diet

..Although the detrimental impacts of diet-induced maternal obesity on adiposity and metabolism in offspring are well established, the extent of any ..

..effect of different levels of dietary sodium, in conjunction with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy products, in persons with and in those without hypertension.

..GF) animals are protected against the obesity that develops after consuming a Western-style, high-fat, sugar-rich diet. Their persistently lean phenotype is associated with increased skeletal muscle and liver levels of phosphorylated ..

..Therefore, the effect of such factors on risk of coronary heart disease in most regions of the world is unknown...

Improving diet and lifestyle is a critical component of the American Heart Association's strategy for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in the general population. This document presents recommendations designed to meet this objective...

The intestinal microbiota impacts many facets of human health and is associated with human diseases. Diet impacts microbiota composition, yet mechanisms that link dietary changes to microbiota alterations remain ill-defined...

..Recent reports show that obesity and diabetes have increased in the United States in the past decade...

..It is therefore of interest whether GWG can be modified by an intervention combining dietary counseling and physical activity...

There is growing awareness that the profound changes in the environment (eg, in diet and other lifestyle conditions) that began with the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry approximately 10000 y ago occurred too recently on ..

..In the present study, the animals were fed either chow or a high-fat, Western-type diet and examined at ages ranging from 6 to 40 weeks...

..We hypothesized that ATMs recruited to adipose tissue during a high-fat diet have unique inflammatory properties compared with resident tissue ATMs...

..This provides genome-wide evidence for selection due to changes in ecoregion, diet, and subsistence...

..MCD feeding also induces hepatic steatosis, by an independent mechanism. Viewed together, these two disparate consequences of MCD feeding (weight loss and hepatic steatosis) give the appearance of an unusual form of lipodystrophy...

..One of three diet studies, five of 15 physical activity studies and nine of 20 combined diet and physical activity studies ..

..One such factor that is known to play an important role in determining long-term metabolic health is diet during critical periods of development...

..However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age...

..C, some carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol, high intake of cereal fibre and high adhesion to Mediterranean diet, while red and processed meat were associated with increased risk...

..Thus, JNK is a crucial mediator of obesity and insulin resistance and a potential target for therapeutics...

..However, the long-term effects of a high-protein diet on a broad range of parameters have not been investigated...

The composition of the gut microbiome is affected by host phenotype, genotype, immune function, and diet. Here, we used the phenotype of RELMbeta knockout (KO) mice to assess the influence of these factors.

..In other organisms, including mammals, it may be possible to obtain the benefits to lifespan of dietary restriction without incurring a reduction in fecundity, through a suitable balance of nutrients in the diet.

b>Diet is considered an important aspect of lifestyle related to cancer development. To contribute further knowledge within this field a Danish prospective cohort study "Diet, Cancer and Health" has been initiated...

..Specific dietary and other lifestyle behaviors may affect the success of the straightforward-sounding strategy "eat less and exercise more" for preventing long-term weight gain...

..Studies in obese rats and mice lacking UCP1 indicate that diet-induced thermogenesis by BAT is unlikely.

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..These and other studies underscore the importance of understanding precisely how nutrient metabolism serves to establish and sustain symbiotic relationships between mammals and their bacterial partners...

..Maternal vitamin D status may program neonatal skeletal development. The objective here was to determine the association of mothers' vitamin D status with bone variables of their newborns...

..The aim of this study was to compare the effects of demography, diet, and lifestyle on serum lipid levels between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations...

..Based on the lack of compelling supportive evidence and on the potential tumor-promoting effect, routine folic acid supplementation should not be recommended as a chemopreventive measure against CRC at present...

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The fields of immunology, microbiology, nutrition and metabolism are rapidly converging. Here we expand on a diet-microbiota model as the basis for the greater incidence of asthma and autoimmunity in developed countries.

..Endoplasmic reticulum stress and related signaling networks, (adipo)cytokines, and innate immunity are emerging as central pathways that regulate key features of NASH...

..Vitamin D deficiency and asthma are common at higher latitudes. Although vitamin D has important immunologic effects, its relation with asthma is unknown...

We have investigated the interrelationship between diet, gut microbial ecology, and energy balance using a mouse model of obesity produced by consumption of a prototypic Western diet...

..CB(1) (-/-) mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity even though their caloric intake is similar to that of wild-type mice, suggesting that ..

..Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents...

..INTERPRETATION: Reduction of exposure to key behavioural and environmental risk factors would prevent a substantial proportion of deaths from cancer...

To investigate whether individual counselling on diet and physical activity during pregnancy can have positive effects on diet and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and prevent excessive gestational weight gain.

..The proportion of overweight adolescents has increased, but the behavioral risk factors for overweight youth are not well understood...

..The KO mice exhibited severe diet-induced insulin resistance with reduced insulin-receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3 ..

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..Mammalian Sirt1 is a protein deacetylase that has been involved in resveratrol-mediated protection from high-fat diet-induced metabolic damage, but direct proof for the implication of Sirt1 has remained elusive...

b>Diet and nutritional status are among the most important modifiable determinants of human health. The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by a person's gut microbial community (microbiota) and its component genes (microbiome)...

A large body of epidemiologic data show that diet quality follows a socioeconomic gradient...

..The Lifestyle Heart Trial demonstrated that intensive lifestyle changes may lead to regression of coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year...

..of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes to gain an understanding of how microbial communities adapt to extremes of diet. We sampled fecal DNA from 33 mammalian species and 18 humans who kept detailed diet records, and we found that the ..

..In Finland, cross-sectional population surveys to monitor cardiovascular risk factors have been carried out since the 1970s. The main aim of this paper is to present trends in urinary sodium and potassium excretion from 1979 to 2002...

..The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet also lowers BP...

..S. This article reviews research relating to the presence, nature, and implications of neighborhood differences in access to food...

..We used a diet-induced rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic insulin resistance to explore the impact ..

..085). Despite the size limitations of this study, these data suggest that folate and alcohol intake may be associated with changes in promoter hypermethylation in CRC...

..Recently, several additional trials have been conducted with conflicting results. Our study summarises current evidence on the effect of flavanol-rich cocoa products on blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive individuals...

..leucine intake via leucine-containing drinking water in mice with free excess to either a rodent chow or a high-fat diet (HFD)...

..Low-grade chronic inflammation in overweight subjects is thought to play an important role in disease development...

b>Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 individuals...

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..Thus, identification of the dietary changes that most effectively prevent CHD is critical...

..Volunteers were provided successively with a control diet, diets high in resistant starch (RS) or non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and a reduced carbohydrate weight loss (..

..However, no causal role of any hormonal signal in diet-restricted longevity has been demonstrated...

..To describe dietary carbohydrate intakes and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study...

..Unmetabolized serum folic acid (UMFA) has been detected in adults. Previous research indicates that high folic acid intakes may be associated with risk of cancer...

..Non-communicable disease control strategy needs to address urbanization and warrants gender sensitive strategies specifically targeting women...

..Increased intake of fruits and vegetables could play a protective role against CVD in Asian Indians who have high rates of premature coronary artery disease...

..We therefore investigated islets from the polygenic New Zealand mouse (NZL) model of diet-induced beta cell dysfunction to identify novel genes and pathways that may play a role in the pathogenesis of ..

Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae are recommended for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation, but neither has been validated or directly compared longitudinally in HIV-infected patients or ..

..Although the research considered herein has created a meaningful body of literature, refining both the factor and cluster analysis methods will help to further establish eating patterns as a sound dietary assessment method...

b>Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer...

..Twenty-seven young healthy smokers consumed a portion of steamed broccoli (250 g/day) or a control diet for 10 days each within a crossover design with a washout period. Blood was collected before and after each period...

..We investigated the diet of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) by pyrosequencing prey DNA from faeces collected at ..

..Therefore, we inveStigated the effect of exercise training on the macrophage phenotypic switch in adipose tissue in high-fat-induced obese mice...

..result from mismatches between our Paleolithic genome and the rapidly changing environment, including our diet. The objective of the present study was to reconstruct multiple Paleolithic diets to estimate the ranges of ..

..The impact of overall dietary patterns that reflect actual eating behaviors on mortality caused by cardiovascular or other chronic diseases is largely unknown...

Undernutrition is being rapidly reduced in India and China. In both countries the diet is shifting toward higher fat and lower carbohydrate content...

..Much more research needs to be done, but the past quarter century has proven the interest and heuristic value, if not yet the ultimate validity, of the model...

..Bayesian diet-mixing models revealed that a substantial amount of the crows' protein and lipid intake comes from prey obtained ..

..To identify risk factors in early life (up to 3 years of age) for obesity in children in the United Kingdom...

..The high proportion of very large herbivores, such as woolly rhinoceros and woolly mammoth, in Neanderthal's diet compare to that of the scavenging hyaenas suggests that Neanderthals could not acquire these prey through ..

..Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention...

..model of multigenic lupus exposed to environmental factors known to accelerate atherosclerosis in humans - high-fat diet with or without injections of the adipokine leptin...

..uncoupling protein gene (Ucp1-/- mice) causes increased sensitivity to cold and unexpected resistance to diet-induced obesity at a young age...

..Orange juice and grapefruit juice contain high amounts of these compounds, and therefore their intake from the diet can be relatively high. No data are available regarding plasma concentrations or plasma kinetics of flavanones...

..An understanding of the actual contribution of dietary oxalate to urinary oxalate excretion is important, as it is potentially modifiable...

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Human beings evolved consuming a diet that contained about equal amounts of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids...

..In the present study, we compared the effects of maternal obesity induced by longstanding high-fat diet (HFD) with milder postnatal overfeeding during suckling induced by litter size reduction...

..Migraine is a chronic neurological disease with several trigger factors, including dietary, hormonal and environmental factors...

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality as specified by Federal dietary guidance, and publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 necessitated its revision...

..Variation in diet may in part account for the difference in nutrition-related adverse health outcomes observed among USB Hispanics, ..

..We examined the effects of a 3-month energy deficit-imposing diet and exercise intervention on circulating ghrelin in normal-weight, healthy women...

It is estimated that most colon cancers can be attributed to dietary causes. We have hypothesized that diet influences the health of the colonic mucosa through interaction with the microbiota and that it is the milieu interior that ..

..Previous monitoring efforts did not include folic acid from dietary supplements and are therefore not complete...

..We found that men with high consumption of fish had a lower risk of prostate cancer, especially for metastatic cancer. Marine fatty acids may account for part of the effect, but other factors in fish may also play a role...

Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the role of diet in Japanese remains unclear...

..There is emerging evidence of socioeconomic gradients in adiposity among Australian youth. Behavioral mechanisms for these trends are unexplained...

..to celiac disease (CD), and in rhesus monkeys as well as in humans it can be induced by a gluten-containing diet. We recently performed experiments where gluten-sensitive and control macaques were fed gluten- containing diets ..

..to celiac disease (CD), and in rhesus monkeys as well as in humans it can be induced by a gluten-containing diet. We recently performed experiments where gluten-sensitive and control macaques were fed gluten- containing diets ..

Numerous studies have demonstrated that biologically active, natural components of the diet may confer resistance to chemical carcinogens via induction and/or inhibition of biotransformation enzymes...

..However, rats selectively bred to develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) on a 31% fat, high sucrose, high energy (HE) diet have an inborn elevation of ARC GK in ..

Geographical variations in cancer incidence can be attributed to environmental causes in general, and to diet, in particular...

Poor diet, inactivity and obesity have been linked to increased risks for a number of chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases...

..As an alternative, therapy with a high-fat low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet can be highly effective in medically-refractory epilepsy, and the mechanisms underlying its success can offer ..

..are sensed in the gut, the neural pathways activated, and how these may be altered by long term changes in diet leading to increased food intake and obesity...

..The specific aims are: 1) to define the dose-response relationship between the amylose content of the diet and postprandial glycemic/insulinemic response; 2) to measure adipocyte cell size and number in response to a high ..

..The results of epidemiology studies indicate that diet has a profound influence on breast cancer risk...

..The results of epidemiology studies indicate that diet has a profound influence on breast cancer risk...

..The results of epidemiology studies indicate that diet has a profound influence on breast cancer risk...

A Mediterranean Diet for Colon Cancer Prevention: Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that the major components of the traditional Cretan-Mediterranean diet have great promise for the prevention of colorectal cancer while ..

..the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes; it is the major source of methyl-groups in the diet, and it directly affects cholinergic neurotransmission, transmembrane signaling and lipid transport/metabolism...

Poor diet and obesity have been linked to increased risks for a number of chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases...

Poor diet and obesity have been linked to increased risks for a number of chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases...

..for low density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering and CHD risk reduction, but there controversy about other aspects of the diet. We propose to examine the effects of three diets meeting National Cholesterol Education program Step 2 diet ..

..Using a mouse model of obesity induced by a high-fat (HF) diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), we made the novel finding that T cells are increased and the chemokine ..

..value of food (RRV) and impulsivity moderate the effects of prices on energy and macronutrients purchased and diet quality in a large sample of 225 ethnically and economically diverse adults...

..The "anti-inflammatory"(AI) diet is frequently used and recommended to treat a variety of conditions classified by naturopathic physicians as "..

..Potential mechanisms for the link between gut microbiota and CRC is through diet and inflammation...

..Potential mechanisms for the link between gut microbiota and CRC is through diet and inflammation...