lenses

..The device will be able to determine absorbed dose and dose equivalent of the space radiation...

..The impact of the modulation depth and the non-saturated losses is discussed via comparative measurements with different saturable Bragg reflectors...

..The potential implications of prism adaptation for the rehabilitation of unilateral neglect are highlighted by the long duration of improvement obtained after a single adaptation session...

..Moreover, thanks to the combination with the nondispersive ABI setup, the diffraction-enhanced x-ray imaging algorithm could be applied...

..were to present a new approach for nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) with the assistance of magnifying lenses and to describe the differences in autonomic nerve plexus trauma between NSRH type III and conventional radical ..

..Seven patients with right hemisphere lesion and left visuospatial neglect were treated with prismatic lenses in twice-daily sessions over a period of 2 weeks...

..Future studies of possible rehabilitative impact from prisms upon neglect may need to consider carefully how to measure prism adaptation per se, separately from any impact of such adaptation upon manifestations of neglect...

..visuospatial neglect and tactile extinction underwent 10-minute application of 20 degrees right-shifting prismatic lenses during pointing...

..Investigation of therapeutic prism adaptation requires methods that permit identification of both the calibration dysfunction and ameliorating realignment...

..The proposed design reduces the thickness of LC lens and is capable of achieving relative higher focusing power than past studies with lower applied voltage...

..To compare the occurrence of vitreous hemorrhages and retinal detachments following vitrectomy surgery with sew-on lenses to a noncontact wide-angle lens system...

..The artificial apposition compound eye can be considered as a simple imaging optical sensor while the cluster eye is capable of becoming a valid alternative to classical bulk objectives but is much more complex than the first system...

..To determine the refractive state of tree shrew eyes using visual evoked potentials (VEP's) recorded from primary visual cortex and compare the values with those obtained with streak retinoscopy and with an autorefractor...

..8 K), the field has since advanced to include room-temperature observations, largely owing to the use of objective lenses with high numerical aperture, brighter fluorophores and more sensitive detectors...

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Fish-eye lenses are convenient in such applications where a very wide angle of view is needed, but their use for measurement purposes has been limited by the lack of an accurate, generic, and easy-to-use calibration procedure...

..Optometrists offer flexibility but sensitivity and specificity of schemes have varied considerably, perhaps because of variability in screening methodology and that there is frequently no quality assurance programme...

..The data indicates that the ability to implement control strategies may not be necessary for successful adaptation to prisms. A proposed model for the role of posterior parietal cortex in prism adaptation is also presented...

..Prism therapy dramatically improved awareness for the identity of the left side of chimeric non-face objects, but had no effect on judging expressions for chimeric faces. The latter may thus be unique in showing no prism benefit...

..To better characterize the role of proteoglycans in scleral tissue remodeling during the development of minus lens induced myopia and during recovery in tree shrews...

..The findings demonstrate that a simple visuomotor task can alter the distribution of spatial attention for the greyscales task in normal participants...

..Viable FCS experiments at concentrations 1-1000 nM with different objectives costing less than $40 are demonstrated. This offers a simple and low-cost alternative to the conventional complex microscope objectives...

..To solve this problem, fishes with irises unresponsive to light have developed lenses with multiple focal lengths...

..PA modulates functions of the parietal lobe, such as eye movement control, but fails to influence the underlying mechanisms of neglect...

..To investigate the anatomic substrates underlying the beneficial effect of prism adaptation in five patients with persistent left neglect following right stroke...

..before and after PA were then compared to that of control neglect patients, who were wearing goggles with neutral lenses. Moreover, in order to provide normative data on ocular scanning behaviour during letter string reading, ..

..The nonrotationally symmetric polynomial surfaces correct aberrations caused by tilts. The complex lens surfaces are fabricated by using gray-scale lithographic patterning of hybrid solgel glass...

..The study presents a practical strategy that can be used to test the photodetector for either initial evaluation or subsequent performance in in-line inspection...

..The created evanescent Bessel beam may be used as a virtual probe for near-field optical imaging and sensing applications...

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..Using diffraction optics and fiber optics, we achieved a miniaturized and robust velocity profile sensor for highly resolved velocity measurements...

..Compared to other methods, this PA imaging system can acquire the PA images more rapidly without any complex algorithms, and it may provide a more convenient method for future in vivo noninvasive imaging of tissues and clinic diagnosis...

..The findings of the current study suggest that AO imaging systems can potentially improve image resolution in aging eyes with increased aberrations and scatter...

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..Three MLA fabrication technologies, including gray-scale lithography, photoresist reflow, and isotropic etching, are evaluated and compared for an EPE application...

..This effect, which can considerably affect the design of devices based on these elements, is shown to be the consequence of the decrease of the bandgap width with increasing incidence angle...

..We show its merits and weaknesses and how to build a workable system...

..We also provide guidelines for the design of new depth-from-defocus systems in compliance with predefined specifications by choosing the appropriate optics...

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..Thus axicon-based two-photon microscopy has been shown to yield a high-resolution projection image of a sample with a single 2D scan of the laser beam while maintaining the improved tissue penetration typical of two-photon microscopy...

The concept of numerical parametric lenses (NPL) is introduced to achieve wavefront reconstruction in digital holography...

..Finally, we introduce a simple Green's function model that illustrates the key features of both bright-field and dark-field surface-plasmon imaging...

..quot; An experimental wireless video camera debris deflecting system was realized and performed to verify the concept. Functional tests have been successfully verified...

..Theoretical, numerical, and experimental results demonstrating the high-resolution imaging concept using microlens arrays are presented...

..In human volunteer testing, we observed up to an 8 dB increase in OCT signal and a corresponding lateral resolution of <10 microm as a result of AO correction...

..This explanation is supported by an excellent accord of calculated and measured diffraction patterns for a 50 nm radius disk...

..We model the performance of one such design optimized for a typical brain-imaging setup and show that it can greatly outperform objectives commonly used for this task...

..Such a device is ideal for real-time optical coherence tomography, optical Doppler tomography, and spectroscopic optical coherence tomography...

..The feasibility of the sensor was demonstrated by measuring the higher order aberrations of a custom-made phase plate and human eyes with and without the plate...

..The retinal image was stabilized to within 18 microm 90% of the time. Stabilization was sufficient for cross-correlation techniques to automatically align the images...

..This is distinct from an analogous case of ordinary phase zone plates...

..Using such scanners we demonstrated two-photon microscopy and microendoscopy with fast-axis acquisition rates up to 3.52 kHz...

..These differences can yield important applications of the device for the characterization of fluorescent materials...

..Using a lens system the motion of the field light source and crosshair can be observed in sharp focus independently of one another as the collimator is rotated...

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..The analysis can be generalized and applied to other pyramid-based designs...

..75 degrees acceptance angle that is comparable to those found in nature. Using geometric and physical optics, we also investigate the relationship between angular sensitivity and the geometry of artificial ommatidia...

..Furthermore, this method also has strong anti-noise ability. Computer simulations and preliminary experiment validate the feasibility of this method...

..Combined with a patterned twisted nematic (TN) cell, allowing a rotation of only one polarization component, a polarizer with high efficiency (72,5% (measured) is realized. Simulations and measurements are presented...

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..The corrective process becomes increasingly important when laser energy has to be transported without losses at arbitrary depths, with the purpose of triggering mechanisms of positive refractive index change...

..The average measurement errors of the first and the second methods were 0.123% and 0.061% in the geometrical thickness, 0.133% and 0.066% in the phase index, and 0.106% and 0.057% in the group index, respectively...

..This bench is not limited to SH-WFS and can serve as an LGS-simulator test bed to any other LGS-AO projects for which sodium layer fluctuations are an issue...

..Super resolution optical imaging can be obtained with uniform light intensity and tunable magnification by changing parameters of the structure. Design principles and examples are given and illustrated with numerical simulation...

..Transmission performance of the all-microring-based DPSK signal over a 70-km single mode fiber is compared to that of DPSK using a Mach-Zehnder modulator and a delay-line interferometer...

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..All the calculated results agree well with our mathematical derivations, thus verifying the coordinate transformation method in designing perfect lenses.

..The 3-D reconstructed images from all the monochromatic holograms are composed into a single multicolor image of the 3-D scene. The proposed holographic technique is demonstrated by experiments...

..The results also show the advantages of our OTDM multiplexer such as the flexible output signal speeds at the output of different stages, the low insertion loss and the temperature and wavelength stability...

..We also show that only stable resonators will produce these modes...

..88 lambda in terms of wavefront error, which is shown to be comparable to alternative techniques but without the use of special phase elements. The lens performance is azimuth-independent and achromatic over the visible range...

..The result indicates that the modified Gaussian influence function provides much better performance in data fitting...

..in all three dimensions, by using structured illumination in a microscope that has two opposing objective lenses. Illumination light is split by a grating and a beam splitter into six mutually coherent beams, three of which ..

..It showed high sensitivity, providing correct and repeatable distance measurements on biological samples even in case of very low reflected power (down to 2 to 3 nW), with an error lower than 0.1 mm...

..In this case the FCS autocorrelation demonstrates a free 3D diffusion of dye molecules in a highly confined light field...

..The parallelism of the reflected beam to an incident one also deteriorated. The changes in the polarization angle and in the ellipticity of reflected light polarization were not observed from the visible to the far infrared range...

..Detailed optical characterizations of Rh-coated mirrors as well as results of erosion tests performed both under laboratory conditions and in the TEXTOR tokamak are presented in this paper...

..The spatial period of the interference fringes can be dynamically controlled over almost one decade by tuning the frequency of the acoustic carriers...

..This system is simple, economical, robust, and easy to use for spectroscopy, as we demonstrate with lithium vapor and lithium atom beam experiments...

..Specifically, SSM is shown to be subject to the same resolution constraints as 4Pi microscopy...

Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are effective for collimating or focusing high-energy X-ray beams (50-100 keV) and can be used in conjunction with crystal optics in a variety of configurations, as demonstrated at the 1-ID undulator ..

..We were able to track focus over a 400 microm range (limited by the range of the piezomounted objective) with a rms precision on the focal depth of 0.31 microm +/- 0.05 microm...

..For the microscopy, we used a laser beam and a pair of axicons (conical lenses) to get an optimal condition for dark-field observations...

..Moreover, small beams provide better spatial resolution and have allowed the measurement of flow velocities as low as 1 mm s(-1)...

..Morphological and biochemical techniques have revealed the regions in human cataractous lenses in which the plasma membrane derangement occurs as the primary light scattering centers which cause the observed ..

..biophysical techniques described in this study have shown that membrane derangement occurs in human cataractous lenses. The data suggest that these disruptions were globules, vacuoles, multilamellar membranes and clusters of highly ..

..Conventionally, optical correction is achieved by spectacles or contact lenses. The power of both spectacles and contact lenses can be readily adjusted to compensate for ocular growth...

..held complexes that exist in the water-soluble high molecular weight (WS-HMW) protein fractions of normal human lenses of 20-year-old and 60- to 70-year-old, and in the age-matched 60- to 70-year-old cataractous lenses...

To quantify and compare the in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes to different intraocular lenses (IOLs).

To compare the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis on AcrySof (Alcon) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs) treated with vancomycin, teicoplanin, and cefuroxime.

To report the clinical performance characteristics of single-piece acrylic Alcon SA30AL and SA60AT intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Since the initial development of silicone hydrogels, many modifications to the bulk and surface properties of the lenses have been undertaken to improve the wettability and comfort of the lenses...

..dopamine D2 agonists inhibit the development of myopia in response to form deprivation, and in chicks, to negative lenses as well...

..In addition, the polymers of which IOLs are composed are themselves subject to radiation damage, which theoretically might result in optical distortion in the visible light range...

..There are two main types of surgical correction for moderate to high myopia; excimer laser and phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs)...

To investigate the attachment of Acanthamoeba to first- and second-generation silicone hydrogel contact lenses, and to determine if patient wear or the presence of a bacterial biofilm coating affects attachment characteristics.

..Despite this, current estimations of toxicity for cataract are based on the concept that cataract is a binary event. Moreover, current exposure limits for UVR are based on subjective inspections with slit lamp microscopy...

..This study examined the sensitivity of the tilapia eye to positive and negative lenses. It further investigated the sensitivity of the fish eye to form deprivation by examining the effect of fish weight...

..mammalian thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), with or without alpha-crystallin can revive inactivated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in both the cortex and nucleus of human aged clear and cataract lenses.

..The present article reports the expression patterns of protein phosphatase (PP)-1 and -2A in adult rat and bovine lenses.

..Analyses will be carried out in organ culture with lenses from normal, transgenic and knockout lines. The effect of aging will be examined...

..AIM 2 will use slit lamp imaging to conduct phenotype analyses of lenses in transgenic mouse models for neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders...

..answers for the following questions, using specific fluorescent dyes with confocal readout in living extirpated lenses, protein specific antibodies in lens tissue sections, clonal growth capacity in LEC cultures, LEC chromosome ..

..of Hydroxymethlyglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors on PSC formation, suggest that the PSC opacities of these lenses result from a progressive compromise in posterior sutural anatomy rather than from a proliferation of dysplastic '..

..b>Lenses or lens epithelial cells will be challenged oxidatively with hyperbaric O2 in vitro and in vivo, H2O2 and X-..

..of Hydroxymethlyglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors on PSC formation, suggest that the PSC opacities of these lenses result from a progressive compromise in posterior sutural anatomy rather than from a proliferation of dysplastic "..

..Historically, increased lens Na+ concentrations, common in human cataract lenses, were believed to result from the dysfunction of membrane Na+ transport systems of the lens epithelium...

..Although glasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery can provide an optical correction, the increased axial length of the eye significantly ..

..Although glasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery can provide an optical correction, the increased axial length of the eye significantly ..

..Although glasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery can provide an optical correction, the increased axial length of the eye significantly ..

..Although glasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery can provide an optical correction, the increased axial length of the eye significantly ..

..2) With both alphaL and alphaH fractions from 1 month to 90 years old human lenses it will be shown whether with increasing age increasing levels of posttranslationally modified alpha-crystallin ..

..proteins similar to those which have been found to be present in human senile cataract will be produced in animal lenses by methods involving use of X-irradiation, H2O2 and hyperbaric oxygen...

..More than 90% of the people over 45 need correction of presbyopia. The conventional corrective lenses (bifocal, trifocal) have been around for more than 200 years and have some drawbacks...

..also shown that micromolar concentrations of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in culture medium produce opacification in lenses in organ culture, and the induction of GST 5...

..the eye can have vision-threatening complications and often are associated with prosthetic devices such as contact lenses, scleral buckles, and intraocular lenses...

The Contact Lenses and Myopia Progression (CLAMP) Study will serve two purposes: 1) it will provide the training mechanism for Jeffrey J. Walline, O.D...

..After extracapsular surgical removal, these lenses will be dissected by a method that the investigators have developed that permits that intact retrieval of these ..

..it was firmly established that SAJs show distinctive and pronounced modifications during aging in normal bovine lenses and nuclear human senile cataracts...

..AIM 2 will use slit lamp imaging to conduct phenotype analyses of lenses in transgenic mouse models for neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders...

..for alpha-crystallin and protein-thiol mixed disulfides in preventing crystallin precipitation in 02-stressed lenses will be evaluated, and the mechanism of UVA blockage of pentose shunt activity in H202-challenged cultured lenses ..