ocular motility disorders

..SSI may result from simultaneous dysfunctions: 1) a transient loss of accurate retinal-error information and/or sampled, reconstructed error; plus 2) a constant sampled, reconstructed retinal error that drives saccades...

..To document the phenotype and determine the genotype of a child with synergistic convergence...

..Forty percent of patients with DBN are classified as having idiopathic DBN, because no underlying pathology can be demonstrated by conventional MRI or laboratory tests...

..Malfunction of Purkinje cells in the dorsal vermis, which inhibit the FOR, may cause opsoclonus by disinhibiting it...

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..This study extends the molecular spectrum of the ROBO3 gene and the geographic origin of patients with ROBO3 gene mutations, and underlines the homogeneity of the motor ocular syndrome whatever type of mutation is encountered...

..We aim to define diagnostic yield for neuroimaging of third nerve palsy (TNP) by degree of internal and external dysfunction using previously published imaging guidelines...

..Our simulations suggest that alterations in membrane properties that lead to an increase in PIR, a reduction in external glycinergic inhibition, or both can cause saccadic oscillations...

..Finally, anticonvulsants like carbamazepine are the drugs of choice for disorders involving a nerve-blood vessel contact that induces symptoms of vestibular paroxysmia or superior oblique myokymia...

..More comprehensive examinations of parents and siblings of HGPPS patients are required to determine if the incidence of scoliosis in individuals harbouring heterozygous ROBO3 mutations is greater than in the general population...

..We screened for CHN1 mutations in patients with various congenital ocular motility disorders.

..Pyramidal tract signs also emerged in the course of the disease in two patients. This combination of symptoms and biochemical findings suggests a unique pathogenic mechanism...

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..It has been associated with ocular and oculomotor abnormalities. The aim of our study was to extend the ophthalmic knowledge in JS and to add new findings...

..To compare vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil push-ups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children 9 to 18 years of age...

..The goal of the study was to quantify the eye movement abnormalities that occur in Joubert syndrome...

..Moreover, we show that twitch twice mutants exhibit normal visual acuity but display defects in horizontal eye movements, suggesting a specific and critical role for twitch twice/robo3 in sensory-guided behavior...

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..Postoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic in all diagnostic gaze positions...

..Although there is evidence for uncrossed cuneatal and corticospinal tracts in HGPPS, it is unclear whether other central nervous system pathways are involved...

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..To investigate whether orthoptic exercises are an effective way to influence the near point of convergence, fusion range and asthenopic symptoms...

..Nevertheless, the hypothesis of a developmental abnormality of midline structures extended to the supratentorial compartment is rather attractive...

..Little is known about stroke mechanisms in patients with fluctuating symptoms and the role of branch atherosclerotic disease...

..Treatment status confounds the classification of neuropsychiatric status and should be taken into account when categorizing these patients...

..To compare base-in prism reading glasses with placebo reading glasses for the treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) in children aged 9 to <18 years...

..Computerized search using Medline did not reveal any such previously reported association...

..We report a case of Joubert syndrome diagnosed prenatally using fetal MRI. We also discuss the etiology of Joubert syndrome in view of the recent genetic advances and murine models of cerebellar dysgenesis...

..The objective of the current study is to describe the ophthalmic phenotype in a cohort of patients with Joubert syndrome for whom the diagnosis was made using current diagnostic criteria...

..This rare disease is of particular interest because the absence, or at least reduction, of crossing of the ascending lemniscal and descending corticospinal tracts in the medulla predicts abnormal ipsilateral sensory and motor systems...

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..To study the effectiveness of pencil pushups treatment (PPT) for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in a clinical situation...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the care process for Cl by surveying eyecare professionals regarding the most common treatment modalities used by both optometrists and ophthalmologists across the United States...

..Future directions of research with this rare disorder are suggested...

..We propose a revision in diagnostic criteria for Joubert syndrome...

..A better understanding of the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of Joubert syndrome should help uncover the genetic basis for the syndrome...

..Implant-orbital disproportion can produce a pseudo-Brown's syndrome. Surgeons are encouraged to perform forced duction testing at the time of glaucoma implant placement to detect and prevent this complication...

..The study also evaluates the associated symptoms before and after therapy...

..One patient with mutation displayed complete situs inversus, confirming the clinical and genetic overlap between JSRDs and other ciliopathies...

..The latter could explain certain clinical features of the syndrome, including episodic hyperpnea and oculomotor apraxia...

..Dr Kenneth Wright has introduced a procedure of superior oblique muscle tenotomy with a silicone expander to reduce the incidence of overcorrection...

..There was no difference in its rate of co-occurrence with neglect between right- and nonright-handed patients...

..Most of these disorders are related to immunologic mechanisms presumably triggered by the neoplastic expression of neuronal proteins. Accurate recognition is essential to appropriate management...

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..Weakening surgery on the medial rectus muscle did not eliminate the synergistic movement. The mechanism responsible for the abducens-oculomotor synkinesis is discussed...

..We describe the results of reexploration and myectomy of the IO muscle using a standard inferotemporal approach to treat this clinical entity...

..To describe the clinical features, etiology, and management of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome...

..To report a case of traumatic tear of the inferior rectus muscle treated with inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT)...

..In such cases, IO muscle weakening yields better results than contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, even though there is no significant IO muscle overaction preoperatively...

..It is also suggested that microsaccadic skills of CP children is an identifiable factor compounding the adverse effects of mental retardation on reading skills...

..CONCLUSIONS: In both patients with CFEOM and synergistic divergence, the oculomotor nerve was hypoplastic bilaterally, and the abducens nerve was absent on the side exhibiting synergistic divergence...

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..Difficulties in both voluntary and reflexive control shifts of visual attention from near to far distance in dyslexics could be at the origin of these findings...

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..The excessive accumulation of copper in the brain induces an extrapyramidal syndrome. Oculomotor abnormalities occur in most extrapyramidal disorders but have rarely been studied in Wilson's disease...

..This study reviews the clinical findings, radiologic findings and interpretations, preoperative and postoperative ocular motility, and outcomes in this subset of orbital fracture patients treated with early surgical repair...

..In a study of the clinical and imaging features of four patients with WEBINO, we found that that three of four lesions involved the midbrain but not necessarily the medial rectus subnuclei...

..To review the role played by the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in ocular motor physiology and to characterize a number of syndromes that result from lesions in this eloquent brainstem tract system...

..Esotropia and reduced saccadic velocities have been reported in the dominant form of MC. We report two cases in which orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging showed extraocular muscle hypertrophy...

..We present a case with bilateral hypoplasia of the inferior rectus muscle with an accessory extraocular muscle in association with globe retraction and lambda-pattern exodeviation...

..After a drug holiday, memantine therapy was initiated resulting in a substantial improvement in her symptoms with far fewer side effects and stability on long-term maintenance therapy...

..The prevalence of square wave jerks is high in children and adolescents. This finding may be a feature of the less mature brain, and may reflect an inability to suppress unwanted supranuclear triggers for saccades...

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..To the best of our knowledge, there is only one partially similar case in the literature with coexistence of congenitally fibrotic superior rectus and superior oblique muscles, and the features of that case differ from those of our case...

..Active intervention should be considered when deviations become stable. To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of botulinum toxin in such patients...

..Because 11 of our patients initially were classified as having other malformations, the syndrome of BFPP appears to be more common than previously recognized and may be frequently misdiagnosed...

..We describe two cases of orbital trapdoor fractures with medial rectus muscle incarceration...

..To analyze the causes and long-term clinical outcome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in a consecutive series of 65 patients...

..To understand the clinical significance of subjective and objective examination of cyclodeviations and investigate the effect of weakening inferior oblique muscles on the status of ocular torsion...

..There are only a few reports on the treatment of this problem in the literature. Patients with Parinaud's syndrome may also have retraction nystagmus and convergence on attempted upgaze that further complicates the treatment...

..There have been cases associated with neurological misdevelopment, systemic diseases, metabolic deficits and chromosomic abnormalities...

..To clarify in which cases of blow-out fractures ocular motility will naturally recover...

..The use of a large-segment (10- to 12-mm) band seems to be an appropriate choice when dealing with patients having primary-position hypotropia > 20 prism diopters...

..Awareness of this condition, which leads to early diagnosis and institution of prompt medical treatment, results in a successful clinical outcome...

..Muscimol infusion into the caudal flocculus did not induce consistent effects on ocular torsion. CONCLUSION: The cerebellar flocculus plays a key role in the maintenance of torsional eye position...

..Eye movements can be used for bedside diagnostic purposes, but also for sophisticated laboratory studies designed to explore the universe of cognition...

..Thus, only the abnormally high incidence of fragmentation, and of the associated amplitude reduction of the primary saccades, rather than the phenomenon per se, can be used as a diagnostic criterion in early stages of PD...

..The results support a crucial role of the fastigial nucleus in opsoclonus...

..Our findings suggest that delayed development of the trochlea may be a possible cause of Brown's syndrome...

..To report our experience with extraocular myocysticercosis, to highlight the role of ultrasound and orbital computerized tomography (CT) scan in these cases and to discuss the management...

..In addition to being an unusual finding in the clinical setting of PSP, this phenomenon has interesting implications for the functional control of conjugate horizontal gaze...

..To report antielevation syndrome with restriction of elevation on abduction in the operated eye and overaction (OA) of the inferior oblique muscle (IO) of the contralateral eye after unilateral IO anteriorization (AT)...

..The results show that visual reflexes are often disturbed in Parkinson's disease and suggest the possibility that subcortical neurons, not thalamus are engaged in reflex eye movements...

..SO posterior tenectomy moderately weakens abduction and depression while preserving most of the torsional action of the SO muscle...

..To evaluate the outcomes of surgery for Brown syndrome...

..Oral treatment was prescribed. MRI revealed a collapsed cyst. Ocular motility improved, but levoelevation diplopia persisted...

..The findings suggest that cognitive scaffolds can ameliorate at least some of the inhibition deficits in adolescents with ADHD...

..There was no evidence of ocular myasthenia, indicating that abnormalities of ocular motor function can occur as a primary manifestation of SPS, perhaps from depletion of GABA...

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..Management in Brown syndrome should be tailored to the pathophysiology of the individual patient...

..causal relationship between the organization of MyHC isoforms and the behavior of these atypical muscles and to establish a rationale for alternative surgical and pharmacological therapies of ocular motility disorders.

..The proposed project is a collaborative effort--involving clinical scientists studying schizophrenia pathophysiology and basic scientists studying motion perception and eye movements. ..

..An overall knowledge of the properties and regulation of the EOM sarcolemma will be important for understanding and treating ocular motility disorders in myasthenia gravis, congenital fibrosis of EOM, and strabismus.

..This understanding is necessary for the diagnosis and management of ocular-motility disorders. ..

..knowledge of EOM properties and adaptive/maladaptive responses in disease will provide a mechanistic understanding of ocular motility disorders that occur in isolation from or in conjunction with those of other skeletal muscles.

..It includes the budget for the Study Chair's office, revised budgets for the clinical centers, the results of pilot studies funded by an NEI Clinical Trial Planning Grant, and the CITT Manual of Procedures. ..

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..In addition to PCO, the other clinical centers are located at Colleges of Optometry in Boston, Houston, and Birmingham, with the Study Chair in Boston and the Coordinating Center at Stony Brook. ..

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..This project aims to identify genes and gene products associated with one of these core deficits called eyetracking abnormality in schizophrenia so that drugs can be developed to treat these core physiological and cognitive deficits. ..

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..Clinical information, electrophysiological and cognitive measures will be collected and compared among the groups using standard family case control analytic procedures. ..

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..Other neurocognitive measures will be compared in these four groups. And we will explore the ability of eye tracking measures alone, cognitive measures alone and the measures in combination in accurately predicting relative status. ..

..We plan to use the preliminary data collected from this grant support to guide our full-scale search for phenotypic markers specifically associated with the liability for deficit schizophrenia and subsequent molecular genetic studies. ..

..Insights gained from the study will lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of familial episodic ataxia and the more common episodic vertigo syndromes. ..

..Trainees will consist of optometry students who have just completed either their first or second professional years, and have done well academically (3.5 gpa or better). All will have an undergraduate degree, generally in the sciences. ..

..Understanding this machinery may suggest routes to therapy for a large range of sporadic and hereditary neurodegenerative diseases that occur as we age. ..

..This grant will explore the basis of SCA3 in order that we can ultimately develop therapies for this fatal disease based on a better understanding of disease mechanisms. ..

..Aim 3: Define the cellular consequences of the R954W amino acid substitution on the developing and mature ocular motor axis in mice. Aim 4: Identify KIF21A protein binding partners. ..

..And (5) Initiating structural and functional characterization of the horizontal CCDD genes and their protein products. ..

..And (5) Initiating structural and functional characterization of the horizontal CCDD genes and their protein products. ..

..Aim 3: Define the cellular consequences of the R954W amino acid substitution on the developing and mature ocular motor axis in mice. Aim 4: Identify KIF21A protein binding partners. ..

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..In this regard, it will be especially important to refine stimulus conditions to the point where measurement error is reduced as much as is practically feasible, a goal toward which we will aspire with our proposed research. ..

..S. The Study Chair is located at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry and the national Data Coordinating Center is located at The Ohio State University Optometry Coordinating Center. ..

..They may also shed light on the role of protein quality control, and particularly of de-ubiquitinating enzymes, in age-related neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation. ..

..Acquire the training, mentoring and experience necessary to conduct independent, funded clinical research in ophthalmologic and neurological disorders Obtain a Masters Degree in Public Health/Clinical Investigator track ..

..Understanding the anatomical and molecular basis of HGPPS will provide insight into the genetically programmed neurodevelopment of the conjugate horizontal gaze center and other cranial nuclei in the brainstem. ..

..These data will be invaluable to our understanding of the developmental roles of these genes, and should also contribute to improved therapy of the fibrosis syndromes. ..

..In addition to TOSUCO, there are 8 other optometric/ophthalmologic clinic sites across the U.S., Study Chair (Philadelphia) and the national Coordinating Center (also located at TOSUCO). ..

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..In addition, dysfunction of left auditory cortex impedes proper inter-hemispheric communication, which interferes with the ability to generate normal recognition-type responses measured during oddball-type paradigms. ..

..The further relevance of this work to the more common basilar migraine and Meniere's syndrome is emphasized by the overlapping symptoms of vertigo and ataxia in the group of patients that we propose to study. ..