encephalitis

Summary

Summary: Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nat Med 10:1366-73. 2004
  2. ncbi The TIMPs tango with MMPs and more in the central nervous system
    Stephen J Crocker
    Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    J Neurosci Res 75:1-11. 2004
  3. ncbi Brain inflammation in epilepsy: experimental and clinical evidence
    Annamaria Vezzani
    Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
    Epilepsia 46:1724-43. 2005
  4. ncbi Protection of mice against dengue 2 virus encephalitis by immunization with the dengue 2 virus non-structural glycoprotein NS1
    J J Schlesinger
    J Gen Virol 68:853-7. 1987
  5. ncbi Retrospective analysis of NMDA receptor antibodies in encephalitis of unknown origin
    H Pruss
    Charite University Medicine Berlin, Department of Neurology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
    Neurology 75:1735-9. 2010
  6. ncbi Cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in CNS: their role and involvement in neurological disorders
    John W Phillis
    Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
    Brain Res Rev 52:201-43. 2006
  7. ncbi Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents
    Nicole R Florance
    Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    Ann Neurol 66:11-8. 2009
  8. ncbi Microglia, major player in the brain inflammation: their roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    Yoon Seong Kim
    Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
    Exp Mol Med 38:333-47. 2006
  9. ncbi Rift Valley fever encephalitis
    Abdulrahman A Alrajhi
    Emerg Infect Dis 10:554-5. 2004
  10. ncbi Rasmussen's encephalitis: early characteristics allow diagnosis
    T Granata
    Division of Child Neurology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C Besta, Milan, Italy
    Neurology 60:422-5. 2003

Research Grants

  1. Inhibition of the Membrane Fusion Proteins of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses
    Margaret Kielian; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. 2nd International Pathogenesis of Rare Neuroimmunologic Disorders
    Douglas Kerr; Fiscal Year: 2006
  3. CHEMOKINE-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION AND REPAIR DURING WNV ENCEPHALITIS
    ROBYN SUE KLEIN; Fiscal Year: 2010
  4. Mechanisms of apoptosis in the central nervous system
    Kenneth Tyler; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. Innate immune evasion and/or antagonism by eastern equine encephalitis virus
    KATHERINE RYMAN; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Invasion of California by West Nile Virus
    William Reisen; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. Characterization of the La Crosse Virus glycoprotein fusion peptide
    Francisco Gonzalez Scarano; Fiscal Year: 2009
  8. Characterization of the La Crosse Virus glycoprotein fusion peptide
    Francisco Gonzalez Scarano; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. Replicon-based screening for inhibitors of alphaviruses
    PAUL OLIVO; Fiscal Year: 2005
  10. ACUTE ALPHAVIRUAL ENCEPHALITIS
    Diane Griffin; Fiscal Year: 2007

Detail Information

Publications202 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nat Med 10:1366-73. 2004
    ..Collectively, WNV infection leads to a Tlr3-dependent inflammatory response, which is involved in brain penetration of the virus and neuronal injury...
  2. ncbi The TIMPs tango with MMPs and more in the central nervous system
    Stephen J Crocker
    Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    J Neurosci Res 75:1-11. 2004
    ....
  3. ncbi Brain inflammation in epilepsy: experimental and clinical evidence
    Annamaria Vezzani
    Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
    Epilepsia 46:1724-43. 2005
    ..The elucidation of this aspect may open new perspectives for the pharmacologic treatment of seizures...
  4. ncbi Protection of mice against dengue 2 virus encephalitis by immunization with the dengue 2 virus non-structural glycoprotein NS1
    J J Schlesinger
    J Gen Virol 68:853-7. 1987
    ..Induction of a protective immune response by NS1 suggests that it be considered for incorporation into possible synthetic or recombinant DNA DEN vaccines...
  5. ncbi Retrospective analysis of NMDA receptor antibodies in encephalitis of unknown origin
    H Pruss
    Charite University Medicine Berlin, Department of Neurology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
    Neurology 75:1735-9. 2010
    Anti-NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe disorder that occurs in association with antibodies to the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR and results in a characteristic syndrome.
  6. ncbi Cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in CNS: their role and involvement in neurological disorders
    John W Phillis
    Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
    Brain Res Rev 52:201-43. 2006
    ..Here, we review present knowledge of the functions of cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in brain and their association with neurodegenerative diseases...
  7. ncbi Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents
    Nicole R Florance
    Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    Ann Neurol 66:11-8. 2009
    To report the clinical features of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in patients < or = 18 years old.
  8. ncbi Microglia, major player in the brain inflammation: their roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    Yoon Seong Kim
    Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
    Exp Mol Med 38:333-47. 2006
    ..In the last part, microglial activation and their role in PD are discussed in depth...
  9. ncbi Rift Valley fever encephalitis
    Abdulrahman A Alrajhi
    Emerg Infect Dis 10:554-5. 2004
  10. ncbi Rasmussen's encephalitis: early characteristics allow diagnosis
    T Granata
    Division of Child Neurology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C Besta, Milan, Italy
    Neurology 60:422-5. 2003
    To identify early manifestations of Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) that can prompt early and reasonably secure diagnosis, allowing medical or surgical therapies at an early stage when they may be more effective in slowing the disease.
  11. ncbi Silencing early viral replication in macrophages and dendritic cells effectively suppresses flavivirus encephalitis
    Chunting Ye
    Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 6:e17889. 2011
    West Nile (WN) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses can cause fatal neurological infection and currently there is neither a specific treatment nor an approved vaccine for these infections...
  12. ncbi Encephalitis and myelitis associated with dengue viral infection clinical and neuroimaging features
    Mohammad Wasay
    Department of Neurology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
    Clin Neurol Neurosurg 110:635-40. 2008
    The objective of this study was to identify clinical and neuroimaging features and outcome of patients with encephalitis and myelitis associated with dengue viral infection.
  13. ncbi Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies
    Josep Dalmau
    Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Lancet Neurol 7:1091-8. 2008
    A severe form of encephalitis associated with antibodies against NR1-NR2 heteromers of the NMDA receptor was recently identified...
  14. ncbi Epstein-Barr virus infections of the central nervous system
    Hiroshi Fujimoto
    First Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011
    Intern Med 42:33-40. 2003
    ..The neurologic forms were as follows: acute encephalitis (4 patients), acute cerebellar ataxia (1), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (2), myelitis (1), and ..
  15. ncbi Testicular teratoma and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis
    A Eker
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:1082-3. 2008
  16. ncbi Tumor necrosis factor alpha is reparative via TNFR2 [corrected] in the hippocampus and via TNFR1 [corrected] in the striatum after virus-induced encephalitis
    Moses Rodriguez
    Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
    Brain Pathol 19:12-26. 2009
    ..of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in parenchymal brain pathology resolution following virus-induced encephalitis from a picornavirus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)...
  17. ncbi Macrophage-induced inflammation affects hippocampal plasticity and neuronal development in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis
    Larisa Poluektova
    Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
    Glia 52:344-53. 2005
    ..Activated MPs effect a giant cell encephalitis and neuroinflammatory responses that are mirrored in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected with ..
  18. ncbi N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes
    Sarosh R Irani
    Department of Clinical Neurology, L6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
    Brain 133:1655-67. 2010
    ..Four patients, who only had temporal lobe epilepsy without oligoclonal bands, may represent restriction to the first stage...
  19. ncbi Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
    Ethan G Hughes
    Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    J Neurosci 30:5866-75. 2010
    We recently described a severe, potentially lethal, but treatment-responsive encephalitis that associates with autoantibodies to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and results in behavioral symptoms similar to those obtained with models of genetic ..
  20. ncbi Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study
    Julia Granerod
    Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
    Lancet Infect Dis 10:835-44. 2010
    b>Encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. We aimed to establish the cause and identify the clinical differences between causes in patients with encephalitis in England.
  21. ncbi Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma
    Josep Dalmau
    Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Ann Neurol 61:25-36. 2007
    To report the autoantigens of a new category of treatment-responsive paraneoplastic encephalitis.
  22. ncbi Update on anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children and adolescents
    Nicole Florance-Ryan
    Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, and Division of Neuro Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    Curr Opin Pediatr 22:739-44. 2010
    Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently identified disorder that is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to obtain full recovery...
  23. ncbi Spatial analysis of the distribution of LaCrosse encephalitis in Illinois, using a geographic information system and local and global spatial statistics
    U Kitron
    College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 57:469-75. 1997
    The spatial and temporal distribution of LaCrosse encephalitis cases in Illinois was analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) and spatial statistics...
  24. ncbi A patient with encephalitis associated with NMDA receptor antibodies
    Lauren H Sansing
    Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    Nat Clin Pract Neurol 3:291-6. 2007
    ..There was muscle rigidity, frequent facial grimacing, rhythmic abdominal contractions, kicking motions of the legs, and intermittent dystonic postures of the right arm...
  25. ncbi Neurological response to early removal of ovarian teratoma in anti-NMDAR encephalitis
    M Seki
    Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:324-6. 2008
    We report an 18-year-old woman with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, who developed psychiatric symptoms, progressive unresponsiveness, dyskinesias, hypoventilation, hypersalivation and seizures...
  26. ncbi The dynamics of the LPS triggered inflammatory response of murine microglia under different culture and in vivo conditions
    Søren Lund
    H Lundbeck A S, Valby, Denmark
    J Neuroimmunol 180:71-87. 2006
    ..Although most inflammatory genes induced in vitro were transferable to our in vivo model, the observed discrepancy for some genes potentially represents regulatory factors present in the central nervous system (CNS) but not in vitro...
  27. ncbi Inflammatory and injury responses to ischemic stroke in obese mice
    Satoshi Terao
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
    Stroke 39:943-50. 2008
    ..This study tested the hypothesis that obesity exacerbates the cerebrovascular dysfunction and tissue injury induced by brain ischemia and reperfusion...
  28. ncbi The distinctive movement disorder of ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis
    Timothy J Kleinig
    Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Mov Disord 23:1256-61. 2008
    The movement disorder observed in four cases of ovarian teratoma associated encephalitis is described...
  29. ncbi Successful treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis presenting with catatonia
    M Schimmel
    Department of Paediatrics, Klinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, Augsburg, Germany
    Arch Dis Child 94:314-6. 2009
    ..girl with the typical clinical symptoms of the recently described anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is reported...
  30. ncbi Role of brain inflammation in epileptogenesis
    Jieun Choi
    Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Northwestern University Children s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 2300 Children s Plaza, Box 51, Children s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
    Yonsei Med J 49:1-18. 2008
    ..We provide an overview of the current knowledge that implicates brain inflammation as a common predisposing factor in epilepsy, particularly childhood epilepsy...
  31. ncbi Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: report of ten cases and comparison with viral encephalitis
    M S Gable
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28:1421-9. 2009
    The California Encephalitis Project (CEP), established in 1998 to explore encephalitic etiologies, has identified patients with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, the likely etiology of their encephalitis...
  32. ncbi Randomized phase II trial of atovaquone with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ACTG 237/ANRS 039 Study. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 237/Agence Nationale de Recherche
    Keith Chirgwin
    Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn, NY, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 34:1243-50. 2002
    ..daily) as treatment for acute disease (for 6 weeks) and as maintenance therapy (for 42 weeks) for toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus...
  33. ncbi Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism
    James Sissons
    School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, England, United Kingdom
    Infect Immun 73:2704-8. 2005
    Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain barrier and transmigrate into the ..
  34. ncbi Acanthamoeba encephalitis
    V Kaushal
    Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141 001, Punjab, India
    Indian J Med Microbiol 26:182-4. 2008
    Central nervous system infection with free-living amoebae is rare. We present a fatal case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis in a 63-year-old female from India where acanthamoebae were demonstrated and cultured from CSF...
  35. ncbi Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation exacerbates tau pathology by a cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated pathway in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease
    Masashi Kitazawa
    Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, California 92697 4545, USA
    J Neurosci 25:8843-53. 2005
    ..Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates that microglial activation exacerbates key neuropathological features such as tangle formation...
  36. ncbi The role of astrocytes in the immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis
    Emma H Wilson
    Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6008, USA
    Int J Parasitol 34:543-8. 2004
    ..rarely leads to disease but in the immunocompromised host reactivation of these cysts can lead to toxoplasmic encephalitis. It is known that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are important in preventing reactivation of the parasite, ..
  37. ncbi Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures: case reports of this unusual post-encephalitic epilepsy
    Yoshiaki Saito
    Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36 1 Nishi cho, Yonago 683 8504, Japan
    Brain Dev 29:147-56. 2007
    We report on three acute encephalitis patients with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS)...
  38. ncbi A case of acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures, presenting autoantibody to glutamate receptor Gluepsilon2
    Hiromichi Ito
    Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3 18 15, Kuramoto Cho, Tokushima 770 8503, Japan
    Brain Dev 27:531-4. 2005
    ..We diagnosed him as encephalitis/encephalopathy, and treated him with artificial respiration, thiamylal sodium, mild hypothermia therapy, ..
  39. ncbi Epistasis in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    Onofre Combarros
    Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
    Neurobiol Aging 30:1333-49. 2009
    ..We conclude that epistasis is a crucial feature of complex diseases, that its study is a promising approach to the genetics of AD and that larger and more rigorous studies are needed to establish interactions...
  40. ncbi Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae childhood encephalitis: systematic review of 58 cases
    Florian Daxboeck
    Division of Hospital Hygiene, Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Vienna, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
    J Child Neurol 19:865-71. 2004
    Most of the knowledge on Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis in children is based on case reports or small case series...
  41. ncbi Cluster analysis for identifying sub-groups and selecting potential discriminatory variables in human encephalitis
    Jemila S Hamid
    Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
    BMC Infect Dis 10:364. 2010
    b>Encephalitis is an acute clinical syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS), often associated with fatal outcome or permanent damage, including cognitive and behavioural impairment, affective disorders and epileptic seizures...
  42. ncbi Seizures in encephalitis: predictors and outcome
    U K Misra
    Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow 226014, India
    Seizure 18:583-7. 2009
    Seizures are common in encephalitis but there is paucity of comprehensive studies evaluating predictors of seizures.
  43. ncbi Evidence for antibody-mediated pathogenesis in anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma
    Erdem Tuzun
    Division of Neuro Oncology, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 3 W Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Acta Neuropathol 118:737-43. 2009
    ..report the immunopathological analysis of the brain and tumor of two patients who died of anti-NMDAR-associated encephalitis, and of the tumor of nine patients who recovered...
  44. ncbi Comparison of high and low doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for primary prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    E Ribera
    Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Vall d Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
    Clin Infect Dis 29:1461-6. 1999
    ..61). These results indicate that high doses of co-trimoxazole appear to be more effective than low doses for lowering the risk of toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients and that rifampin therapy may reduce the efficacy of co-trimoxazole...
  45. ncbi [A case of herpes simplex encephalitis with cerebral white matter lesion after acyclovir administration]
    T Tamura
    Department of Neurology, Southern Tohoku Neurosurgical Hospital, Fukushima
    No To Hattatsu 22:488-93. 1990
    ..that selectively affects temporal and frontal lobes with necrosis and hemorrhage, and no case of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) with white matter lesion in a diffuse fashion has previously been reported...
  46. ncbi Global neurologic deficits with baylisascaris encephalitis in a previously healthy teenager
    Colleen S Chun
    Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:925-7. 2009
    ..This case identifies a new risk factor, altered behavior related to substance abuse, and a newly described outcome of cognitive deficits for B. procyonis disease in older children...
  47. ncbi Acute psychiatric illness in a young woman: an unusual form of encephalitis
    Kaitlyn L Parratt
    Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
    Med J Aust 191:284-6. 2009
    ..NMDA) NR1-NR2 receptors in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, consistent with anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, a severe, potentially lethal but treatment-responsive encephalitis often associated with ovarian tumour...
  48. ncbi Interferon-gamma receptor-mediated but not tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1- or type 2-mediated signaling is crucial for the activation of cerebral blood vessel endothelial cells and microglia in murine Toxoplasma encephalitis
    M Deckert-Schlüter
    Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitatskliniken Bonn, Bonn, Germany
    Am J Pathol 154:1549-61. 1999
    ..of cerebral endothelial cells, microglia, and astrocytes was evaluated in a model of murine Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE)...
  49. ncbi Brainstem encephalitis following influenza vaccination: favorable response to steroid treatment
    Recai Turkoglu
    Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
    Vaccine 27:7253-6. 2009
    ..Our case implies that vaccination might be related with a wide range of clinical syndromes, including brainstem encephalitis.
  50. ncbi Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring of acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS)
    A A Dahaba
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
    Minerva Anestesiol 76:298-301. 2010
    ..Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive, partial seizures (AERRPS) is an epileptic syndrome first described by Sakuma in ..
  51. ncbi Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in a young woman with an ovarian tumour
    Joyce W T Lo
    Department of Medicine, Ruttonjee Hospital, Wanchai, Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Med J 16:313-6. 2010
    Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is characterised by psychiatric and neurological abnormalities and occurs in frequent association with ovarian teratoma...
  52. ncbi Cortical hypometabolism demonstrated by PET in relapsing NMDA receptor encephalitis
    Sekhar C Pillai
    Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children s Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
    Pediatr Neurol 43:217-20. 2010
    N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a newly defined type of autoimmune encephalitis...
  53. ncbi Challenge of the unknown. A systematic review of acute encephalitis in non-outbreak situations
    J Granerod
    Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Virus Reference Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
    Neurology 75:924-32. 2010
    The threat of emerging infections and recognition of novel immune-mediated forms of encephalitis has raised the profile of this condition in recent years. Incidence is poorly defined and most cases have an unknown cause...
  54. ncbi Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis: case report and field investigation
    S Y Park
    Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0136, USA
    Pediatrics 106:E56. 2000
    ..We report a case of severe raccoon roundworm (B procyonis) encephalitis in a young child to illustrate the unique clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects, as well as public health ..
  55. ncbi Neuronal apoptosis does not play an important role in human rabies encephalitis
    Alan C Jackson
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    J Neurovirol 14:368-75. 2008
    It is generally accepted that there are not prominent features of neuronal cell death in rabies encephalitis. However, Hemachudha and coworkers recently reported widespread apoptosis in the central nervous system of several human rabies ..
  56. ncbi Nationwide survey of acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis in Japan: relationship to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
    Satoshi Kamei
    Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo
    Intern Med 48:673-9. 2009
    To study the incidence and clinical features of acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis (AJFNHE) in Japan.
  57. ncbi NF-kappaB signaling in cerebral ischemia
    D A Ridder
    Pharmacological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Neuroscience 158:995-1006. 2009
    ..Modulation of NF-kappaB signaling has the potential to interrupt multiple inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms through one specific molecular target...
  58. ncbi Brainstem and striatal encephalitis complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin
    G Sakoulas
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 20:543-5. 2001
    ..A trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in a critically ill patient with encephalitis that developed in parallel to M...
  59. ncbi Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures
    Hiroshi Sakuma
    Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4 1 1 Ogawa higashicho, Kodaira, Japan
    Brain Dev 31:510-4. 2009
    Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS) represents a peculiar form of encephalitis mainly affecting children...
  60. ncbi Chemokines are differentially expressed by astrocytes, microglia and inflammatory leukocytes in Toxoplasma encephalitis and critically regulated by interferon-gamma
    Andreas Strack
    , , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, , Germany
    Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 103:458-68. 2002
    ..defines the kinetics and cellular sources of T cell- and macrophage-attracting chemokines in murine Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) by ribonuclease protection assay, reverse transcription-PCR, in situ hybridization, and ..
  61. ncbi Autoantibodies to glutamate receptors can damage the brain in epilepsy, systemic lupus erythematosus and encephalitis
    Mia Levite
    School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of TLV Yaffo, Israel The Weizmann Institue of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
    Expert Rev Neurother 8:1141-60. 2008
    ..to our attention, as they are found in many patients with epilepsy, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and encephalitis, and can unquestionably cause brain damage...
  62. ncbi Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis in a four-year-old girl
    Roberta Biancheri
    Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, G Gaslini Institute and University of Genova, Largo G Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
    J Pediatr 156:332-4. 2010
    Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder...
  63. ncbi The effect of activated microglia on astrogliosis parameters in astrocyte cultures
    Claudia Röhl
    Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr 40, D 24098 Kiel, Germany
    Brain Res 1129:43-52. 2007
    ....
  64. ncbi Anti-inflammatory property of the cannabinoid agonist WIN-55212-2 in a rodent model of chronic brain inflammation
    Y Marchalant
    Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neural Systems Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
    Neuroscience 144:1516-22. 2007
    ....
  65. ncbi A novel role of glia maturation factor: induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and pro-inflammatory cytokines
    Asgar Zaheer
    Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
    J Neurochem 101:364-76. 2007
    ..Our results suggest a novel pathway of GMF-initiated cytotoxicity of brain cells, and implicate its involvement in inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis...
  66. ncbi Microglial activation as a priming event leading to paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration
    Maya G Purisai
    The Parkinson s Institute, 1170 Morse Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 25:392-400. 2007
    ..Data indicate that microglial activation and consequent induction of NADPH oxidase may act as risk factors for Parkinson's disease by increasing the vulnerability of dopaminergic cells to toxic injury...
  67. ncbi Neuroinflammation as a neurotoxic mechanism in alcoholism: commentary on "Increased MCP-1 and microglia in various regions of human alcoholic brain"
    Edith V Sullivan
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Exp Neurol 213:10-7. 2008
  68. ncbi Upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in activated astrocytes and microglia
    Aroa Ejarque-Ortiz
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, IIBB CSIC, IDIBAPS, E 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Glia 55:178-88. 2007
    ..Given the nature of the C/EBPbeta-regulated genes, we hypothesize that this factor participates in neurotoxic effects associated with glial activation. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc...
  69. ncbi Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial toxicity to developing oligodendrocytes when astrocytes are present
    Jianrong Li
    Department of Neurology and the F M Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Neurosci 28:5321-30. 2008
    ....
  70. ncbi Induction of interleukin-1beta by interleukin-4 in lipopolysaccharide-treated mixed glial cultures: microglial-dependent effects
    Ling Cao
    Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
    J Neurochem 102:408-19. 2007
    ..Therefore, precaution should be taken when clinically using IL-4 to treat diseases manifested by overt inflammatory responses...
  71. ncbi Memantine protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation, restores behaviorally-induced gene expression and spatial learning in the rat
    S Rosi
    Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
    Neuroscience 142:1303-15. 2006
    ..Combined, these findings suggest that low, therapeutically relevant doses of memantine delivered early in the development of neuroinflammation-influenced diseases may confer neural and cognitive protection...
  72. ncbi Dissociation between hippocampal neuronal loss, astroglial and microglial reactivity after pharmacologically induced reverse glutamate transport
    Lluïsa de Yebra
    Unitat de Bioquimica, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, C Casanova 143, Barcelona E 08036, Spain
    Neurochem Int 49:691-7. 2006
    ..These data suggest a specific response of microglia to PDC whose neuronal effects may differ with the infused dose...
  73. ncbi Impact of different saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol containing diets on beta-amyloid accumulation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
    M Oksman
    Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Finland
    Neurobiol Dis 23:563-72. 2006
    ..The favorable effect of DHA on Abeta production was verified in two different cell lines. Regulation of dietary lipid intake may offer a new tool to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease at the population level...
  74. ncbi Modulation of microglial activation state following passive immunization in amyloid depositing transgenic mice
    Dave Morgan
    Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, University of South Florida, MDC Box 9, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
    Neurochem Int 49:190-4. 2006
    ....
  75. ncbi In vivo imaging of brain lesions with [(11)C]CLINME, a new PET radioligand of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors
    Herve Boutin
    CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Laboratoire d Imagerie Moleculaire Experimentale, Orsay, France
    Glia 55:1459-68. 2007
    ..Further studies of this new compound should be carried out to better define its capacity to overcome the limitations of [(11)C]PK11195 for PBR PET imaging...
  76. ncbi Progress in periventricular leukomalacia
    Wenbin Deng
    Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
    Arch Neurol 65:1291-5. 2008
    ..Studies in animal models of PVL suggest that pharmacologic interventions that target these toxic molecules will be useful in diminishing the severity of PVL...
  77. ncbi Proteasomal inhibition in intracerebral hemorrhage: neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of bortezomib
    Dong In Sinn
    Stroke and Neural Stem Cell Laboratory in Clinical Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Program in Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute of SNUMRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
    Neurosci Res 58:12-8. 2007
    ..We concluded that the early treatment with bortezomib induced a reduction in the early hematoma growth and mitigated the development of brain edema, coupled with a marked inhibitory effect on inflammation in ICH...
  78. ncbi Delayed peripheral administration of a GPE analogue induces astrogliosis and angiogenesis and reduces inflammation and brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat
    Pernilla Svedin
    The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
    Dev Neurosci 29:393-402. 2007
    ..The normalization of IL-6 levels and the promotion of both neovascularization and reactive astrocytosis may be potential mechanisms that underlie its protective effects...
  79. ncbi Translocator protein 18 kDa is involved in the regulation of reactive gliosis
    Sergio Veiga
    Instituto Cajal, C S I C, Madrid, Spain
    Glia 55:1426-36. 2007
    ..These findings identify TSPO as a potential target for controlling neural inflammation, showing that the TSPO ligand PK11195 may reduce microglia activation by a mechanism that is independent of the regulation of neuronal survival...
  80. ncbi Thrombin-induced microglial activation contributes to the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in vivo
    Cheng Fang Huang
    Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
    Neurosci Bull 24:66-72. 2008
    ..To evaluate the role of thrombin-activated microglia in the neurodegeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra (SN) in vivo...
  81. ncbi COG1410, a novel apolipoprotein E-based peptide, improves functional recovery in a murine model of traumatic brain injury
    Daniel T Laskowitz
    Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
    J Neurotrauma 24:1093-107. 2007
    ..This represents a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of TBI...
  82. ncbi Increased catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and protein expression in OX-42-positive cells in the substantia nigra after lipopolysaccharide microinfusion
    Teemu Helkamaa
    Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland
    Neurochem Int 51:412-23. 2007
    ..These changes in glial and perivascular catechol-O-methyltransferase activity may have clinical relevance for Parkinson's disease drug treatment due to increased metabolism of levodopa in the brain...
  83. ncbi A comparison of the high-affinity peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands DAA1106 and (R)-PK11195 in rat models of neuroinflammation: implications for PET imaging of microglial activation
    Sriram Venneti
    Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
    J Neurochem 102:2118-31. 2007
    ....
  84. ncbi Phase-dependent roles of reactive microglia and astrocytes in nervous system injury as delineated by imaging of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor
    Jun Maeda
    Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
    Brain Res 1157:100-11. 2007
    ..The present findings collectively support the utility of PBR in identifying a unique temporal pattern of astrocytic and microglial activation that conventional glial markers hardly pursue...
  85. ncbi Deglycosylated anti-amyloid beta antibodies reduce microglial phagocytosis and cytokine production while retaining the capacity to induce amyloid beta sequestration
    Kazuyuki Takata
    Department of Neurobiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University and 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto 607 8414, Japan
    Eur J Neurosci 26:2458-68. 2007
    ..We conclude that deglycosylated antibodies effectively induced Abeta sequestration without provoking neuroinflammation; thus, these deglycosylated antibodies may be optimal for sequestration therapy for Alzheimer's disease...
  86. ncbi Japanese encephalitis virus infection decrease endogenous IL-10 production: correlation with microglial activation and neuronal death
    Vivek Swarup
    National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
    Neurosci Lett 420:144-9. 2007
    ..In order to assess functional importance of this cytokine in viral encephalitis we have exploited an experimental model of Japanese encephalitis (JE)...
  87. ncbi Pioglitazone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase is associated with altered activity of p38 MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt
    Bin Xing
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 310 Davis Mills Building, University of Kentucky, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 0298, USA
    J Neuroinflammation 5:4. 2008
    ....
  88. ncbi Leptin induces interleukin-1beta release from rat microglial cells through a caspase 1 independent mechanism
    Emmanuel Pinteaux
    Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
    J Neurochem 102:826-33. 2007
    ..These results confirm our earlier observations in vivo and demonstrate that microglia are an important source of IL-1beta in the brain in response to leptin...
  89. ncbi Neuroprotective role of bradykinin because of the attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release from activated microglia
    Mami Noda
    Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
    J Neurochem 101:397-410. 2007
    ..Our data imply that BK has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system by modulating microglial function...
  90. ncbi Biochanin A protects dopaminergic neurons against lipopolysaccharide-induced damage through inhibition of microglia activation and proinflammatory factors generation
    Han Qing Chen
    School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P R China
    Neurosci Lett 417:112-7. 2007
    ..This study suggested for the first time that biochanin A protected dopaminergic neurons against LPS-induced damage through inhibition of microglia activation and proinflammatory factors generation...
  91. ncbi Dexamethasone-coated neural probes elicit attenuated inflammatory response and neuronal loss compared to uncoated neural probes
    Yinghui Zhong
    Neurological Biomaterials and Therapeutics, Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 0535, USA
    Brain Res 1148:15-27. 2007
    ..Thus anti-inflammatory probe coatings may represent a promising approach to attenuate astroglial scar and reduce neural loss around implanted neural probes...
  92. ncbi Complement activation in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy
    E Aronica
    Department of Neuro Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Neurobiol Dis 26:497-511. 2007
    ..The persistence of complement activation could contribute to a sustained inflammatory response and could destabilize neuronal networks involved...
  93. ncbi Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits LPS-induced IL-1beta production in cultured rat astrocytes
    Takashi Iwai
    Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
    Neurosci Res 55:352-60. 2006
    ..GLP-1 also increased cAMP concentration and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in astrocytes. These results suggest that GLP-1 may be a modulator of inflammation in the central nervous system...
  94. ncbi P2X7 receptor immunoreactive profile confined to resting and activated microglia in the epileptic brain
    P M Rappold
    Department of Neurosurgery, Box 670, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
    Brain Res 1089:171-8. 2006
    ..In addition, the morphological changes in microglia following seizure induction that can be identified with P2X7 antisera or with antisera specific for microglia suggest a neuroinflammatory milieu in areas of CNS seizure activity...
  95. ncbi Microglia-specific expression of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production
    Yuri Ikeda-Matsuo
    Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5 9 1 Shirokane, Minato ku, Tokyo, Japan
    J Neurochem 94:1546-58. 2005
    ..These results suggest that the activation of microglia contributes to PGE2 production through the concerted de novo synthesis of mPGES-1 and COX-2 at sites of inflammation of the brain parenchyma...
  96. ncbi Selective modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by dibutyryl-cAMP in BV2 microglial cells
    Moon-Sook Woo
    Department of Neuroscience, Ewha Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 70 Jongno 6-Ga, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-783, South Korea
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 113:86-96. 2003
    ..Taken together, our results demonstrate that cAMP modulates microglia activation in a diverse and complex manner...
  97. ncbi Interactive role of the toll-like receptor 4 and reactive oxygen species in LPS-induced microglia activation
    Liya Qin
    Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
    Glia 52:78-84. 2005
    ....
  98. ncbi Hypoxic induction of caspase-11/caspase-1/interleukin-1beta in brain microglia
    Nam Gon Kim
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 92 Chilam dong, Jinju, Kyungnam 660 751, South Korea
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res 114:107-14. 2003
    ....
  99. ncbi Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand PK11195 reduces microglial activation and neuronal death in quinolinic acid-injected rat striatum
    Jae K Ryu
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
    Neurobiol Dis 20:550-61. 2005
    ....
  100. ncbi Impaired capacity for upregulation of MHC class II in tumor-associated microglia
    Jill M Schartner
    Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI 53792-3232, USA
    Glia 51:279-85. 2005
    ..Understanding the mechanism of these differences may be critical in the development of novel immunotherapies for malignant glioma...
  101. ncbi Signal transduction pathways regulating cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary rat microglia
    Ravi Shankar Akundi
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
    Glia 51:199-208. 2005
    Microglia are the major cell type involved in neuroinflammatory events in brain diseases such as encephalitis, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders, and contribute significantly to the release of prostaglandins (PGs) during neuronal ..

Research Grants84

  1. Inhibition of the Membrane Fusion Proteins of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses
    Margaret Kielian; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..and alphaviruses are spread by mosquito and tick vectors and cause severe human and animal illnesses such as encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever...
  2. 2nd International Pathogenesis of Rare Neuroimmunologic Disorders
    Douglas Kerr; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..NMO), optic neuritis (ON), multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Hashimoto?s encephalitis, Rasmussen?s encephalitis, paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PE), and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric ..
  3. CHEMOKINE-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION AND REPAIR DURING WNV ENCEPHALITIS
    ROBYN SUE KLEIN; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..and their receptors in contributing to viral clearance, immunopathology and repair in a murine model of WNV encephalitis. Murine WNV infection is well-accepted flavivirus encephalitis model whereby subcutaneous infection with low ..
  4. Mechanisms of apoptosis in the central nervous system
    Kenneth Tyler; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Viral-induced encephalitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world...
  5. Innate immune evasion and/or antagonism by eastern equine encephalitis virus
    KATHERINE RYMAN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), an Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae, is classified in Category B of the NIH Priority Pathogens List, and as a high consequence livestock pathogen by the USDA because it is highly lethal for ..
  6. Invasion of California by West Nile Virus
    William Reisen; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Louis encephalitis virus [SLE] transmission provides a unique natural experiment to test the hypothesis that similarities in ..
  7. Characterization of the La Crosse Virus glycoprotein fusion peptide
    Francisco Gonzalez Scarano; Fiscal Year: 2009
    La Crosse virus (LACV), a NIAID Category B priority pathogen, is a common cause of pediatric encephalitis and aseptic meningitis in areas of the Midwestern United States where its principal mosquito vector, Ochlerotatus (formerly Aedes) ..
  8. Characterization of the La Crosse Virus glycoprotein fusion peptide
    Francisco Gonzalez Scarano; Fiscal Year: 2010
    La Crosse virus (LACV), a NIAID Category B priority pathogen, is a common cause of pediatric encephalitis and aseptic meningitis in areas of the Midwestern United States where its principal mosquito vector, Ochlerotatus (formerly Aedes) ..
  9. Replicon-based screening for inhibitors of alphaviruses
    PAUL OLIVO; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..We are particularly targeting the more pathogenic encephalitis-causing viruses from the alphavirus genus, such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Eastern equine ..
  10. ACUTE ALPHAVIRUAL ENCEPHALITIS
    Diane Griffin; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..are important causes of mosquito-borne encephalomyelitis and western, eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are considered category B agents of bioterrorist concern. VEEV has been weaponized...
  11. Novel Therapeutics for Neurotropic Alphaviruses
    David J Miller; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Neurotropic alphaviruses such as western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes, cause serious and potentially fatal central nervous system infections in humans, and are considered NIAID ..
  12. Virus-Host Interactions that Lead to Epilepsy
    Robert S Fujinami; Fiscal Year: 2011
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in encephalitis. Viral encephalitis is a risk factor for epilepsy. Epilepsy has an incidence of about 1 to 3% and affects about 2...
  13. Virus-Host Interactions that Lead to Epilepsy
    Robert S Fujinami; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in encephalitis. Viral encephalitis is a risk factor for epilepsy. Epilepsy has an incidence of about 1 to 3% and affects about 2...
  14. MECHANISM OF LATENCY OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
    Nigel Fraser; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) can cause a wide range of diseases including skin lesions which are common, encephalitis which is rare, an HSV infection of the eye which is a leading cause of blindness in the USA (400,000 cases)...
  15. ACUTE ALPHAVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
    Diane Griffin; Fiscal Year: 1999
    Alphaviruses, such as Eastern and Western equine encephalitis viruses, are important causes of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the Americas, and infected individuals have disease manifestations ranging from a mild febrile illness to fatal ..
  16. Modeling and empirical studies of arboviruses in Florida
    CYNTHIA LORD; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In 2002, there were over 4000 human cases of West Nile (WN) fever or encephalitis in the US. Other arboviruses such as St...
  17. Identification and Analysis of Flavivirus Protease and RNA Helicase Inhibitors
    Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..These viruses, in addition to flu-like symptoms, can cause hemorrhagic fevers (YFV and DEN) or encephalitis and/or meningo-encephalitis in susceptible humans...
  18. Identification and Analysis of Flavivirus Protease and RNA Helicase Inhibitors
    Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These viruses, in addition to flu-like symptoms, can cause hemorrhagic fevers (YFV and DEN) or encephalitis and/or meningo-encephalitis in susceptible humans...
  19. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ALPHAVIRUS MEMBRANE FUSION PROTEIN
    Margaret Kielian; Fiscal Year: 2006
    Alphaviruses and flaviviruses are the causative agents of severe human and animal illnesses such as encephalitis, polyarthritis, and dengue fever, with millions of cases in humans per year...
  20. Immunity to brain Ma proteins: A remote effect of cancer
    Josep Dalmau; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We identified this disorder in men with testicular tumors and brainstem and limbic encephalitis (LE) who developed antibodies to neuronal proteins expressed by the tumors...
  21. Immunity to brain Ma proteins: A remote effect of cancer
    Josep Dalmau; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..We identified this disorder in men with testicular tumors and brainstem and limbic encephalitis (LE) who developed antibodies to neuronal proteins expressed by the tumors...
  22. ECOLOGY AND GENETICS OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS
    Scott Weaver; Fiscal Year: 2005
    DESCRIPTION: Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is an emerging arboviral disease and a public and veterinary health threat throughout the Americas, including the United States...
  23. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ALPHAVIRUS MEMBRANE FUSION PROTEIN
    Margaret Kielian; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Alphaviruses and flaviviruses cause severe human and animal illnesses such as encephalitis, polyarthritis, and dengue fever, with millions of cases in humans per year...
  24. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ALPHAVIRUS MEMBRANE FUSION PROTEIN
    Margaret Kielian; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Alphaviruses and flaviviruses cause severe human and animal illnesses such as encephalitis, polyarthritis, and dengue fever, with millions of cases in humans per year...
  25. YELLOW FEVER 17D-BASED CHIMERIC FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES
    Thomas Chambers; Fiscal Year: 2001
    Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses are important causes of human disease on a global scale and vaccine development against both viruses remains a public health priority...
  26. YELLOW FEVER 17D-BASED CHIMERIC FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES
    William Wold; Fiscal Year: 2002
    Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses are important causes of human disease on a global scale and vaccine development against both viruses remains a public health priority...
  27. Viral Encephalitis, Chemokines and Sleep
    LARRY D contact SANFORD; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..phase after inoculation with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), a well- established animal model of viral encephalitis, and to determine the relationship these changes have to viral- induced changes in profiles of chemokines and ..
  28. Stable Micronized Vaccines Against Smallpox and Japanese Encephalitis
    VICTOR BRONSHTEIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In recent years, mosquito-borne infections are reemerging or emerging worldwide at an alarming rate. Japanese Encephalitis is a potential agent of bioterrorism; it has been designated as Category C Priority Pathogen...