ovarian neoplasms

..The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers...

..tissue by retrograde menstruation, it is reasonable to assume that the endometrium is the source of these ovarian neoplasms. Finally, preliminary data suggest that mucinous and transitional (Brenner) tumors arise from transitional-..

..Angiogenesis plays a role in the biology of ovarian cancer. We examined the effect of bevacizumab, the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, on survival in women with this disease...

..Based on these findings, we assert that epithelial ovarian cancers derive from a subpopulation of CD44(+)CD117(+) cells, thus representing a possible therapeutic target for this devastating disease...

..Identification of BRCA1 should facilitate early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in some individuals as well as a better understanding of breast cancer biology...

..Our results indicate that miRNAs might play a role in the pathogenesis of human EOC and identify altered miRNA gene methylation as a possible epigenetic mechanism involved in their aberrant expression...

..This specific recruitment of T(reg) cells represents a mechanism by which tumors may foster immune privilege. Thus, blocking T(reg) cell migration or function may help to defeat human cancer...

..Bevacizumab, a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, has shown single-agent activity in women with recurrent tumors. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the addition of bevacizumab to standard front-line therapy...

..The study aim to identify novel molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer by gene expression profiling with linkage to clinical and pathologic features...

..Ovarian clear-cell and endometrioid carcinomas may arise from endometriosis, but the molecular events involved in this transformation have not been described...

..Although tumor-infiltrating T cells have been documented in ovarian carcinoma, a clear association with clinical outcome has not been established...

..These findings indicate that deregulation of miRNAs is a recurrent event in human ovarian cancer and that miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance primarily through targeting the PTEN/Akt pathway...

..In a total of 42 OCCCs, 7% had mutations in PPP2R1A and 57% had mutations in ARID1A. These results suggest that aberrant chromatin remodeling contributes to the pathogenesis of OCCC...

..These findings support the notion that copy number alterations of miRNAs and their regulatory genes are highly prevalent in cancer and may account partly for the frequent miRNA gene deregulation reported in several tumor types...

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..Nine major recommendations are outlined in this Opinion article...

..If this concept is confirmed, it leads to the conclusion that the only true primary ovarian neoplasms are gonadal stromal and germ cell tumors analogous to testicular tumors...

..We conclude that intraepithelial CD8+ TILs and a high CD8+/Treg ratio are associated with favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer...

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..We assessed the expression of microRNA and the association between microRNA expression and the prognosis of serous ovarian carcinoma...

..The impact of germ-line mutation on response requires further investigation to understand its impact on treatment planning and clinical trial design...

..Taken together, our data suggest that MSCs in the ovarian tumor microenvironment have an expression profile that promotes tumorigenesis and that BMP inhibition may be an effective therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer...

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..The identification and cloning of human OCSCs can aid in the development of better therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer patients...

..In the future, individualized therapy must incorporate analysis of the stem cell-like subpopulation of ovarian cancer cells when designing therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer patients...

..Lifetime risks of ovarian cancer were 54% for BRCA1 and 23% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Physical exercise and lack of obesity in adolescence were associated with significantly delayed breast cancer onset...

..This model of carcinogenesis reconciles the relationship of borderline tumors to invasive carcinoma and provides a morphological and molecular framework for studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer...

..These findings suggest a model in which homologous recombination repair deficiency initiates a cascade of molecular events that sculpt the evolution of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and dictate its response to therapy...

..Taken together, these results show the existence of a novel mechanism by which p53 suppresses such critical components of neoplastic growth as cell proliferation and adhesion-independent colony formation...

..Here, I examine what is known about the biological functions of the BRCA proteins and ask how their disruption can induce susceptibility to specific types of cancer...

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..We undertook an international collaborative study to assess the association between endometriosis and histological subtypes of ovarian cancer...

..However, whether these populations are more capable of surviving chemotherapy in de novo tumors is unknown...

..This study thus provides scientific and clinical rationale for developing novel immune-boosting strategies based on promoting the Th17 cell population in cancer patients...

..However, clinical testing methods with high sensitivity for deleterious mutations in these genes also detect many unclassified variants, primarily missense substitutions...

..To determine the utility of serum miRNAs as biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer...

..These results provide the first unambiguous evidence of highly penetrant mutations associated with human cancer in a RAD51 paralog and support the 'common disease, rare allele' hypothesis...

..Linking pathway deregulation with sensitivity to therapeutics that target components of the pathway provides an opportunity to make use of these oncogenic pathway signatures to guide the use of targeted therapeutics...

..As a novel cancer stem cell marker, ALDH1 can be used for tumors whose corresponding normal tissues express ALDH1 in relatively restricted or limited levels such as breast, lung, ovarian or colon cancer...

..Early detection of ovarian cancer has great promise to improve clinical outcome...

..To evaluate the relative effect of percent maximal cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic variables on survival among cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy...

..We studied Dicer and Drosha, components of the RNA-interference machinery, in ovarian cancer...

..Because TP53 mutation is almost invariably present in HGPSC, it is not of substantial prognostic or predictive significance...

..A recent article suggested that BRCA2-related EOC was associated with an improved prognosis, but the effect of BRCA1 remains unclear...

..Inactivation of genes associated with DNA damage repair underlies responses to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Here we review these recent developments...

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..Thus, we conducted a noninferiority trial of cisplatin and paclitaxel versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in this population...

..The Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted a randomized, phase 3 trial that compared intravenous paclitaxel plus cisplatin with intravenous paclitaxel plus intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with stage III ovarian cancer...

..We examined variation in biomarker expression rates between subtypes, and how this influences correlations between biomarker expression and stage at diagnosis or prognosis...

..There are several suggested origins of the TAF including tissue-resident, circulating, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transitioned cells...

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..Moreover, we show that cells deficient in RAD51D are sensitive to treatment with a PARP inhibitor, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach for cancers arising in RAD51D mutation carriers...

..These observations provide evidence for the contribution of regulatory T cells to immune dysfunction in cancer patients...

..We profiled miRNA expression in stage I EOC tumours to assess whether there is a miRNA signature associated with overall and progression-free survival (PFS) in stage I EOC...

..A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this drug resistance should allow treatment to be optimized, so that substantial improvements in the outlook for women with this disease can be achieved...

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..Taken together, our findings define ALDH and CD133 as a functionally significant set of markers to identify ovarian CSCs...

..This enzyme may be important for identification and targeting of chemoresistant cell populations in ovarian cancer...

..We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of olaparib for treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations...

..The use of a combination of ALDH1 with other stem cell markers may help define ovarian cancer stem cells more stringently...

..Therefore, our results suggest that miRNAs may offer new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in epithelial ovarian cancer...

..As such, EZH2 is an important target for anticancer drug development...

..Tumors actively release exosomes into the peripheral circulation and we now demonstrate the association of microRNAs with circulating tumor-derived exosomes...

..Clinical genetic testing is currently done gene by gene, with each test costing thousands of dollars. In contrast, massively parallel sequencing allows such testing for many genes simultaneously at low cost...

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..5% of all ovarian cancers and 45% of the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. Our study is the first direct evidence that PIK3CA is an oncogene in ovarian cancer and greatly extends recent findings in breast cancer...

..Our data indicate that CD133 expression defines a NOD/SCID tumor initiating subpopulation of cells in human ovarian cancer that may be an important target for new chemotherapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer...

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..This work was aimed to identify selected microRNAs involved in the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer...

..Analysis of HOXD1, MYC, TIPARP and SKAP1 at these loci and of BNC2 at 9p22 supports a functional role for these genes in ovarian cancer development...

..The present study is aimed to identify genetic pathways correlated with chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)...

..Mutation carriers are at risk for nonepithelial ovarian tumors, notably sex cord-stromal tumors...

..These findings will have important clinical applications for developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat ovarian cancer...

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..Platinum-based chemotherapy responses correlate with HR DNA repair capacity. Olaparib is a potent, oral PARP inhibitor that is well tolerated, with antitumor activity in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers...

..Because elevated CA125 levels occur in many benign gynecologic conditions, we set out to identify other novel biomarkers that would increase the sensitivity and specificity of CA125...

..The variation in risk by age at diagnosis of index case is consistent with the effects of other genes modifying cancer risk in carriers...

..Political will and advocacy to invest in healthcare infrastructure and human resources to improve service delivery and accessibility are vital to reduce the current burden in low- and medium-resource countries...

..We analyze here the most comprehensive gene expression and copy number data sets, to date, to identify potential therapeutic targets of OCCA...

..Such penetrance has been investigated by studies worldwide. The reported estimates vary. To facilitate clinical management and counseling of the at-risk population, we address this issue through a meta-analysis...

..Increased MAGP2 expression correlated with microvessel density suggesting a proangiogenic role in vivo. Thus, MAGP2 may serve as a survival-associated target...

..The apparent restriction of these BRAF and KRAS mutations to low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and its precursors suggests that low-grade and high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas develop through independent pathways...

..To evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of single-agent monoclonal antibody therapy targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu receptor in ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma...

..We propose the molecular targeting of distinct 'EMT transformed cancer stem-like cells' and suggest ways that may improve the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimens much needed for the management of this disease...

..In addition, we provide new evidence that links TLR-4 signaling, inflammation, and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells...

..There is no agreed second-line treatment at relapse. We assessed paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy as such treatment...

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..82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.86, P(trend) = 5.1 x 10(-19)). The association differs by histological subtype, being strongest for serous ovarian cancers (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.73-0.81, P(trend) = 4.1 x 10(-21))...

..This review provides an update on the pathogenesis and clinicopathologic features of these 2 types of serous carcinomas and addresses some of the diagnostic problems that are encountered in routine practice...

..Expression analysis of candidate genes at this locus in ovarian tumors supported a role for the BRCA1-interacting gene C19orf62, also known as MERIT40, which contains rs8170, in EOC development...

..ORper-allele 1.14 (1.04-1.24) p=0.003]. Our study adds to the growing evidence that, like the 8q24 locus, the telomerase reverse transcriptase locus at 5p15.33, is a general cancer susceptibility locus...

..To define a gene expression profile of BRCAness that correlates with chemotherapy response and outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)...

..We sought to compare the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) to the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) to predict epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in women with a pelvic mass...

..Our aim is to identify a progression-free survival (PFS)-related molecular profile for predicting survival of patients with advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer...

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..Our findings support the notion that FGF9 is a key factor contributing to the cancer phenotype of OEAs carrying Wnt/beta-catenin pathway defects...

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..We conducted a phase II trial to assess the efficacy and tolerability of single-agent bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody...

..the optimal dose for DB[a,l]P to induce ovarian cancer more specifically, and c. the effect of DB[a,l]P on molecular markers which are important in human ovarian cancer development. ..

..the risk of ovarian cancer and/or to avoid possible morbidities and future surgery related to benign ovarian neoplasms, endometriosis, and pelvic pain...

..Aim 3: Determine the efficacy of HuR-TfNPs treatment in combination with small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. The outcome of our studies will result in advanced preclinical testing and translation to the clinic. ..

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..In addition to the technology development and clinical translation, another aim of the project is to develop and test targeted contrast agents that provide safer and more effective in vivo identification of ovarian cancer. ..

..Based on Studies 2 and 3, Study 4 will validate ovary cancer markers and screening decision rules in an independent set of WHI serial preclinical samples, a setting in which no ovary cancer screening occurred. ..

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..Controls will be women randomly selected from among all eligible individuals from the same cohorts and matching a given case on specified criteria. The study duration will be three years. ..

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..Thus this Phase I project is the basis for subsequent human medical trials to be carried out at the Indiana University Medical School in Phase II. ..

..The proposed research and training will allow me to become an independent investigator involved in developing and evaluating new biologic agents in patients with cancer. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..Analyses will be performed separately for each of the major tumor types, and will be stratified by the usual frequency and source of gynecological care...

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..Moreover, ErbB1 receptors are commonly amplified and/or over-expressed in ovarian neoplasms of epithelial origin, where increased signaling may contribute to cellular transformation...

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

..A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays. ..

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..The CC in its coordination efforts acts as a liaison between the Screening Centers, the Central Blood Testing Facility (LAB), study consultants, and the National Cancer Institute Project Officers. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..technique can be developed as a means to achieve enhanced chemosensitization as a therapeutic modality for ovarian neoplasms of epithelial origin...

..Thus, this research will contribute to prolonging survival and reducing mortality of prostate and ovarian cancer patients. ..

..A rational design of selective reagents that target the acrogranin pathway should afford new therapeutics targets for human cancer where acrogranin has a role. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..proposed commercial application: not available ..

..Findings will have implications for innovative behavioral and pharmacological intervention strategies for ovarian cancer patients. ..

..abstract_text> ..

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..Outcomes of such an approach for women with and without the identified pattern of symptoms will be examined. ..

..The findings of our study could provide the basis for developing a safe cancer- preventing vaccine for ovarian cancer and perhaps other MUC1-expressing tumors. ..

..Gaining a better understanding of ovarian cancer, which this project will provide, is critical to identifying women at risk and for improving the outcome for women who are diagnosed with this disease. ..

..To accomplish the proposed aims, the set of Utah death certificates within the Utah Population Database will be expanded to include about 500,000 death records that cover the period 1904-1995. ..

..Our continued goal is to identify modifiable risk factors and chemo preventive agents for a common and lethal cancer in women. ..

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..Such methods, if successful, could conceivably revolutionize the approach to cervical cancer prevention by broadening the conditions under which screening could be conducted. ..

..abstract_text> ..

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..We will also test our previous two case-control studies for any additional identified SNPs, including 326 cases and 493 controls (many of the SNPs have already been tested in these populations). ..

..As part of this study, she shall investigate whether the soluble MR molecule (SMR) can act as an inhibitor of the immune response and, if so, whether the inhibition can be overcome. ..

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..Promising strategies will be moved to patients in primary remission (Specific Aim 1) with a current median time to treatment failure of 18-21 months...

..This project will provide crucial knowledge for the identification and prevention of infertility and birth defects due to the AhR pathway in older mothers. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..abstract_text> ..

..Overall, this work has the potential to improve our understanding of breast stem cells and cancer risk and refine breast cancer prevention through a novel stem cell-targeted approach. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..g., second cancers, births, cardiac complications, etc.) that may have occurred since the completion of the initial questionnaire. ..

..Thus, the encouraging results from this study will ensure the detection of AI in plasma a promising cancer research direction for further exploration. ..