food poisoning

..Multiple foods and multi-ingredient foods were identified most frequently with outbreaks, perhaps because of more frequent hand contact during preparation and serving...

..Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated...

The incidence of food poisoning in England and Wales has been increasing for many years and it is now a major public health problem...

..A fatal case due to liver failure after the consumption of pasta salad is described and demonstrates the possible severity of the emetic syndrome...

..More widespread use of molecular assays will permit better estimates of the role of NoV illness and help direct efforts to control foodborne illness...

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The toxin in the gastropods (snails) Zeuxis sufflatus and Niotha clathrata implicated in a food poisoning incident in northern Taiwan in April 2001 was studied...

..Norwalk-like virus outbreaks appear as common as salmonella-like outbreaks. We conclude that profiling can help classify outbreaks, guide investigations and direct laboratory testing to help detect new and emerging pathogens...

..cereus. The disease characteristics are described, and recent findings regarding the associated toxins are discussed, as well as the present knowledge on virulence regulation...

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..Commitment to food safety is evidenced by high profile governmental initiatives around the globe. To measure progress towards targets, policy makers need to know the baseline from which they started...

..In the future, prevention of foodborne disease will increasingly depend on controlling contamination of feed and water consumed by the animals themselves...

..These findings have implications for the use of these surveillance data in developing evidence-based food policy...

..The duplexes of RNAs and the probes-immobilized beads were analyzed with the commercially available microfluidic chip-based system. This bead assay provided results within 3 h following RNA extraction from bacterial cells...

..perfringens type A food poisoning and several non-food-borne human gastrointestinal illnesses...

..Salmonella, as the second foodborne pathogen, was mainly associated with raw shell eggs. These results stress the continuous need for food safety education, complementary to governmental regulation...

..To our knowledge, this is the first report on palytoxin poisoning with serranid fish...

Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of food poisoning (FP) in developed countries. C...

..A variety of factors influence the uniformity of restaurant inspections. The restaurant inspection system should be examined to identify ways to ensure food safety...

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..In general, this work represents a mature analytical way for DNA review. It can be used under conditions that require almost immediate results...

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..were made to identify the toxin in the gastropod Zeuxis samiplicutus that was responsible for the recent food poisoning incidents in southern Zhejiang, Mainland China...

..various genotypes of enterotoxin gene-carrying (cpe-positive) Clostridium perfringens type A in 24 different food poisoning outbreaks were 75% (chromosomal IS1470-cpe), 21% (plasmid-borne IS1470-like-cpe), and 4% (plasmid-borne IS1151-..

Clostridium perfringens type A isolates carrying the enterotoxin (cpe) gene are important causes of both food poisoning and non-food-borne diarrheas in humans...

..In P. canaliculus, initial levels of PbTx-3 were similar, while PbTx-2 and BTX-B5 accumulated after each dose. PbTx-3 and BTX-B5 are proposed to be suitable markers for monitoring shellfish toxicity after a red tide event...

..Bacillus cereus causes two types of food poisoning, the emetic and diarrheal syndromes, and a variety of local and systemic infections...

..Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to ascertain that staff members were infected by the same clone, and that two patients with E. coli O157 infection were not...

..Most of the personnel had positive attitudes, but disparity between attitude and practice was noted. CONCLUSION: There is a dire need for education and increased awareness among food service staff regarding safe food handling practices...

Burkholderia cocovenenans produces a lethal toxin (Bongkrekic acid) that leads to high fatality in food poisoning cases. However, B. cocovenenans was combined in Burkholderia gladioli in 1999. B...

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..We describe the setup and preliminary results of our system, which uses a Web-accessible central database to track viruses and provides the foundation for an early warning system of foodborne and other common-source outbreaks...

..We conclude that by addressing shortages in the number of dedicated personnel and reducing delays in reporting, the capacity of state health departments to respond to foodborne disease can be improved...

..A regional case study is also included, in which the authors describe the food-borne disease situation in Latin America, as reported by surveillance systems in this region...

..perfringens type A food poisoning. While the cpe gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid borne, food poisoning isolates usually carry a ..

..perfringens type A isolates can carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) on either their chromosome or a plasmid, but food poisoning isolates usually have a chromosomal cpe gene...

..Absolute quantitative mass spectrometry was for the first time successfully applied to an investigation of a staphylococcal outbreak due to coconut pearls...

..Food safety certification of kitchen managers appears to be an important outbreak prevention measure, and managing food worker illnesses should be emphasized during food safety training programs...

Clostridium perfringens, a serious pathogen, causes enteric diseases in domestic animals and food poisoning in humans. The epidemiological relationship between C...

Clostridium perfringens type A food poisoning is caused by enterotoxigenic C. perfringens type A isolates that typically possess high spore heat-resistance. The molecular basis for C. perfringens spore heat-resistance remains unknown...

..The estimated average costs per illness were 2,164 Swedish Krona (SEK) ($246) to society and 500 SEK ($57) to the patient. The annual cost of foodborne illnesses in Sweden was estimated to be 1,082 million SEK ($123 million)...

Clostridium perfringens type A isolates producing enterotoxin (CPE) are an important cause of food poisoning and non-food-borne human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD)...

b>Food poisoning laboratories identify Bacillus cereus using routine methods that may not differentiate all Bacillus cereus group species. We recharacterized Bacillus food-poisoning strains from 39 outbreaks and identified B...

..Most shellfish-associated illness is infectious in nature (bacterial or viral), with the Norwalk virus accounting for most cases of gastroenteritis...

..Consumers appear to be more interested in convenience and saving time than in proper food handling and preparation...

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..Analyses by HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS showed that the toxin from O. miniacea, O. nirasei and O. mustelina contained TTX, and related compounds 4-epi TTX and anhydro-TTX. The paralytic shellfish poisons were not found...

..Fewer than 3% of respondents correctly identified the leading cause of foodborne illness...

..Since 1973, CDC has maintained a collaborative surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrence and causes of foodborne-disease outbreaks (FBDOs) in the United States...

..We review these differences within the context of the sources of outbreak surveillance information, clinical definitions, and structures of the outbreak surveillance systems...

..Our experience indicates that the enrichment culture could be useful for laboratory confirmation of a C. perfringens foodborne outbreak if it is used with adequate molecular epidemiologic methods...

..perfringens strains, it is very important to isolate and investigate more than one colony from the fecal culture of a patient and screen all these isolates for the presence of the cpe gene before further laboratory work is done...

..Sixteen outbreaks occurred where food, primarily produce, was harvested and shipped from one country to another. Sometimes the presence of an infected worker preparing food was only one of several factors contributing to the outbreak...

..Validity of epidemiological studies in foodborne disease, the necessity of strengthening the notification system of outbreaks, and the importance of good practices in food handling are analyzed...

..Participants also identified several difficulties associated with outbreak investigations, including difficulties associated with restaurant employees, restaurant customers, and environmental health organizations...

Clostridium perfringens is a pathogen that mainly causes food poisoning outbreaks when large quantities of food are prepared...

..Efforts to improve knowledge and, ultimately, food safety behaviors are essential to safeguard the health of these young adults and enable them to fulfill the role of protecting the health of their future families...

..This finding supports the need of including information on consumer behavior and preparation hygiene in the consumer phase of exposure assessments...

..The recent proposal by Food Standards Australia New Zealand to mandate food safety programs for catering operations is supported...

..Enter-Net is an example of an international laboratory based surveillance network which contribute largely to European foodborne zoonosis surveillance...

..For instance, workers sometimes denied infection or illness for a variety of reasons, but subsequent investigation provided evidence of infection...

..They must strictly follow hygiene rules, especially when they produce food that is to be eaten without any form of cooking...

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..To prevent toxic histamine formation, CST should be produced with >5% WPS and distributed with a declared 5 degrees C shelf life of 3 to 4 weeks or less...

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..These data may be used to assist in determining concentrations of lactate and diacetate in cooked ham products to control the growth of L. monocytogenes over a wide range of temperatures during manufacturing, distribution, and storage...

..The food chain starts from farm and ends at fork; controlling this complex process requires an integrated approach and a responsible authority to oversee it in order to protect and promote food safety...

..cereus caused food poisoning. For instance, emetic strains still represent a special risk in heat-processed foods or preheated foods that ..

b>Food poisoning caused by other Bacillus species than B. cereus has been described, but the toxins involved have rarely been isolated...

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..Standardized molecular subtyping and coordinated, multi-jurisdiction investigations can greatly facilitate detection and control of listeriosis outbreaks...

..Consequently, the general preventive strategy would be jeopardised, namely to understand the (often new) mechanisms by which contamination and disease transmission occur well enough to interrupt them...

..Provision of high quality, online educational packages to food industry personnel otherwise precluded from access to such courses...

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..Detection of foodborne disease outbreaks relies on health care practitioners (HCPs), infection control practitioners (ICPs), and clinical laboratorians to report notifiable diseases to state or local health departments...

..Further surveillance of norovirus by detection and typing of viruses from patients with gastroenteritis and shellfish is warranted to clarify the causes of future outbreaks...

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..The consumer accepts only animal management systems, which meet the demands for animal welfare, economical efficiency and especially the demand for product safety...

..Because of its ability to detect differences in gas patterns, this instrument has a broad range of potential food safety applications...

..6 and 14.1%, respectively. Findings from this study suggest that public health efforts should be directed toward safe food handling in the home during the summer months...

..In larger businesses, case businesses were more likely to be hotels and were more commonly associated with viral foodborne outbreaks, but there was no explanation within the data for this association...

..The guidelines for the prevention of contamination are insufficient. Intensity of production and the economic importance of fast, large-scale production are given priority over food safety. Information fails to reach the consumer...

..Herein we review the most recent advances in our understanding of how microbial pathogens adapt to changes in the food composition, and how this information may ultimately be used for the design of effective pathogen control measures...

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..To attain food safety, we must use common (microbiological) sense and understand the principles of transmission of foodborne-disease etiological agents and their control. A change of attitudes and program focus is necessary...

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..perfringens as the etiological agent...

..APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: This list of rank-ordered behaviors grouped by pathogen control factor should help dietitians and educators confidently teach food safety guidance that will be most effective in preventing illness...

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..One of these, pinnatoxin A, is a potent neurotoxin though to be responsible for seasonal outbreaks of food poisoning from the ingestion of shellfish throughout Asia...

..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Listeria is responsible for deadly food poisoning and Shigella can cause severe bloody diarrhea...

..diseases includes also endocarditis, septic arthritis, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome and food poisoning. S. aureus strains exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistances, methicillin-resistant S...

..diseases includes also endocarditis, septic arthritis, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome and food poisoning. S. aureus strains exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistances, methicillin-resistant S...

..g., biocorrosion, biocatalysis, rhizoremediation, food poisoning) whereas previously biofilms have been studied primarily as a means toward eradicating them...

..of fresh vegetables is a major public health concern and a potential bio-terrorist threat as a source of food poisoning. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal describes basic research on the molecular basis of innate immunity ..

..of fresh vegetables is a major public health concern and a potential bio-terrorist threat as a source of food poisoning. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal describes basic research on the molecular basis of innate immunity of ..

..toxin is responsible for the vomiting and diarrhea symptomology which is the hallmark of staphylococcal food poisoning. Despite its usual association with food poisoning, the enterotoxins are also virulence factors for the ..

..A significant number of cases of food poisoning are also linked to contamination of foodstuffs with S. aureus...

..As a result, SEB can cause a variety of clinical illnesses ranging from self-limiting food poisoning to the more severe toxic shock syndrome, which can be lethal...

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of diseases ranging from skin infections and food poisoning to life-threatening nosocomial infections. Increasing resistance of S...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a primary cause of food poisoning, is also a superantigen that can cause toxic shock after traumatic or surgical Staphylococcal wound infections...

..Relevance: Salmonella infections cause serious human diseases such as food poisoning and typhoid fever...

..poorly understood molecular basis of contamination and colonization of plants by human pathogens, which have become a major public health and bioterror concern due to food poisoning from consuming fresh vegetable foods.

..Bacterial superantigens are implicated in a spectrum of diseases such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndromes, Kawasaki disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis and vasculitic and autoimmune disorders...

..Bacterial superantigens are implicated in a spectrum of diseases such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndromes, Kawasaki disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis and vasculitic and autoimmune disorders...

..Bacterial superantigens are implicated in a spectrum of diseases such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndromes, Kawasaki disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis and vasculitic and autoimmune disorders...

..S. aureus cause food poisoning, sepsis, device (Biofilm) related infections, and multiple diseases like endocarditis and pneumonia...

..to study pathogenic effectors produced by a gram-negative marine bacterium that is responsible for causing food poisoning worldwide...

..is a primary human pathogen and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (over 700,000 annually), food poisoning, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome. Currently more than 90 percent of community-isolated strains of S...

..perfringens type A food poisoning, the 3rd most common foodborne illness in the USA, as well as certain nonfoodborne human Gl diseases...

..CPE has been shown to produce all symptoms associated with C. perfringens food poisoning and recent studies strongly suggest that CPE may also be involved in other forms of serious gastrointestinal ..

..In mice infected with C. rodentium, a model of E. Coli food poisoning in humans, a number of P450 enzymes in the liver are moderately down-regulated...