implanted electrodes

..To address the mechanism underlying these anticonvulsant actions, cerebral glucose metabolism after ANT electrical stimulation and lesioning was also examined...

..This approach offers great potential for understanding the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation and those underlying pain and tremor generation...

..When dyskinesias were only present in one limb (n = 2), the 4-10 Hz peak was only recorded in the contralateral STN. These findings suggest that the 4-10 Hz oscillation is associated with the expression of LID in Parkinson's disease...

..These TMS effects need to be considered when interpreting results of excitability measurements in PD patients after implantation of STN electrodes...

..As the problem is very complex and the variety of implants is large, this paper focuses on the problems of MRI-induced lead heating...

..The fact that the user learned to control the BCI in a comparatively short time indicates that this method may also be an alternative approach for clinical purposes...

..The study also suggests that LFP beta oscillatory activity is generated largely within the dorsal portion of the STN and can produce synchronous oscillatory activity of the local neuronal population...

..We describe 2 men who developed mania and hypersexuality a few days after the implant that lasted for some months and then gradually disappeared spontaneously...

..If this activity is unchecked by synchronisation at higher frequency, then pathological 20-Hz oscillations may cascade through the basal ganglia, increasing at subsequent levels of processing...

..Synchronization of activity does occur between pallidum and STN, and its pattern is critically dependent on the level of dopaminergic activity...

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..Serious bleeding occurred in three patients, one with standard and two with the EDS lead extraction system...

..However, it was demonstrated that under certain conditions, safe MR examinations during active DBS are feasible. Certain safety precautions are recommended in this report...

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..Paralleling the rise in pacemaker and defibrillator implantations, lead extraction procedures are increasingly required. Concerns regarding failure and complications remain...

..The presence of both tonotopic and non-tonotopic auditory cortical fields indicates that the organization of ferret auditory cortex is comparable to that seen in other mammals...

..The paper concludes with an analysis, the design criteria, and the special properties and materials for capacitive recording and stimulating electrodes...

..A novel magnetic navigation system (MNS) allowing remote guidance of catheters and guidewires might assist in implantation of left ventricular (LV) pacing leads...

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..Plain film radiography using Stenvers projection is satisfactory if imaging is indicated for determining the number of inserted electrodes...

..They indicate a close coupling between the spinal interneuronal systems used by the reticulospinal neurons to coordinate muscle contractions ipsilaterally and contralaterally...

..Our finding that localized HFOs occur in varying anatomical structures and pathological conditions perhaps indicates commonality to diverse epileptogenic aetiologies...

..There were no surgery, stimulation, or procedure effects on depression scale scores. In contrast to these group findings, one DBS patient demonstrated significant cognitive decline following surgery...

..To compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related heating per unit of whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of a conductive implant exposed to two different 1.5-Tesla/64 MHz MR systems...

..Readjusting the stimulation parameters resolved the hypomania with continued motor benefits. The authors draw attention to potential adverse effects of STN-DBS that might be neglected by patients...

..At our institution, extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) has recently been applied for treating Parkinson's disease symptoms. We report our results and review the literature supporting this application of EMCS...

..For neural prosthetic applications, the goal signals can be used to operate computers, robots, and vehicles, whereas the expected value signals can be used to continuously monitor a paralyzed patient's preferences and motivation...

..89). CONCLUSION: This animal study confirms the feasibility of assessing changes in LVSV by determining the LV intracardiac conductance. This creates the possibility of continuous haemodynamic monitoring with implantable devices...

..We propose that, in the parkinsonian condition, the cortex-basal ganglia networks are more tightly related to global modes of brain dynamics that are echoed in the LFP...

..Electrophysiological identification of the functional state of the hippocampus together with its local structural correlates could further enhance our understanding of this disease...

..Deeply inserted electrodes offer the possibility that apical stimulation may improve speech performances. Therefore, deep insertion is reasonable and should be performed in patients with profound or total hearing loss...

..These findings suggest that dopaminergic therapy restores a more physiological pattern of reactivity in the STN of patients with Parkinson's disease...

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..Intra-cardiac echocardiography was helpful in locating the coronary sinus os...

..Further studies are required to determine the safety of MRI with DBS for other MRI systems, transmit coil configurations and DBS arrangements...

..The goal of this study was to analyze the transition period between interictal and ictal activity in freely moving rats with recurrent spontaneous seizures after unilateral intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA) injection...

..The aim of this study was to clarify the origin of these ipsilateral responses...

..The results suggest that stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has a positive influence on psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial functioning and distress. We observed a decline in a minority of patients...

..On the other hand, the broadband coherence could be a unique feature of spinal motoneuron-muscle physiology...

..Future research will address the clinical utility of these recordings for localizing epileptogenic networks and understanding seizure generation...

..Lead extraction is increasingly necessary given the exponential growth in cardiac device implantation. Meanwhile, the tools, indications, and outcomes of this procedure continue to change...

..This article outlines a few suggestions for avoiding severe complications with this useful procedure...

..This article also provides a brief summary of the achieved results with the existing neuroprostheses for grasping and discusses some of the challenges this technology is currently facing...

..The key feature of this system is that users control their stimulated function through electromyographic (EMG) signals...

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..MEG can detect and localize interictal epileptiform spikes that are recorded from depth electrodes in both neocortical and mesial structures, despite the lesser amplitude of spikes of mesial origin...

..The authors hypothesize that microdischarges and microseizures are generated by small cortical domains that form the substrate of epileptogenic cortex and play important roles in seizure initiation and propagation...

..Salt Lake City, UT) in a series of patients undergoing subdural electrode implantation for epilepsy monitoring...

..However, a substantial number of interictal ECoG spikes are not detected by MEG, and therefore MEG cannot be considered a substitute for ECoG...

..Experiments reveled that the implant location and configuration are crucial elements for the heat generation at the lead tip...

..Success is independent of laser sheath size. Major complications can be expected in < 2% of patients, and occur more often during an investigator's early experience...

..The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of Excimer laser-assisted lead extraction in Europe. The final European multi-centre study experience is presented...

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..To investigate the oscillatory activity in the Parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus using the macro-electrodes for deep brain stimulation...

..The strong association between FR and regions of seizure initiation supports the view that FR reflects pathological hypersynchronous events crucially associated with seizure genesis...

..devices is currently hindered by our inability to reliably record neural signals from chronically implanted electrodes. The extent to which the local tissue response to implanted electrodes influences recording failure is not ..

..Moreover, the fragile bony columns connecting the spiral canal with the osseous spiral lamina may be a potential site for trauma in (perimodiolar) electrode positioning...

..To study this question, the retractor bulbi muscle EMG was recorded with implanted electrodes during NM conditioning...

..Because the CP is related to the neural mechanisms generating the ITD sensitivity, this result is consistent with segregation of inputs to the ICC from the lateral and medial superior olives...

..Functional physiological localization of STN by the on-line spectral analysis of LFPs is quick to perform and may provide information directly relevant to the position of the electrode contact actually used for DBS...

..In areas outside of the generator of the BPS, this activity looks more like pathological high-frequency oscillations (pHFO), which were observed in earlier experiments...

..53 +/- 0.08 octave per millimeter. This study demonstrates the use of high electrode count, microelectrode array recordings in characterizing the spatial distribution of acoustic information in the feline AI...

..CONCLUSION: Simultaneous bilateral MER-guided subthalamic DBS is a relatively safe and well-tolerated procedure. MER plays an important role in optimal localization of the DBS electrodes...

..Specifications of an array of cylindrical multielectrodes for use in future intraspinal microstimulation prostheses were updated...

..6 mC/cm2) and damaging levels (> or = 0.8 mC/cm2) of charge density. The results of these tests suggest that this electrode design could be used to stimulate neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord...

..We present a new approach to developing a retinal prosthesis for blind patients based on extraocular stimulation of the eye with disc electrodes...

..CONCLUSION: In our series, most of the active electrodes were situated near the STN-DB. This suggests that HFS-STN could influence not only STN but also the dorsal adjacent structures (zona incerta and/or Fields of Forel)...

..6 mC/cm2 was obtained with an asymmetry of 1:3 at an 0.1-V bias. These measurements were made in vitro in carbonate-buffered saline using microelectrodes with a 2000 microm2 surface area...

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..In one cat, electrical stimulation of the retina evoked neuronal responses in the visual cortex and indicated the feasibility of the system approach for chronic use...

..This suggests that long-term functional replacement of absent vestibular function is feasible...

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..The voltage field for any device size and current, and any specific resistance of the volume conductor can be predicted from these results so long as the aspect ratios are preserved...

..These and similar findings call into question theories that posit increased STN activity is causal to parkinsonism...

..These findings are significant because they suggest intracellular and interstitial microimpedance mesurements in heart experiments will be straightforward...

..Our long-term vision is a wireless-transmission electrode system, for stimulation and recording in free-roaming animals, which uses a family of modular active implantable electrode arrays...

..Hybrid prostheses could uniquely affect neural modulation with linear glutamate release at physiological amplitudes and frequencies...

..Most of the improvements in off-medication ADL scores, dyskinesia scores, complications of therapy, and medication dose reduction occurred after unilateral STN stimulation with smaller improvements after the second operation...

..To address the mechanism underlying these anti-convulsant actions, cerebral glucose metabolism following ANT electrical stimulation and lesioning was also assessed...

..Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of ESCM (electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus) in treatment of generalized seizures of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and improvement of patient disability...

..A subsequent prospective study will have to investigate whether the STN or other target nuclei are most suitable for DBS in these types of epilepsy and which long-term results can be obtained...

..In future, the realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem will contribute to both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as a neuroprosthetic interface to restore motor functions in paralyzed patients...

..Successful data about this type of retinal prosthesis are already available from long-term observation in non-human primates...

..The value of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treating patients with drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is not well documented...

..This study serves as a preliminary evaluation of nerve cuff electrodes in humans prior to chronic implant in subjects with high tetraplegia...

..Techniques for characterizing electrochemical properties relevant to stimulation and recording are described with examples of differences in the in vitro and in vivo response of electrodes...

..This stimulus paradigm can generate the temporal resolution required for a prosthetic device...

..Potential alterations in physiological features of the STN after pallidotomy may complicate localization of this structure in this group of patients...

..From an electrophysiological standpoint, the FINE is a viable alternative for neuroprosthetic devices. A histological analysis of the nerves is under way to evaluate the safety of the FINE...

..The response to stimulation before seizure could be useful for triggering control systems, and may be a novel approach to define a preseizure state...

..The 3389 lead may provide inadequate coverage of the subthalamic region for some patients...

..Patients with juvenile-onset primary dystonia and those with the tardive form benefited greatly from this procedure, whereas benefits for most secondary dystonias and the adult-onset craniocervical form of this disorder were more modest...

..The diameter selectivity of the electrode array can be controlled by the electrode separation and the method is independent of pulse width...

..Our findings are consistent with the small number of published studies on STN somatopy in the human and the nonhuman primate...

..This study tested the value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) for the functional identification of VIM and STN...

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..Reduction of the charge could be achieved only with spatially selective blocking. The charge per phase was larger for the combination of a hyperpolarizing anodal prepulse and a two-step pulse than for the two-step pulse alone...

..In contrast, 5-Hz stimulation appeared to increase the appearance of interictal sharp waves...

..muscle will be temporarily dennervated through metered injections of Botox, and will be stimulated with implanted electrodes using the MFT frame as a platform...

..implementation and testing with subjects at the University of Michigan and Henry Ford Hospitals who have implanted electrodes for purposes related to epilepsy surgery...

..listeners is due to the differences in individual nerve survival and to differences in the coupling of the implanted electrodes to those surviving neurons...

..validate the physiological basis of this method by recording these fast impedance changes in animals with implanted electrodes, during evoked normal activity...

..will use fuzzy-logic to decipher user intent from telemetry sent over a transcutaneous magnetic link by the implanted electrodes. The same link will provide power for the implanted electrodes. ...

..2) Because the tips of the implanted electrodes are in close proximity to the motor neurons, electrical currents required for stimulation are very low...

..record the activity of neuronal ensemble in all four of these areas from rats with chronically implanted electrodes that tick to obtain rewarding tastants and whose motivation, as it pertains to their state of hunger or ..

..record the activity of neuronal ensemble in all four of these areas fromrats with chronically implanted electrodes that tick to obtain rewarding tastants and whose motivation, as it pertains to their state of hunger or ..

..that several well-isolated single units and multi-unit activity can be obtained from a very high number of implanted electrodes. Concomitantly, we have also measured local field potentials (LFP) in the same areas by low-pass filtering ..

..to be implemented consists of an external control unit, a multichannel implanted stimulator-telemeter, and implanted electrodes which sense muscle activity (a myoelectric signal)...

..data on the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of chronic electrical stimulation (DBS) via bilaterally implanted electrodes in the anterior limb of the internal capsules of six cases of 'malignant' treatment-refractory OCD that ..

..Intermittent and cyclic stimulation to individual contacts of chronically implanted electrodes on the distal peripheral nerve branches innervating the vastus lateralis and intermedius will allow fibers ..

..The implanted electrodes cause progressive brain tissue responses including neuronal loss and inflammatory gliosis, which may lead ..

..the same patients, PD patients will be tested ON versus OFF DA replacement prior to their having surgically implanted electrodes, and again after surgery ON and OFF deep brain stimulation (and off medications)...

..The implanted electrodes cause progressive brain tissue responses including neuronal loss and inflammatory gliosis, which may lead ..

..the same patients, PD patients will be tested ON versus OFF DA replacement prior to their having surgically implanted electrodes, and again after surgery ON and OFF deep brain stimulation (and off medications)...

..the same patients, we will test PD patients ON versus OFF DA replacement prior to their having surgically implanted electrodes, and again after surgery ON and OFF deep brain stimulation (and off medications)...

..Refined guidance would greatly enhance the effectiveness and safety of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) with implanted electrodes. DBS is an FDA-approved treatment for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor that provides long-term ..