contraception

..Because oral contracep tives (OCs) have been the predominant form of highly effective contraceptio in the U.S., it is unknown whether condom use is similarly low with increasingly promoted user-independent methods...

..However, in settings where unintended pregnancy is the greater concern, emphasizing the two-methods approach as a first option may be appropriate...

..To determine how a positive HIV diagnosis influences fertility desires and reproductive decisions for women and men living in western Uganda...

..To characterize dual-method protection users and report the prevalence of dual-method use among young adult African American women residing in the Southeastern United States...

..Most of the women lacked basic information about reproduction and contraception, and did not know where or how to obtain contraception...

Based on a nationally representive household survey of Kuwaiti women held in 1999 (n = 1502) unmet need for contraception was analyzed in Kuwait, an oil-rich Muslim country. It was found that 9...

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..Greater skepticism about self-reports and more objective means of documenting coitus and contraceptive use are needed if contraceptive efficacy is to be accurately measured...

..The use of effective contraception has, therefore, been avoided, despite many affected women being of reproductive age...

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..To provide a comprehensive and objective summary of contraceptive failure rates for a variety of methods based on a systematic review of the literature...

..Our purpose was to determine the effectiveness of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic-initiated contraceptive care...

..It is important to notice that, over its 50 years of history, the original method for hormonal contraception (HC), universally known as ''the pill'', developed into a variety of modalities that today utilise a number of ..

..of the molecular events determining receptivity may therefore provide potential targets for postcoital contraception. Using the mouse as a model, we identified molecules specifically regulated in the endometrium at very early ..

..as normal weight women, although limited data are available on the effects of obesity on the efficacy of contraception. Conflicting data exist regarding efficacy of oral contraceptives in obese women, although trends of oral ..

..The use of intrauterine devices is an alternative method of contraception in the majority of women, with the advantage of no relevant drug-drug interactions...

..These findings have provided an important theoretical basis for designing combined male contraceptives. This present review summarized progress on the mechanism of heat-induced germ cell apoptosis...

..To assess the reliability and validity of the ORTHO Birth Control Satisfaction Assessment Tool (ORTHO BC-SAT)...

..This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of various types of sex steroid hormones on immune processes involved in the biology of HIV-1 infection...

The term "forgettable contraception" has received less attention in family planning than has "long-acting reversible contraception...

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS) is a long-acting, fully reversible method of contraception. It is one of the most effective forms of contraception available, and combines the advantages of both hormonal and ..

..To ascertain the perspectives of family-planning service providers in eight sites in China on the provision of sexual and reproductive health services to unmarried young people...

..To examine self-reported professional practices of postpartum contraceptive counselling at Finnish community health centres...

..The actual use of contraception differs from region to region...

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..the peer-reviewed literature for prospective studies published from January 1966 to August 2008 that assessed contraception and STI/HIV risk...

..This study aimed to describe reported contraceptive and abortion utilization and their relationship to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan...

..Since the launch of the pill 50 years ago, a number of cross-sectional surveys have examined contraceptive use in the Australian context. There is, however, little data on contraceptive use and efficacy over a woman's reproductive years...

A study was performed to evaluate the impact of knowledge of HIV infection (diagnosis) on contraception information and choices for HIV infected women. A questionnaire was given to 140 HIV infected women...

..members' attitude towards family planning and power within networks was found to be positively associated with contraception use...

In Cambodia, unmet need for contraception is high. Studies suggest that social support and parity each play a role in contraceptive decision making.

..The women gave birth to 7,951 infants, 95% of whom were breastfed; 44% of the mothers used contraception while breastfeeding...

The synthetic progestins used for contraception so far are structurally related either to testosterone (estranes and gonanes) or to progesterone (pregnanes and 19-norpregnanes)...

..This study examines the impact of an intervention to promote dual-method contraceptive use among HIV concordant and discordant couples already using condoms for HIV prevention...

This study was conducted to examine associations with contraception methods used at last sexual intercourse among US adolescents.

b>Contraception remains an important part of national efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the United States...

This report provides a content analysis of studies conducted with Jordanian women on contraception. Factors such as pressure to have children, number and gender of children, location of residence, influence of religion, level of ..

..This raises the prospect of endometrial contraception, i.e...

The postpartum time is a unique time to address patient's contraceptive needs and provide education. There are little data to suggest the best approach to provide information about contraception after delivery.

..This Review addresses the contribution that the "omic" revolution can make to the identification of novel contraceptive targets, as well as the progress that has been made for different target molecules under development...

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..To investigate possible underlying mechanisms for alterations in lamotrigine (LTG) kinetics by gestation and use of contraceptives...

..Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) are used to interpret trends in teenage pregnancy and in total pregnancy and fertility rates...

..The primary objective was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of abortion and the secondary objective was to describe the use of contraceptive methods among female sex workers (FSW) in Bogota, Colombia...

..Obese women are less likely to use contraception due to a variety of self-induced and systems-based barriers but their risk of becoming pregnant is similar to ..

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..The choice of progestin may be more important than the phasic regimen in determining bleeding patterns...

Intrauterine devices (IUD) are safe and effective methods of long term reversible contraception. Design and copper content of IUDs could affect their effectiveness and side-effect profile.

..At one extreme a woman's natural susceptibility status appears to have little bearing on the decision to use contraception in Zimbabwe, with widespread 'double-protection'...

..Kenya wanted fewer children than those in Uganda, but that in Uganda there was also a greater unmet need for contraception. We suggest that these differences may be attributed, in part at least, first, to the divergent paths of ..

To explore young women's accounts of their use and non-use of emergency contraception.

The withdrawal method and other traditional methods of contraception are still used in Turkey. Ninety-eight percent of women in Turkey know about modern family planning methods and where to find contraceptives...

..This paper reviews international, country and service delivery level opportunities for and obstacles to translating contraceptive efficacy into interventions that will have an impact on the effectiveness of HIV prevention...

..published national guidance in England recommended that increased use of long-acting reversible methods of contraception could reduce unintended pregnancy rates...

..CONCLUSION: Low-dose treatment with NB-DNJ over a long period is an effective approach for the regulation of fertility in a male mammal by non-hormonal means, without causing overt adverse effects...

..For example, we find significant relationships with others' use of contraception and others' education. Mass media exposure also emerges as an important diffusion channel...

..The findings show no significant impact on teen sexual activity, no differences in rates of unprotected sex, and some impacts on knowledge of STDs and perceived effectiveness of condoms and birth control pills..

..The authors recommend greater public investment to warrant access to information and means for young people to achieve their reproductive plans in a security and healthy way, respecting their sexual and reproductive rights...

..To improve the acceptability of MR, education on the benefits of MR has to be made available to the whole population...

A community-based survey was conducted in October 2003 to investigate the determinants of contraception use and probability of 2 years continuation among ever married women of reproductive age in Karak, south Jordan...

..behaviors, from personal characteristics to family context to social support to knowledge about and access to contraception. Improving knowledge about contraception and counseling about successful contraceptive use can be helpful in ..

..in the provision of care between public and private providers of contraceptive services, what problems using contraception these providers perceived their patients to have and providers' views on how to improve their patients' method ..

..Finally, the article presents general strategies and specific suggested steps for providing options counseling...

..the pilot experience of provision of safe abortion/post-abortion services implemented in 2002 at the Mother Child Health clinic in Sihanoukville, Cambodia, and to profile clients and assess their uptake of post-abortion contraception.

..Our aim was to estimate the number of unintended pregnancies in the region and model the impact of expanding use of contraceptive implants at the expense of short-term hormonal birth control methods...

..Current use of contraception was 21.3%. Using the Westoff model, unmet need was 30.7%...

..RESULTS: Women receiving specialist advice and enhanced provision were more likely to leave the hospital with contraception (271 versus 115, P < 0.001), which was more likely to be a long-acting method (141 versus 78, P < 0...

..Contraceptive use among sexually active single hairdressers is lower than the national average. Workplace educational intervention is needed to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among these young women...

..To identify predictors of comprehensive sex education in public schools...

..1) To examine the probability of discontinuation of various methods within 1, 2, and three years of use and the reasons for discontinuation; 2) to analyse the socio-demographic correlates of discontinuation...

..High pregnancy rates among women in trials can undermine statistical measures of safety and effectiveness...

..We conducted a survey of health facilities and household members to determine supply and demand aspects of contraceptive use in Azerbaijan...

..Women felt that reversible contraception is undesirable, socially unacceptable, and usually unnecessary, although the achievement of fertility goals is ..

..Contraceptive prevalence increased by nine percentage points from 1993 to 2000 in Bangladesh, but there was almost no decline in the total fertility rate...

..These findings suggest that high rates of contraceptive discontinuation and failure contributed significantly to the widespread reliance on induced abortion among Romanian women during this period...

..To describe women's perception of health care after they decided to have a voluntary termination of pregnancy and their referral to the abortion clinic...

This survey was conducted to better understand women's experiences with hormonal contraception and their interest in and attitudes toward gaining direct access to oral contraception (OC), patch, ring or emergency contraception (EC) in ..

..5% and traditional methods was 34.1%. Among all respondents, current unmet need for any contraception was 29...

..Given subsequent increases in the numbers of clients served and contraceptive methods offered by the program, updated estimates of its impact on fertility are needed...

..Condoms were considered an effective method of contraception and prevention of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 60.5% and 60.0% respectively...

..However, the relationship between women's receipt of family planning advice during prenatal care and subsequent contraceptive use has not been evaluated...

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..Immediate post-abortal insertion offers the advantage of being a painless procedure. The quality of counseling is critical to improving acceptance of post-abortion contraception.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the free availability of contraception affects the need for termination of pregnancy (TOP). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: South African rural hospital...

..Still, since in this study men chose the method in nearly half of the cases, it is necessary to prioritize couples' participation in family planning programs...

..The results showed that the percentage of women using contraception increased from 30 (27.8%) to 53 (49.1%) at the time of interview...

Modern contraception was born out of the momentum of the demographic explosion that characterised the 20th century; today the phenomenon has acquired complexity because it is interconnected with population aging which is already very ..

..Recent legislative efforts to implement mandated parental involvement for minor adolescents seeking family planning services threaten the rights of adolescents younger than 18 to access reproductive health care...

..Illiterate women with no formal education were significantly less likely to use modern methods of contraception. Differentials in contraceptive use exist regarding place of residence...

..If SC and/or IgA mRNA is hormonally regulated, then synthesis of message will be analyzed. In situ hybridization studies will be carried out to identify cells in the reproductive tract that synthesize SC and IgA...

..trials of BufferGel-Duet for preventing STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and HIV), BV, and for contraception. 2) Reusable Duet, a low-cost, and maximally protective barrier device for use in low resource areas...

..The knowledge obtained may aid in developing new leads for contraception, as well as treatments for infertility and the pubertal disorders polycystic ovary syndrome, hypogonadism, ..

..The knowledge obtained may aid in developing new leads for contraception, as well as treatments for infertility and the pubertal disorders polycystic ovary syndrome, hypogonadism, ..

..The knowledge obtained may aid in developing new leads for contraception, as well as treatments for infertility and the pubertal disorders polycystic ovary syndrome, hypogonadism, ..

..This regimen may therefore provide both effective contraception (with greater leeway for skipped pills) as well as more effective treatment of multiple gynecological ..

..Combined oral contraceptives (OCs), the leading method of contraception in the U.S. and worldwide, may currently represent the most common hormonal exogenous exposure for U.S. women...

..Combined oral contraceptives (OCs), the leading method of contraception in the U.S. and worldwide, may currently represent the most common hormonal exogenous exposure for U.S. women...

Barrier methods of contraception that include a spermicide are increasingly being used to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases...

..S. are unplanned. The availability of long-term, efficacious contraception offers the most practical solution to this public health crisis...

..Third, we will study how ideational factors influence fertility, considering both childbearing and the use of contraception. Fourth, we will examine the ways in which ideational, social, and economic structures intersect and combine ..

b>Contraception and infertility are two major quality of life issues facing women of reproductive age...

..To develop reagents for the investigation of acrosome development, a proteomic analysis of this organelle will be performed. ..

..Once a young woman has given birth, helping her choose an effective method of postpartum contraception is crucial to preventing an unintended pregnancy...

..This basic infrastructure will stimulate health- related research on population growth and movement, fertility, mortality, and nuptiality, as well as the economic and social correlates of demographic behavior. ..

..This basic infrastructure will stimulate health- related research on population growth and movement, fertility, mortality, and nuptiality, as well as the economic and social correlates of demographic behavior. ..

..The RCCS has data to answer these pressing public health questions regarding contraceptive choices and fertility outcomes among HIV+ and HIV- individuals and couples. ..