rodent diseases

..Different aspects of hantavirus ecology, molecular biology, morphology, pathogenesis and diagnostics are discussed in the offered survey...

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..This provides important information in terms of monitoring the risk to humans of acquiring pathogen-infected ticks...

..major together with hamster and BALB-c mice developed cutaneous lesions. The active lesions, the rodents' ecological habitats and the presence of insect-vector may pave the way to an epidemic zoonotic leishmaniasis role...

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..The documentation of viremia in these animals suggests that they may have a role in the epidemiology of vector-borne vesicular stomatitis...

..Taken together, the data suggest that small mammals may maintain TBEV as a persistent infection throughout the year...

..These results highlight the potential value of rodents as shared indicators for these pathogens...

..Fatal neurological disturbances were observed in B. procyonis-infected gerbils, whereas irreversible non-fatal neurological symptoms were observed in the case of B. transfuga...

..This demonstrates the utility of an MLMT-based approach to elucidating the epidemiology of P. marneffei...

..The impact of habitat change (in this case successional change following field abandonment) on tick densities is emphasised, and the role of Apodemus as an epidemiological bridge, linking woodland and field habitats, is highlighted...

..7% for one of the cases of HFRS--the human- and Rattus norvegicus-originated SEOV sequences--had only two silent substitutions, suggesting genetic analysis is an essential tool for "case-investigation."..

..In addition, we summarize all these complexities and provide suggestions for future research directions...

..We review mechanisms by which an adaptive coexistence has evolved. (Part of a multi-author review)...

..tuberculata cynomuris abundance, and in September-October when O. hirsuta is common. Our findings may be useful in determining the timing of insecticidal dusting to slow plague transmission in black-tailed prairie dogs...

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..We here show for the first time that A. flavicollis beside M. glareolus is a hypothetic host for CPXV, and that there are big geographical and spatial variations concerning the seroprevalence in rodent populations in South Germany...

..The results of the application of the isodar theory suggest that ectoparasites, like other animals, behave as if they are able to make choices and decisions that favour environments in which their reproductive benefit is maximized...

..Seasonal changes in the general indices of some ectoparasites paralleled seasonal changes in the relative abundance of their rat hosts...

..Each of the ordination axes corresponded with a change in flea species composition. The directions of these changes were (1) among-hosts within a habitat and (2) among-habitats within a host...

..This identifies the particular climatic factors that permit such patterns of tick seasonal dynamics as the primary predictors for the focal distribution of TBE...

..69 lice/rat), Mites N = 165 (1.2 mite/rat) and larva of ticks N=16 (0.12 tick/rat). No doubt, rodents and their ectoparasites played a serious role in spreading and transmission of zoonotic diseases to human and animal...

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..Future studies are needed to determine whether flea abundance or species composition changes during epizootics when humans are most at risk of exposure...

..The name Bartonella birtlesii is proposed for the new species. The type strain of B. birtlesii sp. nov. is IBS 325T (= CIP 106294T = CCUG 44360T)...

..We also analyzed serum samples from a patient from Lolland with a history of hantavirus-like infection, probably caused by SAAV. Thus, in addition to Puumala virus, SAAV can impose a threat for the human health in Denmark...

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..We parameterized predictive models that should reduce the costs of plague surveillance in central Asia and thereby encourage its continuance...

..Understanding the mechanisms by which EVEV-infected cotton rats resist clinical disease may be useful in developing VEE therapeutics for equines and humans...

..The possibility that the importance of such transmission routes may have been underestimated in 'vector-borne' infections more generally is discussed...

..These results indicated that the enrofloxacin susceptibility of P. pneumotropica was higher than that of Ps. aeruginosa, and that the enrofloxacin treatment might not affect the susceptibility of Ps. aeruginosa...

..Increased stress at peak densities is thought to be an important trigger for the development of disease, as the occurrence of disease in laboratory mice has been found to be triggered by introducing stress to LV-infected animals...

..possibly reflecting the importance of flea exchange between hosts. However, even closely related species showed quite different dynamics, emphasising that other factors such as population age structure can impact on zoonotic risk...

..trianguliceps, which may alone maintain endemic cycles, and exophilic I. ricinus ticks, which could act as a bridge vector and transmit infections to humans and domesticated animals...

..Our data are consistent with the idea that infection with coccidian parasites may be one of the factors responsible for declining host populations in small, isolated populations...

..Concurrent presence of virus antibodies (LCMV) and cyst forms of Pneumocystis were detected only in 1 M. minutus. In conclusion, we found no evidence of any association between Pneumocystis and antibodies to any of the viruses tested...

..Our findings did not support the use of the nitroblue-tetrazolium test characterization of plague-infected hosts. Y. pestis infection reduced survival of otherwise asymptomatic hosts...

..However, the viruses detected in A. peninsulae in China are genetically different from those detected in A. peninsulae in other countries. These data suggest that A. peninsulae is also a natural host for HTNV in north-eastern China...

..In addition, urine samples (N = 17) opportunistically collected from fox squirrels were negative for WNV RNA. Results indicate that seroconversions can be observed in fox squirrels during low WNV transmission years...

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..Detection of viral RNA in tissue samples and excreta/secreta from mice suggest that differences may exist between naturally infected rodents with respect to viral shedding...

..maximowiczii is the natural host of KHAV including Yakeshi-Mm strains. Thus, in addition to Hantaan, Seoul, Dabieshan and Puumala-like Hokkaido viruses, at least two other hantaviruses, namely KHAV and VLAV, are circulating in China...

..Conceptually, the viruses from Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah and strain AV 9310135 could be grouped together in a species complex in the family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus...

..Although E. multilocularis infections were exceptional, it is expected that with a rise in the number of infected foxes in the Netherlands the number of infected musk rats will increase...

..These results suggest that the HFRS outbreak in Shenyang was caused by SEOV that was circulating among local wild rats and had also infected the laboratory rats...

..The spatial clustering of exposed animals suggests interesting underlying spatially heterogeneous environmental variables that could facilitate the persistence of A. phagocytophilum in nature...

..These data confirm that wood rats are susceptible to E. phagocytophila s.l., may develop prolonged infection without clinical ehrlichiosis, and may play a role in maintaining E. phagocytophila s.l. in nature...

..This is the first study to clearly suggest a detrimental effect of SNV infection on deer mice...

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..A high prevalence of anti-HEV was found in animals captured on mainland versus barrier islands. The results from this study provide convincing evidence of widespread HEV or HEV-like infection in rodents of the United States...

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..maniculatus). Most antibody-positive mice were adult male Peromyscus captured close to one another early in the study. Population dynamics of brush mice suggest a correlation between population size and hantavirus-antibody prevalence...

..boylii varied by population density and reflected the species preference for dense chaparral habitats. The focal ranges of antibody-positive P. boylii also demonstrated a patchy distribution of hantavirus...

..Only M. spretus was resistant to virus-induced splenomegaly and did not restrict replication of Friend virus helper murine leukemia virus. Genetic studies confirmed that this mouse carries the resistance allele at Fv-2...

..The discovery of Bear Canyon virus is the first unequivocal evidence that the virus family Arenaviridae is naturally associated with the rodent genus Peromyscus and that a Tacaribe serocomplex virus occurs in California...

..This study confirms that woodland rodents can maintain A. phagocytophila in Great Britain in the absence of other reservoir hosts and suggests that I. trianguliceps is a competent vector...

..However, the Cambodian Seoul virus sequences clustered within two different phylogenetic lineages, one associated with R. rattus and the other with R. norvegicus...

..This supposes that the origin of the arenaviruses has to be found out of Africa...

..Nine (9%) of the rodent serum samples were positive. These results confirm the occurrence of LCMV infections in Man and rodents in Spain...

..This would imply that the risk of Puumala virus exposure to conspecifics and humans is habitat and site dependent with a temporal component...

..phagocytophilum sequences,as were msp4 and groESL. These findings indicate that the newly discovered agent represents a novel A. phagocytophilum variant...

..8%), were identified in wild-caught rats. The risk of pathogen transmission from wild-caught rats to laboratory colonies needs to be mitigated by minimizing exposures rather than assuming wild animals represent a minimal hazard...

..The test can be used to detect rodents positive for SNV antibody while they are in traps. We show that results with the SIA have excellent concordance with western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests...

..Although these preliminary results support presence of several virus groups with zoonotic potential, additional studies are needed to identify the specific viruses that are present in these populations...

..They were P. papatasi (1150) and P. sergenti (170) in a ratio of 7:1. A total of three isolates of zymodeme London 70 undistinguished from the formerly obtained human and rodent isolates were enzymatically identified in P. papatasi...

..New viruses, different hosts, and different human syndromes may be discovered in the future mainly in Southeastern Asia and in Africa where Muridae rodents are present and highly diversified...

..Although mice and rats had N. caninum by PCR testing, clinical signs of N. caninum infection were not observed nor were N. caninum parasites observed in gerbils or KO mice inoculated with the rodent brain tissue...

..glareolus and Muju virus associated with M. regulus, (ii) confirm that M. fortis is the natural host for VLAV, and (iii) suggest M. oeconomus as an alternative host for VLAV...

..Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify the distribution of Bartonella in rodents and their ectoparasites in China to define the role of these arthropods in the transmission routes of Bartonella...

..30%, respectively). Factors associated with an increased risk for T. gondii seropositivity in rodents were capture location >or=200 m from residential housing and adult age...

..JUQV was also confirmed in 5 Oligoryzomys nigripes reservoir species from Misiones. A novel Akodon-borne genetic hantavirus lineage was detected in 1 rodent from the Biologic Reserve of Limoy...

..These results indicate that Junin virus IgG ELISA is the most suitable assay for detection of Junin virus antibodies in rodent samples...

..This study confirms that plague is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off...

..Given the moderate climate and diversity of rodents and arthropods in the Morro Bay area, ongoing investigation of this region will be helpful in understanding disease maintenance cycles...

..pestis, and possibly, serve as a short-term reservoir for plague, but provide no evidence that the grasshopper mouse or any small rodent acts as a long-term, enzootic host for Y. pestis in prairie dog colonies...

..This analysis, based on cryopreserved specimens, represents the earliest conducted longitudinal, mark-recapture study of the dynamics of infection of autochthonous American hantaviruses in their sigmodontine host populations...

..caninum infection also in the sylvatic cycle. The possibility that dogs could be infected by eating infected house mice suggests new opportunities for N. caninum prophylaxis and control...

..Diseases of the skin are particularly well represented, especially tumors and inflammatory processes...

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..Morphological affinities between these new species and those already described provide taxonomic framework for the genus. An updated identification key is provided for the diagnosis of all the 20 Malagasy species of Leptopsyllinae...

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..The identity of A. sylvaticus was unequivocally confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The data seem to indicate hantavirus spillover from Apodemus flavicollis to other rodents...

..Further investigations were needed in different areas in China to confirm more mammalian reservoir hosts with Bartonella infections...

..Apart from Puumala virus that was carried by Clethrionomys glareolus, 2 additional rodent species, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus, were found antibody- and/or RNA-positive...

..rattus, and C. rufocanus carry hantaviruses as the reservoir animals in Japan. Infected R. rattus and R. norvegicus in port areas could be the sources of human SEOV infection and a threat to travelers and individuals working in seaports...

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..S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan...

..Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence from different rodents were highly homologous, while nucleotide mutation had also been observed. Further studies are required to explore the possible virus sequence mutation...

..russatus. A mutualistic association between the staphylinid beetle Amblyopinus sp. and its host P. iheringi (Echimyidae) was observed. The few N. squamipes captured had small numbers of ectoparasites...

..Thus, small rodents should be considered as an important reservoir of C. parvum genotypes closely related to the zoonotic genotype 2 and potentially hazardous to humans...

..parvum (genotype C) inform us that all these isolates should be treated as potentially hazardous for human health...

..However, given the total number of animals tested, the role of these rodent species in the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infections remains unclear...

..As for the ability to transmit the plague agent, similar seasonal increasing was noted in males, but in females, the ability to inoculate the plague microbe was always maintained at the same level...

..In Chile, three Hantavirus seropositive rodent species (O longicaudatus, A olivaceus and A longipilis) are distributed from the Pacific coast to the Andes mountains and represent nearly 90% of the rodents captured in the Xth Region...

..The results suggest that the particular characteristics of this rodent would give it better possibilities not only of being infested by ectoparasites, but also of transmitting them to its progeny...

..These results indicate that the applicability of secondary antibodies and protein A and G should be carefully evaluated before use for serodiagnosis in different rodent species...

..The IgG antibody prevalence data for rodents suggest that Bolomys lasiurus and perhaps Akodon sp. are potential hantavirus reservoirs in this state of Brazil...

..As C. hepaticum is potentially zoonotic, members of staff in zoos should be careful to avoid soil-to-mouth contact, particularly in prairie dog enclosures...

..7%), Meriones crassus (11.8%), Juculus jaculus (zero%), Acomys c. dimidiatus (9.4%). The overall positive IHA reac-tion was 11/143 or 14.7%. The presence of natural fascioliasis infection in imported sheep and wild rodents were discussed...

..Johnson. This will be accompanied by development of an easy-to-use software/ hardware package that will integrate all screening techniques in a single, serial protocol for use on individual mice. ..

..The information that will be gained from this study is essential for the successful discovery of biological processes that impact on cognitive function in SLE that could be potentially amenable to disease-reversing therapies. ..

..The ultimate goal is to develop new approaches for amelioration and treatment ofpresbycusis and other hearing disorders. ..

..As such, these studies will also allow an estimation of the proportion of the racial disparity in breast cancer that can be explained by social inequalities. ..

..The pathogenic bacterium Yersinia is responsible for a range of human and rodent diseases from diarrhea to the bubonic plague...

..FFPNA will greatly enhance the diagnostic capabilities for routine health monitoring of laboratory rodents and will provide a viable, cost-effective alternative for RAP testing. ..

..In addition, these studies will provide information about perturbations in host physiology and gene expression induced by murine parvoviruses, and basic scientific information about parvovirus host interaction. ..

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..g. hemolysin) and bacterially induced host response elements in directly mediating the pathogenesis of lung injury. ..

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..We will evaluate this by developing models that are based on currently available data about infection dynamics and then use these early models' deficiencies to direct us in further experimentation and modelbuilding. ..

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..g., hearing-aids) is commonly given to presbycusis patients and others with sensorineural hearing loss, determining the effects of AAEs (good or bad) on the auditory system has great potential clinical importance. ..

..The project is of 3 years duration, consists of both field and laboratory studies, and involves the disciplines of virology, pathology, molecular biology, genetics, mammalogy, ecology and epidemiology. ..

..Significance: These experiments have the potential to uncover the identity of a lupus susceptibility gene on murine chromosome 4, that potentially impacts B-cell hyperactivity, pathogenic ANA formation. and end-organ disease. ..

..Dr. Duran-Struuck will be exposed to all of these disciplines as his project progresses. ..

..We currently have 5 rooms that house rodents in ventilated filter-top caging but do not have access to a workstation. ..

..burgdorferi, its transmission, and reservoir host immunize responses. The results may also have relevance for the control of other vector-bone zoonotic diseases and perhaps for development of novel methods for vaccine delivery. ..