biolistics

....

..Along with its superior properties as a DNA delivery vehicle, charge-modified gold offers a unique opportunity to deliver various DNA formulations in addition to traditional naked DNA...

..The method can be readily adapted to other cell types and tissues. The protocol can be completed in 1-2 h...

..No significant differences were noted between these two modes of delivery. The major improvement is the possibility of high pressure shooting correlated with appreciable penetration and a weak blast effect...

..This technique of gene transfer was safe and feasible, but resulted in clinically relevant levels of gene expression in only a minority of patients...

..pIL-3 did not affect the expression of the immune response polarizing cytokines, IL-10 and IL-12...

..In this review, we will focus on the in vivo targeted delivery of pDNA and ODN using nonviral carriers...

..However, when attached to the phenobarbital response element both promoters give the same fold-induction of reporter activity in response to phenobarbital...

..To test whether this gun could inoculate a DNA vaccine that stimulates an anti-tumor Th1 immune response, we examined the effect of direct delivery of naked DNA (i.e. without any carrier) on the anti-tumor immune response of mice...

..Recently, particle bombardment has become increasingly popular as a transfection method, because of a reduced dependency on target cell characteristics. In this study, we evaluated in vitro gene transfer by particle bombardment...

..This technique is effective for gene transfer into the heart and may be one of the most useful methods for gene therapy for many cardiovascular diseases in the future...

..Using a linearized cloning plasmid, stable integration into the genome was achieved as demonstrated by PCR and sequencing analysis...

..Our experimental data in combination with B-cell prediction software indicate that strong homologous virus species specific and cross-reactive epitopes are located around amino acid residue 40 in the nucleocapsid proteins...

..Simulations have also been conducted. The results agree well with experimental results in the open literature. The contribution of this paper includes a dynamic model for improving and manipulating performance of the biolistic gene gun...

..The purpose of this organization may therefore be to maximize the opportunity of different spines to interact with different axons...

..We suggest that Avr3a has undergone gene duplication and that an allele evading recognition by R3a arose under positive selection...

There are few powerful techniques available to transfect insect tissues. We previously used biolistics to transfect Bombyx mori embryos, and larval and pupal tissues (Thomas J-L et al. 2001...

..Although we have used sodium channels for the examples that we show here, these methods can also be used to study other types of molecules...

....

..Engineering plasmid constructs for proper cellular localization of gene products is a primary consideration for the preparation of optimally efficacious DNA vaccines...

..This is five times more than we achieve with the same vector using electroporation protocols. We also show that the particle inflow gun can be used for analysis of developmentally regulated gene expression in a transient assay...

..This paper will overview several of the most popular methods used for the introduction of PEBBLE nanosensors to the cellular environment and discuss the efficacy of the techniques...

..To further define the optimal vaccination strategy, we conducted a pilot clinical trial comparing i.m. injection with particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED)...

....

..Biolistic loading of differentiated plant cells is easier, quicker, and more widely applicable than micro-injection, and should broaden the study of plant signal transduction...

..The ballistic delivery of calcium indicators thus opens up many new avenues for further exploration of the structure and function of the nervous system from single spines to neuronal networks...

..Successful clinical applications of nonviral vectors will rely on a better understanding of barriers in gene transfer and development of vectors that can overcome these barriers...

..Graft-transmitted silencing is maintained in class II but not in class I plants when removed from silenced stocks, indicating similar requirements for spontaneous triggering and maintenance...

..functional study of the tissue and temporal specificity of the 6F6 putative promoter region, we decided to apply biolistics. In the present work, use of a region from the 6F6...

..Taken together, our results demonstrate direct transfection, activation, and antigen-specific stimulatory function of in situ transduced human Langerhans cells...

..Furthermore, our results demonstrate that a DNA-based vaccine is capable of establishing protection from lethal orthopoxvirus challenges when administered as a prime and single boost without requiring adjuvant...

..In addition, substantial numbers of IFN-gamma-producing CD8 + effector T cells were found in vaccinated mice. CONCLUSION: Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination prevents the induction of long-lasting IgE antibody production...

..These results show that active immunization with xenogeneic DNA vaccines can induce CD8+ T cell-dependent immunity against CD20...

..Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a severe livestock disease, and the virus is an interesting target for virology and vaccine studies...

..In previous work, we prepared the E7GGG gene containing point mutations resulting in substitution of three amino acids in the pRb-binding site of the HPV16 E7 protein...

..We conclude that a 'naked DNA' polyepitope vaccine generates specific responses to constituent epitopes and that adjacent irrelevant epitopes may enhance these responses...

..These results implied the possible clinical application of multivalent DNA vaccine against P. aeruginosa...

..Pigs vaccinated with ORF1 or ORF4 were primed for antibody response against NSP2 or GP4, respectively. Neutralising antibodies were detected in all pigs, with ORF5 vaccinated pigs showing the highest titres...

..Vaccination with either pSecTag PA83 or pCMV/ER PA83 showed significant protection of A/J mice against infection with B. anthracis STI spores...

..RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-TspE1 was successfully constructed and expressed in the BALB/c mice...

..It is noteworthy to document that genetic immunization with pGFP plus pTRP-2(181-188) failed to exert the antitumour immunity...

..Particle-mediated DNA vaccines represent a promising tool for developing candidate vaccines against some of the more difficult infectious, parasitic and oncologic disease targets...

..Collectively, these studies suggest that both imiquimod and resiquimod may be suitable adjuvants for therapeutic DNA vaccines requiring induction of potent cytotoxic T cell responses...

..The low responses to the pcDNA1/faeG19 DNA vaccination suggest that delivery of the DNA and/or the expression of the faeG gene should be improved...

..Its immunogenicity has been substantially enhanced by fusion with several proteins of various origins and functions. Different mechanisms have been responsible for increased vaccination efficacy of fusion proteins...

..However, intra-dermal co-administration of pMEa and pGM-CSF in mice using the gene gun, enhanced anti-JEV antibody titers resulting in an increased level of protection in mice against lethal JEV challenge...

..Thus, needle-free delivery of plasmid DNA may provide additional flexibility and options for effective prime-boost vaccination...

..Further investigations will have to address the role of Langerhans cells for the activation of cellular immunity in the skin...

..Activated CD4(+) T cells locally strengthen the response of CD8(+) CTL, thus enhancing the potency of a DNA vaccine...

..The nt58-1299 of NA DNA may play an important role in protection against influenza virus...

..These results demonstrate that the C. muridarum genome can be screened for individual vaccine candidates by genetic immunization and that the screen produces novel and partially protective vaccine candidates...

..Abeta42 gene vaccination significantly reduces the Abeta42 burden of the brain in treated APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 transgenic mice with no overlap between treated and control mice...

....

..DNA vaccine with a L-HDAg construct may not be a candidate HDV vaccine to generate anti-HDV humoral immunity...

....

..Their antitumor effect was comparable to those of the whole E7 gene and Sig/E7GGG/LAMP-1 fusion gene. There was no relevant difference between immune responses elicited by CP-E7 and CPdel-E7 DNA vaccination...

..The gene-gun technique could thus provide an interesting model for studying skin DC abnormalities in NOD mice and their potential implication of presenting mimetic peptides that modulate the autoimmune response in T1D...

..These results may help to explain the mechanism of different types of immune response induced by DNA vaccines delivered by different routes and facilitate the application of DNA vaccines...

..Collectively, these data indicate that broad expression of the immunogen is required for optimal induction of protective acquired immunity...

..canis infection, suggesting their possible use in further combined therapeutic interventions...

..These results suggest that in vivo electroporation can be used as an efficient gene delivery system for DNA vaccines to provide efficient protection against viral infection...

..m.)/intradermal (i.d.) injection of plasmid DNA. This indicates, that the ear is an attractive site for gene gun vaccination of pigs...

....

..m.) and biojector administrations. Thus, our data suggest that DNA vaccination via gene gun represents the most potent regimen for DNA administration...

..CONCLUSION: Gene gun-mediated gene transfer is effective and practicable. DNA vaccine pWRG-neu is potent in preventing subsequent tumor cells challenge, inhibiting the tumor growth and metastasis...

Organotypic slice cultures from postnatal day 12 mouse cerebellum were transfected using three nonviral methods: biolistics (gene gun), lipotransfection, and electroporation...

..Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells...

..We monitored a lipopeptide-dependent shift from a Th1-type to Th2-type response, when DNA immunization was followed by i.p. administration of the lipopeptide adjuvant...

..The results suggest that the enhancement of survival against lethal blood-stage malaria challenge after utilizing MSP4/5 DNA vaccination is therefore highly dependent on the route and type of vaccine vector employed...

..This study aimed to construct a recombinant encoding E protein of the Beijing-1 strain derived from Japanese encephalitis virus and analyze the humoral, cellular and protective immunity induced by the above recombinant...

..Furthermore, the data also indicate a strong and even systemic adjuvant effect of the gene gun shot itself...

..gondii organisms compared with 50 microg of T.g.HSP70 gene vaccination by intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The vaccine effects of T.g.HSP70 gene persisted for more than 3 months...

..This report illustrates that DNA immunisation protocols to achieve high-titre, venom toxin-specific antibody production are well advanced and encourage the development of a DNA-based approach to antivenom production...

..The FV type A or P was used as a challenge. The immunization with gag- and env-derived vaccines resulted in protective immunity in a high proportion of mice...

..yoelii. The results indicate that combined vaccination with DNA encoding antigenic peptides plus IL-12 DNA provides a strategy for improving the prophylactic efficacy of a vaccine for malaria infection...

..However, the protective effect of the vaccine was not affected by coadministering plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 using the microseeding technique...

..Our results indicate that direct transfection is a predominant pathway for LC Ag loading. The ability to regulate transgene expression with inducible DC-based vaccines demonstrates a new level of immunological control...

..Long-term protection following DNA vaccination may require revaccination, higher doses of DNA, or a vaccine that contains additional epitopes or adjuvants...

..We conclude that high-throughput cloning of exons into DNA vaccines and their screening is feasible and can rapidly identify new malaria vaccine candidate antigens...

..Our findings indicated that it is feasible to return transgenic miracidia to the life cycle, a crucial step for the establishment of a transgenesis system for schistosomes...

....

....

..These results highlight the critical need to identify reliable, specific immunological parameters that may predict success or failure of an immune response against cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS: A DNA vaccine to the liver may be one strategy for preventing infectious disease associated with liver transplantation under tacrolimus treatment...

..Based on different prime-boost protocols, we could polarize immune responses to predominantly Th1 or Th2, which should enable future studies of the types of immune responses that are protective in mouse models of gonorrhea...

..has previously been reported after cocultivation of explants with Agrobacterium and biolistics of embryogenic calli...

Direct DNA delivery procedures (include biolistics method) often resulted in multiple copies of the transgenes in transformants and certain copies of them were rearranged...

..organotypic slice-explant cultures of rat hypothalamus as in vitro models, and particle-mediated gene transfer (biolistics) transfection methods to identify critical DNA sequences in the IGR between the OT and VP genes responsible for ..

..In this study, we describe the use of biolistics as a higher-throughput method of nucleic acid delivery. By bombarding dechorionated D...

..Maize embryogenic callus were transformed with the above construct by biolistics. Regenerated maize plants were recovered and grown in a greenhouse...

We have used particle bombardment (biolistics) to deliver replication-competent wheat dwarf virus (WDV)-based constructs, carrying reporter gene sequences fused to the virion sense promoter (Pv) or the CaMV 35S promoter, to suspension ..

Genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or Agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta...

Transgenic trees currently are being produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistics. Since trees are particularly suited for long-term evaluations of the impact of the technology, Prunus subhirtella autumno rosa (PAR) ..

..We evaluated particle bombardment (biolistics) as a strategy to introduce and express nucleic acids in these multicellular parasites...

..situ labeling of apoptotic cells, and analysis of cerebellar slices following particle-mediated gene transfer (biolistics), we have studied the relationship of cell death and cleavage of caspase 3, a key molecule in the execution of ..

..b>Biolistics using a promoter reporter showed that GA and ABA regulate ICL at the level of transcription...

..AbMBV is transmissible to Nicotiana benthamiana and Malva parviflora by biolistics of rolling-circle amplification products and induces characteristic mosaic and vein-clearing symptoms in M...

With current plant transformation methods ( Agrobacterium, biolistics and protoplast fusion), insertion of DNA into the genome occurs randomly and in many instances at multiple sites...

..abstract_text> ..

..of M-CSFR on microglia protects neurons from excitotoxic injury in slice cultures transfected using biolistics, and in a microglial-hippocampal organotypic co-culture system...

device, based on particle-mediated gene transfer (or 'biolistics'), for the identification and validation of candidate therapeutic drugs and targets...

....

..At the end of this phase 1 study, a standardized schedule will be established in phase II to prepare for large-scale production and testing of this much needed, perhaps essential, product in biodefense against anthrax attacks. ..

....

..The proposed use of biotherapy with NTX is an innovative approach whereby the patient's own growth regulatory mechanisms are manipulated to correct complications from diabetes. ..

....

..Public Health Relevance: This study is aimed to develop a novel gene therapy for the treatment of pulmonary injury such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis. ..

....

....

..Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanismsof synapse formation could revolutionize our ability to identify,prevent, and treat these developmental disorders. ..

..Our studies will define a mechanistic link between circadian rhythm and protein synthesis in neurons, providing fundamental insights into the control of brain function and neurological diseases. ..

....

..Aim 3 is to examine roles of Fos on corneal-type epithelium differentiation and corneal wound healing as described in Aim 2. ..

..Together, these studies will provide a comprehensive view of the role of experience in shaping synaptic connectivity at different stages of life and suggest potential strategies for functional rehabilitation after brain injury ..

..The knowledge gained from these studies will assist the design of more effective and safer genetic immunization approaches for antitumor immunotherapy. ..

..Trainees will be provided with the background to organize, develop, and lead translational and clinical surgical oncology research programs in a variety of academic, governmental, or industrial institutions. ..

..Public Health Relevance: This study is aimed to develop a novel gene therapy for the treatment of pulmonary injury such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis. ..

..g., persistent and excessive inflammation, corneal transparency of injured cornea, improved wound healing of diabetes, etc. ..

..Furthermore, she proposes to explore the effect of CD20 immunization in the post-bone marrow transplant settings. Finally, the candidate proposes to carry out a phase I clinical trial of CD20 DNA vaccine in patients with lymphoma. ..

..g., persistent and excessive inflammation, corneal transparency of injured cornea, improved wound healing of diabetes, etc. ..

..The research will specifically examine the potential to control infections by targeting the ability of fungal pathogens to acquire the nutrient iron during infection. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Data obtained will yield useful information for a better understanding of corneal diseases at molecular and cellular levels in vivo and serve as basis for designing treatment regiments for corneal wound healing. ..

..These nozzles will be designed to facilitate manufacturing scale-up and to deliver increased DNA/gold payloads to larger skin target areas as a means of increasing the effective vaccine dose. ..

..g., epithelial debridement, incision, alkali burn. ..

..The institute is committed to fully support the candidate by providing access to all of the resources. Together, the candidate, research proposal, and the environment provide a strong application for this award. ..

..We will compare the organization and transcriptional regulation of these genes (and a third iron-regulated gene CnURF1) between serotypes. We will also disrupt the genes to examine their role in virulence. ..

..These mouse lines will be useful in preparing mouse lines for studies of altered genetic functions from the corneal epithelium-specific gene ablation and overexpression of reporter genes. ..

....

..g. nitric oxide and oxygen), provide an approach to prevent the progressive pathological aspects of PHT and ameliorate return towards more normal pulmonary vascular structure and function. ..