscal Year: 2003
  4. Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis in the rhesus monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis in the rhesus monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STRATEGIES TARGETING THE HIV SANC
    Bradley Anderson; Fiscal Year: 2003
  7. Improving the CNS Delivery of Anti-retroviral Compounds
    WILLIAM ELMQUIST; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. Gene Therapy of AIDS Dementia
    Roger Pomerantz; Fiscal Year: 2004
  9. MECHANISM OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
    Mohan Sopori; Fiscal Year: 2003

Detail Information

Publications182 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi HIV-1 infection and AIDS: consequences for the central nervous system
    M Kaul
    Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Cell Death Differ 12:878-92. 2005
    ..This review will discuss recently uncovered pathologic neuroimmune and degenerative mechanisms contributing to neuronal damage induced by HIV-1 and potential approaches for development of future therapeutic intervention...
  2. ncbi HIV-1 associated dementia: symptoms and causes
    Mohammad Ghafouri
    Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
    Retrovirology 3:28. 2006
    ..In this review, we discussed the symptoms and causes leading to HAD. Outcome from this review will provide new information regarding mechanisms of neuronal loss in AIDS patients...
  3. ncbi The neuropathogenesis of AIDS
    Francisco González-Scarano
    Department of Neurology, 3 West Gates, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104 4283, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 5:69-81. 2005
    ..Here, we discuss the studies that are being carried out to determine the respective contributions of infection, and monocyte and macrophage activation, to disease progression...
  4. ncbi Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    A Antinori
    Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, Rome, Italy
    Neurology 69:1789-99. 2007
    ..An algorithm is proposed to assist in standardized diagnostic classification of HAND...
  5. ncbi Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-related neurocognitive impairment: prevalence and risk factors
    Valerio Tozzi
    National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:174-82. 2007
    ..We assessed the prevalence and predictors of persistent NP deficits despite long-term HAART in patients with HIV-related NCI...
  6. ncbi Undetectable cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and beta-2 microglobulin do not indicate inactive AIDS dementia complex in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients
    Lucette A Cysique
    St Vincent s Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39:426-9. 2005
    To assess whether nonelevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers could delineate inactive AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), using neuropsychologic performance change as an ..
  7. ncbi HIV-1 neuroimmunity in the era of antiretroviral therapy
    Stephanie D Kraft-Terry
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5880, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 37:542-8. 2010
    ..Current therapeutic approaches are focused on adjunctive and brain-penetrating antiretroviral therapies. These may attenuate virus-associated neuroinflammatory activities thereby decreasing the severity and frequency of HAND...
  8. ncbi Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia
    M Kaul
    Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    Nature 410:988-94. 2001
    ..Recent advances in understanding the signalling pathways mediating these events offer hope for therapeutic intervention...
  9. ncbi Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia
    Tracy Fischer-Smith
    Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
    Expert Rev Mol Med 7:1-26. 2005
    ..Potential therapeutic strategies are also briefly discussed...
  10. ncbi Loss of the N-linked glycosylation site at position 386 in the HIV envelope V4 region enhances macrophage tropism and is associated with dementia
    Rebecca L Dunfee
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Virology 367:222-34. 2007
    ....
  11. ncbi Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline
    M Christine Zink
    Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    JAMA 293:2003-11. 2005
    ..Current antiretroviral drugs are expensive, have significant adverse effects including neurotoxicity, and few cross the blood-brain barrier...
  12. ncbi Antiretroviral treatment alters relationship between MCP-1 and neurometabolites in HIV patients
    Linda Chang
    Department of Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA
    Antivir Ther 9:431-40. 2004
    ..The relationships between neurometabolites and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated in HIV patients before and after antiretroviral treatment...
  13. ncbi Increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env compartmentalization in the presence of HIV-1-associated dementia
    Kimberly Ritola
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Center for AIDS Research, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
    J Virol 79:10830-4. 2005
    ..Alternatively, HAD may be associated with a more pronounced state of immunosuppression that permits more extensive replication and independent evolution within the CNS compartment...
  14. ncbi CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates enhanced transmigration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier: a potential mechanism of HIV-CNS invasion and NeuroAIDS
    Eliseo A Eugenin
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
    J Neurosci 26:1098-106. 2006
    ..These data suggest that CCL2, but not other chemokines, plays a key role in infiltration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and the subsequent pathology characteristic of NeuroAIDS...
  15. ncbi Neurotrophins prevent HIV Tat-induced neuronal apoptosis via a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent mechanism
    S H Ramirez
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
    J Neurochem 78:874-89. 2001
    ..These findings suggest that the activation of NF-kappaB by neurotrophic factors may promote survival of neurons exposed to Tat, via regulation of anti-apoptotic genes including Bcl-2...
  16. ncbi Insulin resistance is associated with cognition among HIV-1-infected patients: the Hawaii Aging With HIV cohort
    Victor G Valcour
    Office of Neurology and Aging Research, University of Hawaii, Leahi Hospital, 3675 Kilauea Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43:405-10. 2006
    ..To determine if insulin resistance (IR) is associated with lower cognitive performance among HIV-1-infected adults and to determine if advanced age magnifies risk...
  17. ncbi Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal cell death in HIV dementia
    W Li
    RT Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infection, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
    Neurotox Res 8:119-34. 2005
    ....
  18. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protein Tat induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated neurotoxicity
    Lara Buscemi
    Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 26:661-70. 2007
    ....
  19. ncbi Pathogenesis of HIV in the central nervous system
    Victor Valcour
    Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 94143 1207, USA
    Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 8:54-61. 2011
    ..This review highlights recent investigations of HIV-related CNS injury with emphasis on cART-era neuropathological mechanisms in the context of both US and international settings...
  20. ncbi Neurocognitive effects of treatment interruption in stable HIV-positive patients in an observational cohort
    K R Robertson
    Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, 2128 Physician Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7025, USA
    Neurology 74:1260-6. 2010
    ..Prior studies have shown improved neurocognition with initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV. We hypothesized that stopping ART would be associated with poorer neurocognitive function...
  21. ncbi HIV DNA in circulating monocytes as a mechanism to dementia and other HIV complications
    Victor G Valcour
    Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, USA
    J Leukoc Biol 87:621-6. 2010
    ..Herein, we summarize our current understanding of monocyte HIV DNA and central nervous system dysfunction in humans. We present a model to understand these relationships and suggest possible treatment approaches to be tested...
  22. ncbi Resting cerebral blood flow: a potential biomarker of the effects of HIV in the brain
    B M Ances
    Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA
    Neurology 73:702-8. 2009
    ..We examined the impact of HIV on resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within the lenticular nuclei (LN) and visual cortex (VC)...
  23. ncbi HIV subtype D is associated with dementia, compared with subtype A, in immunosuppressed individuals at risk of cognitive impairment in Kampala, Uganda
    Ned Sacktor
    Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 49:780-6. 2009
    ..The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV subtype and the severity of HIV-associated cognitive impairment among individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda...
  24. ncbi Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy
    L A Cysique
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, CA, USA
    Neurology 73:342-8. 2009
    ....
  25. ncbi White matter tract injury and cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals
    Assawin Gongvatana
    San Diego State University University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego and La Jolla, California, USA
    J Neurovirol 15:187-95. 2009
    ..The study also confirms that CNS injury is evident in persons infected with HIV despite effective antiretroviral treatment...
  26. ncbi The comorbidity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and Alzheimer's disease: a foreseeable medical challenge in post-HAART era
    Jiqing Xu
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198 5880, USA
    J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 4:200-12. 2009
    ..A growing awareness of potential convergent mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration shared by HIV and Abeta points to a significant chance of comorbidity of AD and HAND in senile HIV patients, which calls for a need of basic studies...
  27. ncbi Predictive validity of demographically adjusted normative standards for the HIV Dementia Scale
    Erin E Morgan
    Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
    J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 30:83-90. 2008
    ..The application of demographically adjusted normative standards on the HDS improves the clinical applicability and accuracy of this cognitive screening measure in the detection of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders...
  28. ncbi Persistence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment, inflammation, and neuronal injury in era of highly active antiretroviral treatment
    Jarek Harezlak
    Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
    AIDS 25:625-33. 2011
    ..To determine whether cognitive impairment and brain injury as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) persist in the setting of HAART...
  29. ncbi Neuropathology and neurodegeneration in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pathogenesis of HIV-induced lesions of the brain, correlations with HIV-associated disorders and modifications according to treatments
    F Gray
    Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Faculté de médecine Paris Ouest, Garches, France
    Clin Neuropathol 20:146-55. 2001
    ..The poor CNS penetration of many antiretroviral agents is a possible explanation, but irreversible "burnt out" HIV-induced CNS changes may also be responsible...
  30. ncbi Neurodegeneration and ageing in the HAART era
    Bruce J Brew
    Department of Neurology, St Vincent s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
    J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 4:163-74. 2009
    ..Lastly, there will be a brief discussion of interventions to minimize such neurodegeneration including optimization of HAART for brain entry...
  31. ncbi Tumor necrosis factor-alpha at the crossroads of neuronal life and death during HIV-associated dementia
    Ramendra N Saha
    Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 40th and Holdrege, Lincoln, NE 68583-0740, USA
    J Neurochem 86:1057-71. 2003
    ..The current compilation examines these contradictory concepts, and evaluates their efficacy in the light of TNF-alpha signaling. It also attempts to elaborate the current consensus outlook of TNF-alpha's role during HAD...
  32. ncbi Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide production in HIV-dementia
    Norman J Haughey
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
    Ann Neurol 55:257-67. 2004
    ..These results suggest that HIV-1 infection may promote a lipid imbalance in neural cells, resulting in an overproduction of ceramide and consequent cellular dysfunction and death...
  33. ncbi Evaluation of HIV RNA and markers of immune activation as predictors of HIV-associated dementia
    J J Sevigny
    Columbia University and The Taub Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Neurology 63:2084-90. 2004
    ....
  34. ncbi HIV-1 Tat inhibits neprilysin and elevates amyloid beta
    Hans C Rempel
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    AIDS 19:127-35. 2005
    ....
  35. ncbi CSF amyloid beta42 and tau levels correlate with AIDS dementia complex
    B J Brew
    Department of Neurology, St Vincent s Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
    Neurology 65:1490-2. 2005
    There is concern that AIDS dementia complex (ADC) may be complicated by Alzheimer disease (AD)...
  36. ncbi Nadir CD4 cell count predicts neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients
    Jose A Muñoz-Moreno
    Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:1301-7. 2008
    ..We found differences in neurocognitive functioning in relation to nadir CD4 count in HIV-infected patients. Attention should be given to this value in the management of neurocognitive protection in HIV infection...
  37. ncbi Unique monocyte subset in patients with AIDS dementia
    L Pulliam
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
    Lancet 349:692-5. 1997
    ..Blood monocytes probably cross the blood-brain barrier and give rise ultimately to parenchyma macrophages. We looked for a specific monocyte subset in AIDS patients with dementia...
  38. ncbi Neuropsychological test profile differences between young and old human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals
    Ned Sacktor
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    J Neurovirol 13:203-9. 2007
    ..These differences could be a result of advanced age itself or age-associated comorbidities such as coexisting cerebrovascular or neurodegenerative disease...
  39. ncbi Neurocognitive screening tools in HIV/AIDS: comparative performance among patients exposed to antiretroviral therapy
    S Skinner
    Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    HIV Med 10:246-52. 2009
    ..The aim of the study was to compare the performance of several bedside neuropsychological tools for detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in antiretroviral drug-exposed persons...
  40. ncbi HIV dementia: an evolving disease
    Justin C McArthur
    Johns Hopkins University HIV Neurosciences Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Neuroimmunol 157:3-10. 2004
    ..relating to HIV-dementia, including: (a) are there differing phenotypes or temporal patterns of progression in HIV-dementia? (b) what determines these temporal patterns? and (c), what has been the impact of therapy on HIV dementia?..
  41. ncbi Anti-CD45RO suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in microglia: role of Hck tyrosine kinase and implications for AIDS dementia
    Mee-Ohk Kim
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    J Virol 80:62-72. 2006
    ..alphaCD45RO-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 replication in microglia identifies the CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase as a potential therapeutic target for HIV-1 infection/AIDS dementia...
  42. ncbi HIV proviral DNA associated with decreased neuropsychological function
    Bruce Shiramizu
    University of Hawaii, John A Burns School of Medicine, Hawaii AIDS Clinical Research Program, 3675 Kilauea Avenue, Young Building, 5th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
    J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:157-63. 2007
    ..However, HIV DNA did not predict future changes in neuropsychological deficits. The data suggest that HIV DNA and neuropsychological deficits may co-vary over time...
  43. ncbi Effects of HIV-1 Vpr on neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis
    Roger J Pomerantz
    Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Infectious Disease and Environmental Medicine, Center for Human Virology and Biodefense, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
    DNA Cell Biol 23:227-38. 2004
    ..One of these proteins, the accessory HIV-1 protein Vpr, is a critical moiety in these studies, and will be discussed in this article...
  44. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA Levels in different regions of human brain: quantification using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
    Adarsh M Kumar
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
    J Neurovirol 13:210-24. 2007
    ..However, the highest concentration of viral RNA was found in the caudate nucleus and the lowest concentration in the frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid. The viral RNA was undetectable in all samples of HIV-negative individuals...
  45. ncbi Cross-talk between STAT1 and PI3K/AKT signaling in HIV-1-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction: role of CCR5 and implications for viral neuropathogenesis
    Bo Yang
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nerbraska, USA
    J Neurosci Res 88:3090-101. 2010
    ..These results suggest that the chemokine receptor CCR5 is partially involved in HIV-1 binding to HBMEC and show cross-talk between STAT1 and PI3K pathways in HIV-1-induced BBB dysfunction...
  46. ncbi HIV, antiretroviral therapies, and the brain
    Kevin J Liner
    Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7025, USA
    Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 7:85-91. 2010
    ....
  47. ncbi Memantine for AIDS dementia complex: open-label report of ACTG 301
    Yu Zhao
    Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    HIV Clin Trials 11:59-67. 2010
    ..To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of memantine use as treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment...
  48. ncbi Does highly active antiretroviral therapy improve neurocognitive function? A systematic review
    John A Joska
    Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
    J Neurovirol 16:101-14. 2010
    ..Studies examining the long-term effects of HAART on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) using uniform methods of data collection are needed, together with clear reporting of HAART regimens...
  49. ncbi NanoART, neuroAIDS and CNS drug delivery
    Ari Nowacek
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5880, USA
    Nanomedicine (Lond) 4:557-74. 2009
    ..This article focuses on how nanotechnology can serve to improve the delivery of antiretroviral medicines, termed nanoART, across the BBB and affect the biodistribution and clinical benefit for HIV-1 disease...
  50. ncbi Validity of the CogState brief battery: relationship to standardized tests and sensitivity to cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and AIDS dementia complex
    Paul Maruff
    CogState Ltd, 7 21 Victoria Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
    Arch Clin Neuropsychol 24:165-78. 2009
    ..of performance on the CogState tasks in groups of individuals with mild head injury, schizophrenia, and AIDS dementia complex. Each of these groups was impaired on the CogState performance measures (Cohen's d's = -.60 to -1...
  51. ncbi Interferon-alpha causes neuronal dysfunction in encephalitis
    ANDREW R SAS
    Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
    J Neurosci 29:3948-55. 2009
    ..Blocking IFNalpha could be important in improving cognitive and pathological developments in HAD patients and may be clinically important in other neuroinflammatory diseases as well...
  52. ncbi Reduced expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 and diffuse microglial activation in the cerebral cortex in AIDS cases with or without HIV encephalitis
    Hui Qin Xing
    Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:199-209. 2009
    ..The expression of EAAT-2 by activated microglia suggests that they might exert a compensatory effect that protects neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity...
  53. ncbi Combination antiretroviral therapy modulates the blood oxygen level-dependent amplitude in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients
    Beau M Ances
    Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
    J Neurovirol 14:418-24. 2008
    ..An increase in the BOLD fMRI response in HIV patients on low-CPE cART may reflect continued HIV replication in the CNS leading to increased oxidative stress and associated metabolic demands...
  54. ncbi Involvement of the p53 and p73 transcription factors in neuroAIDS
    Ruma Mukerjee
    Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
    Cell Cycle 7:2682-90. 2008
    ..This information will be valuable for the development of therapeutic agents that affect these pathways to protect CNS neurons and prevent HAD...
  55. ncbi Neurobiology of HIV
    Britta Hult
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
    Int Rev Psychiatry 20:3-13. 2008
    ..Given the variable success of the current HAART drugs against virus in the CNS, such therapies would greatly benefit the HIV infected population as they live longer and more productive lives...
  56. ncbi Up-regulation of MAP2e-expressing oligodendrocytes in the white matter of patients with HIV-1 encephalitis
    Melissa A Cosenza
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461, USA
    Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 28:480-8. 2002
    ..Our results demonstrate that MAP2e can serve as a marker of white matter damage in HIVE and support the notion that oligodendrocyte damage/repair occurs during HIV-1 infection...
  57. ncbi Highly active antiretroviral therapy reverses brain metabolite abnormalities in mild HIV dementia
    L Chang
    Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA
    Neurology 53:782-9. 1999
    ..To determine whether cerebral metabolite abnormalities normalize with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...
  58. ncbi Clinical and spectroscopic improvement in HIV-associated cognitive impairment
    B Stankoff
    , , and University Paris VI, France
    Neurology 56:112-5. 2001
    ..These clinical and metabolic abnormalities reversed partially on HAART, whereas they remained within normal limits in cognitively unimpaired patients...
  59. ncbi Gp120 activates children's brain endothelial cells via CD4
    M F Stins
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, California, USA
    J Neurovirol 7:125-34. 2001
    ..Gp120-induced monocyte migration was inhibited by anti-gp120 and anti-CD4 antibodies. This is the first demonstration that gp120 activates HBMEC via CD4, which may contribute to the development of HIV-1 encephalopathy in children...
  60. ncbi Independent evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations in diverse areas of the brain in HIV-infected patients, with and without dementia, on antiretroviral treatment
    Theresa K Smit
    Retroviral Genetics Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Darcy Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
    J Virol 78:10133-48. 2004
    b>AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients continues to be a problem in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...
  61. ncbi HIV-1 protein Tat induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving caspase activation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress
    I I Kruman
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
    Exp Neurol 154:276-88. 1998
    ..Agents that interupt this apoptotic cascade may prove beneficial in preventing neuronal degeneration and associated dementia in AIDS patients...
  62. ncbi HIV-associated cognitive impairment in sub-Saharan Africa--the potential effect of clade diversity
    Ned Sacktor
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Nat Clin Pract Neurol 3:436-43. 2007
    ..Further studies are needed to determine the true prevalence of HIV dementia in sub-Saharan Africa and to establish whether specific clade subtypes might influence the presentation of neurological complications...
  63. ncbi Tight junction regulation by morphine and HIV-1 tat modulates blood-brain barrier permeability
    Supriya D Mahajan
    Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Buffalo General Hospital, 301 Multi Research Bldg, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
    J Clin Immunol 28:528-41. 2008
    ..These studies may lead to the development of novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that target specific TJ proteins, thus preventing TJ disruption in opiate using HIV-1 patients...
  64. ncbi Acquired neuronal channelopathies in HIV-associated dementia
    Benjamin B Gelman
    Texas NeuroAIDS Research Center Department of Pathology, Rt 0785, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 0785, USA
    J Neuroimmunol 157:111-9. 2004
    ..The channelopathy concept may have wide relevance to the subcortical dementias...
  65. ncbi [Update on the neurological consequences of HIV-1 infection (2006)]
    M Tardieu
    Rev Neurol (Paris) 162:19-21. 2006
  66. ncbi Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in HIV-associated dementia
    N A C H Brabers
    Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
    Eur J Clin Invest 36:447-58. 2006
    ..In this paper the effect of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta on neuronal life and death in HAD is discussed...
  67. ncbi Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with HIV infection under 3 years of age
    C J Foster
    The Family Clinic, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
    Dev Med Child Neurol 48:677-82. 2006
    ....
  68. ncbi Mechanisms of neuronal injury and death in HIV-1 associated dementia
    Marcus Kaul
    Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Curr HIV Res 4:307-18. 2006
    ..This article will review recently identified injurious mechanisms potentially contributing to neuronal death in association with HIV-1 disease and discuss recent and prospective approaches for therapy and prevention of HAD...
  69. ncbi Mononuclear phagocyte immunity and the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
    Yuri Persidsky
    Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5215, USA
    J Leukoc Biol 74:691-701. 2003
    ..New therapeutic strategies are discussed based on current knowledge of HIV-1-associated dementia pathogenesis...
  70. ncbi HIV-1 tropism for the central nervous system: Brain-derived envelope glycoproteins with lower CD4 dependence and reduced sensitivity to a fusion inhibitor
    JULIO MARTIN-GARCIA
    Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Virology 346:169-79. 2006
    ..Interestingly, we note the presence of envelopes more resistant to a fusion inhibitor in the brain of an untreated, HIV-1-infected individual...
  71. ncbi The signaling and apoptotic effects of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in HIV-1 associated dementia
    Y Huang
    The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology at the Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
    Neurotox Res 8:135-48. 2005
    ..In this review, we summarize the pivotal role of TRAIL in HAD and TRAIL-initiated intracellular death cascades that culminate in neuronal apoptosis as observed in HAD...
  72. ncbi Transendothelial migration of monocytes: the underlying molecular mechanisms and consequences of HIV-1 infection
    Clare L V Maslin
    AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Research Program, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
    Curr HIV Res 3:303-17. 2005
    ..This review provides insights into the most recent studies on the process of monocyte migration across the vascular endothelium, and changes in migration that can occur during HIV-infection...
  73. ncbi Severe HIV-1 encephalitis and development of cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with persistent strong HIV-1 replication in the brain despite potent HAART -- case report and review of the literature
    Michael Baeuerle
    Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Krankenhausstr 12, D 91054 Erlangen, Germany
    Eur J Med Res 10:309-16. 2005
    ..These patients require the development of new drugs that achieve a better penetration into the brain...
  74. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade A and D neurotropism: molecular evolution, recombination, and coreceptor use
    K Zhang
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
    Virology 283:19-30. 2001
    ....
  75. ncbi Neurocognitive functioning in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection: effects of combined therapy
    Manisha C Shanbhag
    Division of General Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
    Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159:651-6. 2005
    ....
  76. ncbi Cell death mechanisms in HIV-associated dementia: the involvement of syncytia
    R Nardacci
    National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
    Cell Death Differ 12:855-8. 2005
  77. ncbi Immunodetection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr in brain tissue of HIV-1 encephalitic patients
    Elizabeth D A Wheeler
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
    J Neurovirol 12:200-10. 2006
    ..These results for the first time show the presence of Vpr in vivo and further support the role of Vpr in neuropathogenesis...
  78. ncbi HIV pharmacology: barriers to the eradication of HIV from the CNS
    Bryan McGee
    Drug Research Unit, University of California-San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    HIV Clin Trials 7:142-53. 2006
    ....
  79. ncbi HIV-1 infection of neurons might account for progressive HIV-1-associated encephalopathy in children
    Carmen Cantó-Nogués
    Lab Inmuno Biología Molecular y, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
    J Mol Neurosci 27:79-89. 2005
    ..These results provide initial evidence that HIV-1 can actively infect neurons in vivo in children and show a cortical involvement of HIV brain infection in clear correlation with the clinical EP symptoms...
  80. ncbi Bioinformatic prediction programs underestimate the frequency of CXCR4 usage by R5X4 HIV type 1 in brain and other tissues
    Megan E Mefford
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:1215-20. 2008
    ..These results demonstrate that most predictive algorithms underestimate the frequency of R5X4 HIV-1 in brain and other tissues. SVM(geno2pheno) is the most accurate predictor of CXCR4 usage by R5X4 HIV-1...
  81. ncbi Varied tropism of HIV-1 isolates derived from different regions of adult brain cortex discriminate between patients with and without AIDS dementia complex (ADC): evidence for neurotropic HIV variants
    T K Smit
    Retroviral Genetics Laboratory, Room 3025, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
    Virology 279:509-26. 2001
    A number of infected individuals develop neuropathological disorders, such as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), as a consequence of HIV/AIDS...
  82. ncbi HIV/gp120 decreases adult neural progenitor cell proliferation via checkpoint kinase-mediated cell-cycle withdrawal and G1 arrest
    Shu ichi Okamoto
    Center for Neuroscience, Stem Cells, and Aging, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Cell Stem Cell 1:230-6. 2007
    ..Our findings define a molecular mechanism that compromises adult neurogenesis in this neurodegenerative disorder...
  83. ncbi Antiretroviral treatment is associated with increased attentional load-dependent brain activation in HIV patients
    L Chang
    Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, The Queen s Medical Center University Tower, 1356 Lusitana Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
    J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3:95-104. 2008
    ....
  84. ncbi Cognitive dysfunction in HIV encephalitic SCID mice correlates with levels of Interferon-alpha in the brain
    ANDREW R SAS
    Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA
    AIDS 21:2151-9. 2007
    ..Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) is an antiviral cytokine produced in response to viral infection. IFNalpha also acts as a neuromodulatory molecule in the central nervous system (CNS). Elevated IFNalpha in the CNS causes cognitive deficits...
  85. ncbi Antiretroviral treatment reduces increased CSF neurofilament protein (NFL) in HIV-1 infection
    A Mellgren
    Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Sodra Alvsborgs sjukhus, Boras, Sweden
    Neurology 69:1536-41. 2007
    ..in CSF provide a marker of CNS injury in several neurodegenerative disorders and have been reported in the AIDS dementia complex (ADC)...
  86. ncbi Changing patterns of clinical events in perinatally HIV-1-infected children during the era of HAART
    Elena Chiappini
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Via Luca Giordano 13, I 50132 Florence, Italy
    AIDS 21:1607-15. 2007
    ..The introduction of HAART has decreased mortality and progression to AIDS in perinatally HIV-1-infected children, but information on modification of the rate of specific clinical events is limited...
  87. ncbi Intrathecal viral replication and cerebral deficits in different stages of human immunodeficiency virus disease
    Gabriele Arendt
    Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dusseldorf UKD, Dusseldorf, Germany
    J Neurovirol 13:225-32. 2007
    ..Lumbar puncture should be performed in all positive patients to identify members of this subgroup and to ascertain what characteristic factors they have in common in order to improve therapy...
  88. ncbi NeuroAIDS in Brazil
    Ronald J Ellis
    Department of Neurosciences, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92103, USA
    J Neurovirol 13:89-96. 2007
    ..Topics addressed ranged from clinical neurobehavioral aspects to molecular biology. Experts attending the meeting considered fruitful directions for future research...
  89. ncbi HIV-1 envelope gp120 alters astrocytes in human brain cultures
    L Pulliam
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 9:439-44. 1993
    ..We hypothesize that AIDS dementia may partially involve a perturbation of astrocyte function by gp120 that could indirectly impair neuronal function...
  90. ncbi HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages affect the human brain microvascular endothelial cell proteome: new insights into blood-brain barrier dysfunction for HIV-1-associated dementia
    Mary Ricardo-Dukelow
    Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5215, USA
    J Neuroimmunol 185:37-46. 2007
    ..Results were validated by Western blot analysis. We conclude that HIV-1-infected MDM affect the HBMEC proteome and, in this way, affect BBB dysfunction and the development of HIV-1 CNS disease...
  91. ncbi Macrophage entry mediated by HIV Envs from brain and lymphoid tissues is determined by the capacity to use low CD4 levels and overall efficiency of fusion
    Elaine R Thomas
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Virology 360:105-19. 2007
    ....
  92. ncbi Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric HIV
    Elizabeth J Willen
    Mailman Center for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
    Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 12:223-8. 2006
    ..Intervention issues and directions for future research are also discussed...
  93. ncbi HIV-1 encephalopathy among perinatally infected children: Neuropathogenesis and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    Charles D Mitchell
    Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
    Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 12:216-22. 2006
    ..This paper will review what published data there is as yet that bears on this question...
  94. ncbi Lack of association of HIV-1 biological or molecular properties with neurotropism for brain cells
    Susana Alvarez
    Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, , 28807 Madrid, Spain
    J Mol Neurosci 29:131-44. 2006
    ..Our results failed to show a particular phenotypic property of the HIV-1 virus that might explain its neurovirulence and/or neurotropism...
  95. ncbi Biological analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 envelopes amplified from brain and lymph node tissues of AIDS patients with neuropathology reveals two distinct tropism phenotypes and identifies envelopes in the brain that confer an enhanced
    Paul J Peters
    Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605, USA
    J Virol 78:6915-26. 2004
    ..These envelopes are able to infect cells that express low levels of CD4 and/or CCR5 and may have adapted for replication in brain macrophages and microglia, which are known to express limited amounts of CD4...
  96. ncbi Increased CCR5 affinity and reduced CCR5/CD4 dependence of a neurovirulent primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate
    Paul R Gorry
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Virol 76:6277-92. 2002
    ....
  97. ncbi [Treatment of HIV infection from the neurologic viewpoint. Therapy must reach the brain]
    H J von Giesen
    Neurologische Klinik des Universitätsklinikums, Heinrich Heine Universitat Dusseldorf
    MMW Fortschr Med 144:46-50. 2002
    ..Side effects of HAART on the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as interactions with known neurological medicaments must be taken into account...
  98. ncbi Mitochondrial glutaminase enhances extracellular glutamate production in HIV-1-infected macrophages: linkage to HIV-1 associated dementia
    Jianxing Zhao
    Laboratory of Neurotoxicology at the Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5215, USA
    J Neurochem 88:169-80. 2004
    ..These findings implicate the involvement of a glutamate-generating enzyme, such as phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (PMG) in MP-mediated glutamate production...
  99. ncbi HIV-1/AIDS neuropathology in a Canadian teaching centre
    Kimberley Walsh
    Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada
    Can J Neurol Sci 31:235-41. 2004
    ..The incidence of HIV-1 associated dementia was similar to that reported previously. This study confirms the heavy burden and wide spectrum of disease experienced by the nervous system in HIV-1/AIDS...
  100. ncbi Human brain parenchymal microglia express CD14 and CD45 and are productively infected by HIV-1 in HIV-1 encephalitis
    Melissa A Cosenza
    Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    Brain Pathol 12:442-55. 2002
    ..Because productively infected tissue macrophages serve as the major viral reservoir, these findings have important implications for AIDS...
  101. ncbi Productive HIV-2 infection in the brain is restricted to macrophages/microglia
    Andreas Mörner
    Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, UK
    AIDS 17:1451-5. 2003
    ..The aim of this study was to detect productive HIV-2 infection in the brain and investigate whether HIV-2 has an expanded tropism for brain cells in vivo, in comparison with HIV-1, which productively infects macrophages/microglia...

Research Grants66

  1. Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis in the Rhesus Monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..burgdorferi and lipoprotein in inflammation and neurodegeneration, specifically, the expression and involvement of pertinent TLR in mediating cytokine production and apoptosis in the different cell combinations. ..
  2. HEROIN AIDS ENCEPHALOPATHY--NEUROPATHOGENESIS MECHANISMS
    Madhavan Nair; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Further studies will elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the immuno- and neuropathogenic effects of heroin use in HIV-l infection, and may yield novel therapies for the treatment of heroin using, HIV-infected patients. ..
  3. MOLECULAR STUDIES OF BRAIN NMDA RECEPTORS
    R Suzanne Zukin; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Findings from these studies are expected to aid in the development of new strategies for intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. ..
  4. Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis in the rhesus monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  5. Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis in the rhesus monkey
    MARIO PHILIPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  6. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STRATEGIES TARGETING THE HIV SANC
    Bradley Anderson; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..HlV disease may suffer a persistent and disabling loss of cognitive and motor function referred to as AIDS dementia complex. HIV induced CNS dysfunction occurs with especially high frequency in HIV infected children, with 88% ..
  7. Improving the CNS Delivery of Anti-retroviral Compounds
    WILLIAM ELMQUIST; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..HIV-1) renders the host susceptible to a variety of serious central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as AIDS dementia complex and HIV-1 encephalopathy...
  8. Gene Therapy of AIDS Dementia
    Roger Pomerantz; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..b>AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a collective term to describe AIDS-related cognitive dysfunction, motor difficulties, ..
  9. MECHANISM OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
    Mohan Sopori; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..b>AIDS dementia complex, and transmission of HIV-1 from mother to the offspring...