prospective studies

..epib.nl/rotterdamstudy). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods...

..Results from a limited simulation study indicate that this approach is very reliable even with total sample sizes as small as 100. The method is illustrated with two data sets...

..We investigated associations of circulating Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity with risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality under different circumstances...

..Current public health campaigns to reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes have largely focused on increasing exercise, but have paid little attention to the reduction of sedentary behaviors...

..We hypothesized that a multidimensional grading system that assessed the respiratory and systemic expressions of COPD would better categorize and predict outcome in these patients...

..Strategies that encourage truthful reporting of sexual behavior and sensitive biological markers of exposure are urgently needed. The impact of prevention programs should be assessed with both behavioral and biological measures...

..Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), little is known about whether changes in HIV-1 mortality and morbidity rates have been sustained. We aimed to assess possible changes in these rates across Europe...

..Depressive symptoms predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown...

..To develop and validate two new fracture risk algorithms (QFractureScores) for estimating the individual risk of osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture over 10 years...

..The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on sexual risk behavior and HIV transmission among HIV-infected persons in Africa is unknown...

..Such effects are biologically plausible given the presence of vitamin D receptors in breast cancer cells, which act as nuclear transcription factors to regulate gene activity...

..Understanding the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of the newly identified loci may inform therapy and clinical care...

..CONCLUSION: In this study, one of the largest multicenter studies performed to date, we found that the proportion of nosocomial BSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms is increasing in US hospitals...

..Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may improve longevity, but relevant data are limited...

..Recurrent fallers were best predicted by disease severity and presence of prior falls. Strategies to prevent falls in PD should particularly focus at intrinsic (patient-related) factors, such as minimising the use of benzodiazepines...

..Diabetes is a serious and costly disease that is becoming increasingly common in many countries. The role of diabetes as a cancer risk factor remains unclear...

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..We studied the associations between the thickness of the carotid-artery intima and media and the incidence of new myocardial infarction or stroke in persons without clinical cardiovascular disease...

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..Our objective was to assess the yield and cost of a more intensive tuberculosis screening in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Durban, South Africa...

..P. falciparum infection has harmful effects in pregnancy, but the effects of P. vivax have not been characterised. We investigated the effects of P. vivax infection during pregnancy...

..CONCLUSIONS: Elderly people with silent brain infarcts have an increased risk of dementia and a steeper decline in cognitive function than those without such lesions...

..Lumbar-disk surgery often is performed in patients who have sciatica that does not resolve within 6 weeks, but the optimal timing of surgery is not known...

..In March 2003, several hospitals in Quebec, Canada, noted a marked increase in the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea...

..The aims of this paper are to give a description of the study design, measurement procedures, and differences between participants and non-participants with special reference to socioeconomic characteristics...

..To determine the relation between exposure to glycaemia over time and the risk of macrovascular or microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes...

..FTM and MTF transmission rates were similar. These data suggest gender-specific differences in the biology of heterosexual transmission...

..CONCLUSIONS: CRT does not reduce LV dyssynchrony in patients with transmural scar tissue in the posterolateral LV segments, resulting in clinical and echocardiographic nonresponse to CRT...

..Predicting advanced or progressive disease may help in selecting patients for liver biopsy and assist the development of therapeutic options...

..The ART Cohort Collaboration, which includes 13 cohort studies from Europe and North America, was established to fill this knowledge gap...

..However, no routine biomarkers of apoptosis are so far available in patients. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess the different biomarkers of apoptosis putatively usable on a routine basis in septic shock...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adjunctive cilostazol in patients with high post-treatment platelet reactivity (HPPR) undergoing coronary stenting...

..To derive a new cardiovascular disease risk score (QRISK) for the United Kingdom and to validate its performance against the established Framingham cardiovascular disease algorithm and a newly developed Scottish score (ASSIGN)...

..A prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration-regulated Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial...

..Good intraobserver agreement was evident for each modality (US, CT, and MRI) that was superior to interobserver agreement...

..0001). The use of a navigation system was therefore shown to improve the alignment of the implant...

..Our previously reported GFR-estimating equations for Japanese had limitations because all participants had a GFR less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum creatinine was assayed in different laboratories...

..Bleeding and perforation (5%) were two major complications of EMR but there were no treatment related deaths. CONCLUSION: In our experience, EMR allows us to perform less invasive treatment without sacrificing the possibility of cure...

..A single serum creatinine measurement cannot distinguish acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease or prerenal azotemia...

..To compare the value of novel with conventional serum biomarkers in the prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult cardiac surgical patients according to preoperative renal function...

..We investigated the relationship between environmental-structural factors and condom-use negotiation with clients among female sex workers...

..To determine the burden of congenital malaria in newborns in Nigeria...

..Confidential HIV serotesting with counselling caused a large increase in condom use and was associated with a lower rate of new HIV infections. HIV testing is a promising intervention for preventing the spread of HIV in African cities...

..We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies on alcohol dosing and total mortality...

..This discrepancy may be related to differences in fat distribution between sexes or to the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women...

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..A clinical pathway could be created, using nurse practitioners and/or critical care physicians, to respond to high scores and intervene with appropriate changes in clinical management...

..Particular vigilance is needed for concurrent infections, which may contribute significantly to mortality during treatment of TB in HIV-positive patients...

..5+/-7.3 and 15.1+/-7.3 mm Hg for nitroglycerin). Use of a generalized transfer function to synthesize radial artery pressure waveforms can provide substantially equivalent values of aortic systolic, pulse, mean, and diastolic pressures...

..We aimed at determining the influence of ARWMC on different objective measures of gait and balance...

..Future efforts should emphasise improving the communication between midwife and women at the antenatal clinics, preparing the women-and their families-for the delivery and to be ready for complications...

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OBJECTIVE: Prospective studies have suggested that substituting whole grain for refined grain products may lower the risk of overweight and obesity...

..The purpose of this study was to develop an internationally validated scoring system to identify these patients...

..Post-infective fatigue syndrome is a valid illness model for investigating one pathophysiological pathway to chronic fatigue syndrome...

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..Previous studies from referral centers have yielded variable and conflicting results with regard to improvement in adenoma detection rates by using NBI. The present large randomized trial was designed to finally settle this issue...

..The purpose of this study was to objectively compare the two techniques...

..Future research should clarify whether CT parameters complement BODE score in influencing survival...

..The aim of the study was to investigate the level of psychologic distress after trauma and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, memory from the ICU, and predictors for psychologic distress at 12 months...

..Few prospective dietary studies have explored this relation...

..This study sought to determine whether serial measurement of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in community-dwelling elderly people would provide additional prognostic information to that from traditional risk factors...

..Importantly, dysplasia regressed in nearly half of the patients in whom it was present before surgery, intestinal metaplasia disappeared in 14% of patients, and high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma were prevented in all...

..Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and costs of the actual emergency department triage modalities of patients with acute chest pain...

..These prospective data reinforce the need for early continuous monitoring and improved treatment of hypotension in brain-injured patients...

..To define the risk of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-related retinal toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving recommended dosages of the drug (< or =6.5 mg/kg/day)...

..The total number of concurrently treated acute strokes in other institutions across Austria is not known and no formal comparison with other systems of hospitalized care was undertaken, therefore further research is necessary...

..The results indicate that it is clinically safe to rely on a single negative color duplex examination in patients without any progressing symptoms from the affected limb...

..Our aim was to examine the relationships between serum hematocrit (Hct) and risk of all-cause mortality among patients with severe heart failure (HF)...

..When the patient, operator, technique, and stent type are the same, vessel caliber and stent length both appear to influence the restenosis rate...

..In conjunction with left ventricle ejection fraction, it may be helpful in the pre-operative prognostication of these patients...

..It may also be potentially useful in assessing the extent of individual scallop/segment prolapse and identifying sites of MV noncoaptation. This information could aid the surgeon in deciding the extent of MV resection...

..However, the sobering fact remains that less than half of the patients can expect to remain virtually symptom-free for 2 years or more after recovery from the depressive episode...

..Predictors of mortality were: advanced age, decreased functional capacity, and malignancies. Most common organisms recovered were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (15%), and polymicrobial agents (15%)...

..In selected patients who undergo uncomplicated PCI with stenting and device arterial closure, same-day discharge appears safe and achievable in about three-quarters of cases...

..Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy derived less benefit. Patients with clinical evidence of decompensated heart failure were at greater risk for hospitalization after initiation of carvedilol therapy...

..This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown that using a clinical model it is possible to identify subjects at greater risk of PVR developing after primary vitrectomy...

..To evaluate the effect of high dose quinolones therapy in patients with necrotizing fasciitis...

..Electrical stimulation resulted in a gradual decrease in the number of urinary leakage episodes and increase in maximum cystometric capacity in first desire to void and in urinary volume...

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..In conclusion, FH patients with the worst lipoprotein profile showed the greatest benefit from high-dose simvastatin treatment, since changes in these parameters were partly determined by baseline lipid levels...

..In this study short term effects of Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, upon portal blood flow in 36 cirrhotic patients was determined by Doppler ultrasonography...

..Voriconazole has promise as a salvage agent for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, even in the settings of previous azole therapy and infection due to Candida krusei...

..This intervention can decrease management costs without adversely affecting quality of life...

..This study was undertaken to establish the incidence of early recanalization after ELT and to study the histopathologic features of reperfused and excised GSV...

..To evaluate how new treatment guidelines of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST elevation have been implemented into clinical practice in Finland...

..99). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients do not have PPS 1 year after proximal DVT, and do not require stockings. We failed to show a benefit of stockings in patients with PPS, but the small numbers preclude definitive conclusions...

..Systematic abdominopelvic ultrasonography does not seem to be worthwhile in this indication...

..Preventive pacing and atrial ATP algorithms represent two new functions that can be implemented safely into pacemaker systems for nonpharmacologic treatment of ATs in patients requiring pacemaker therapy...

..Ascending audiogram shapes seem to involve a better prognosis. The therapeutic delay is not correlated with the quality of the outcome, which questions the classical notion of therapeutic emergency...

..28 (CI 95% 1.11, 1.48). Patients with fracture were more likely to receive pain, despite reporting identical degree of pain. EPs were more likely to provide analgesia than PAs...

..In conclusion no influence on postoperative complaints and complications could be demonstrated by different mesh fashioning and fixation alternatives studied in this trial...

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..High Breslow thickness, lymphatic invasion, and ulceration of the primary melanoma are strong risk factors for recurrence...

..To assess the safety and the accuracy of a 4 h stepwise diagnostic approach relying on clinical judgement in unselected patients with acute chest pain...

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..Operative complications occurred in one in 30 women, and post-operative complications in at least one in 10. Laparoscopic techniques tend to be associated with higher complication rates than other methods...

..These data document the importance of cholesterol in addition to established risk factors for predicting stroke mortality in young women and may guide prevention strategies...

..We sought to assess the effect of anticoagulation control on long-term survival after valve replacement with the Medtronic Hall valve (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn)...

..Most studies suggest that diabetes is a stronger coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor for women than men, but few have adjusted their results for classic CHD risk factors: age, hypertension, total cholesterol level, and smoking...

..Thymectomy is an effective, but radical therapy for myasthenia. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may allow a minimally invasive alternative to the standard sternotomy approach...

..evaluate pre-diagnostic genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA in relation to colorectal cancer risk in large prospective studies and expect that individuals with reduced levels of genomic DNA methylation are at increased risk of ..

..evaluate pre-diagnostic genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA in relation to colorectal cancer risk in large prospective studies and expect that individuals with reduced levels of genomic DNA methylation are at increased risk of ..

..A major barrier to identifying interventions has been the lack of prospective studies on leptospirosis...

..The findings of the proposed study will have great impact on reducing incidence and mortality of lung and liver cancers in humans. ..

..We propose to use the two largest prospective studies with frequent assessments of disordered eating during adolescence and young adulthood to empirically derive ..

..We propose to use the two largest prospective studies with frequent assessments of disordered eating during adolescence and young adulthood to empirically derive ..

..Specifically, using immunohistochemistry we will conduct one of the few prospective studies of the immune infiltrates that distinguish (a) CIN-1 that regress vs progress to CIN-2+, and (b) CIN ..

..b>Prospective studies have found that women with elevated plasma homocysteine have a substantially increased risk of osteoporotic ..

..b>Prospective studies have found that women with elevated plasma homocysteine have a substantially increased risk of osteoporotic ..

..Since addiction most frequently occurs during adolescence, prospective studies that focus on smoking during this time period are essential to give us information on the effects of ..

..However, no prospective studies have been done to verify these findings...

..However, no prospective studies have been done to verify these findings...

..Between 2001 and 2008, seven research groups conducted coordinated, multi-year, prospective studies of US production workers and collected detailed subject-level upper-extremity biomechanical exposure ..

b>Prospective Studies of Avian Influenza Transmission in Asia The H5N1 avian influenza epidemic that has ravaged multiple species in Asia, now threatens the United States...

..This study is innovative in that no such prospective studies of avian influenza infection have been performed among those person's occupationally exposed to poultry in ..

..This study is innovative in that no such prospective studies of avian influenza infection have been performed among those person's occupationally exposed to ..

..This study is innovative in that no such prospective studies of avian influenza infection have been performed among those person's occupationally exposed to ..

..This registry will provide a foundation for rigorous prospective studies including large, practical, randomized controlled trials (RCTs)...

..Specifically, 5 of 6 prospective studies of plasma carotenoids, including our own previous work in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), found ..

..Specifically, 5 of 6 prospective studies of plasma carotenoids, including our own previous work in the Nurses'Health Study (NHS), found ..

..To this end, we propose carefully-controlled, prospective studies of healthy volunteers and patients with hemoglobinopathies...

..Because of their possible preventive potential, large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify the issue of phytoestrogens and cancer...

..twin studies imply that biological factors play a prominent role in the development of obesity, few prospective studies have identified biological factors that increase risk for future weight gain...

..Though some prospective studies of influenza viruses have been conducted, little has been done to investigate the distribution of ..

..Project 2 focuses on the relationship between chronic sinusitis and asthma using prospective studies, analysis of the response to allergen or viral challenge, and detailed investigation of the relevance of ..

..This hypothesis would take a long time to test in prospective studies, and retrospective assessment of prenatal exposure is bound to be seriously imprecise...

..This hypothesis would take a long time to test in prospective studies, and retrospective assessment of prenatal exposure is bound to be seriously imprecise...

..However, prospective studies on assisted exercise have been limited in sample size and have not included a single set of anatomic and ..

..This hypothesis would take a long time to test in prospective studies, and retrospective assessment of prenatal exposure is bound to be seriously imprecise...

..intervention be extended to target reduction in psychological, metabolic and inflammatory factors that in prospective studies have been shown to predict new cases of coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are similar to those for insulin resistance syndromes, and prospective studies have shown both diabetes and higher levels of IGF-1 to be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are similar to those for insulin resistance syndromes, and prospective studies have shown both diabetes and higher levels of IGF-1 to be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are similar to those for insulin resistance syndromes, and prospective studies have shown both diabetes and higher levels of IGF-1 to be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..However, there have been no prospective studies in gastric and GEJ cancer evaluating the clinical utility of these genetic factors...

..risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are similar to those for insulin resistance syndromes, and prospective studies have shown both diabetes and higher levels of IGF-I to be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are similar to those for insulin resistance syndromes, and prospective studies have shown both diabetes and higher levels of IGF-1 to be associated with colorectal cancer risk...