speech production measurement

..These results suggest that locus equations cannot provide invariant cues for stop and fricative place of articulation across the voiced-voiceless distinction...

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..Narrowband analysis is also demonstrated to permit pitch tracking with relative ease...

..Overall, our results suggest that (a) the phonological codes in perception and in production are separate but connected by two conversion mechanisms and that (b) these two mechanisms can be disrupted independently...

..Q.). These results suggest that functional category production is related to some, but not all, measures of agrammatic language performance...

..Thus, choral singing appears to be an effective means of speech therapy...

..Rather, they are consistent with the idea that verbal production, be it sung or spoken, result from the operation of same mechanisms...

..These results demonstrate that apraxic patients have access to the syllabary, but that they fail to retrieve the syllabic motor patterns correctly. Our findings are incompatible with a subsyllabic route model of apraxia of speech...

..The prominence of a syllable can be deduced from the specific loudness in an (approximately) 360 ms window centered on the syllable in question relative to an (approximately) 800-ms-wide symmetric window...

..Within this context, the Learning Vector quantization methodology demonstrated to be more reliable than the multilayer perceptron architecture yielding 96% frame accuracy under similar working conditions...

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..The proposed method also confirms that alternative nonlinear methods can begin to address the limitations of previous linear approaches for speech pathology assessment...

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..The effects of VM may be partly psychological, partly related to a search of phonatory balance...

..Additionally, speech intelligibility depends on shared phonetic knowledge between talkers and listeners rather than only on accuracy relative to idealized production norms...

..We should evaluate patients with glottic carcinoma not only with vocal examination but also using stroboscopy before biopsy...

..Differences in vowel identification were found primarily for the front vowels /I, epsilon, ae/ along a high-low continuum...

..Finally, context effects (isolation or sentence) showed that the acoustic correlates of syllable-final voicing are attenuated when words are produced in sentences, rather than in isolation...

..These maps could be used by transcribers of infant speech, to complete existing systems and to provide some hints about underlying articulatory gestures recruited during growth to reach perceptual vowel targets in French...

..Phonotactic legality per se does not affect elision rates, but speech rate may affect the phonological system by causing a modification of the standard timing relationships among gestures...

..Further studies are needed to confirm/refute the explanations postulated here regarding the VP aerodynamic differences that were identified...

..Overall, it appeared speakers controlled pressure in compensating, but for the ultimate goal of maintaining acoustic and perceptual accuracy...

..Thus the ability of the models to predict performance depended more on whether the condition included the lowest frequency band than on the adjacency or frequency separation...

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..Auditory spectra showed that the pattern of spectral amplitude variation as a function of contextual effects may still be encoded and represented at early stages of processing by the peripheral auditory system...

..6% of the applied formant shift, respectively. Compensation was estimated to begin <460 ms after stimulus onset. The rapid formant compensations found here suggest that auditory feedback control is similar for both F0 and formants...

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..It is suggested that when describing acceptable production of /n/ a range of tongue/palate contact patterns are provided...

..Implications of these findings for the nature and development of lexical representations are discussed...

..The children perceived the level, rising, and falling tones with relatively high accuracy. The dipping tone posed the greatest difficulty for the children in both perception and production...

..Using a methodology which combines phonetic observation with conversation analysis, we demonstrate participants' orientation to these functions...

..However, the existence of SPF also in LTAS of the WNQ voices implies that more research is warranted concerning the formation of SPF, and concerning the acoustic correlates of the BNQ voices...

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..Results are discussed in terms of the biomechanical properties of the articulatory system that may give rise to these effects and in terms of their methodological implications for naming experiments...

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..3. Warming up is a valuable intervention because it improves the velocity and fluency of speech production without aggravating the signs of flaccid dysarthria...

..The results suggest that children's language production is similar to adults': a complex interaction of syntactic knowledge, limited cognitive resources, communicative goals, and conversational structure...

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..We conclude that these models, in their current form, do not provide an alternative explanation to the representation of consonants and vowels...

..Larger differences between these two language varieties were found for the dynamic specifications of the three long mid vowels, and, to a lesser extent, of the three diphthongal vowels...

..LE slopes derived across the syllable/word boundary, however, still differed between stop places in the same order as onset CVs. LE slopes derived from within-syllable [V1C#] sequences, however, did not differ between stop places...

..These findings provide evidence that VOT varies systematically from talker to talker and may therefore be one phonetically-relevant acoustic property underlying listeners' capacity to benefit from talker-specific experience...

..Quantitative models of VCV coarticulation must incorporate the trough effect in order to more effectively capture the kinematic properties of speech...

..We propose that, at this level, vowel selection may be more difficult than consonant selection because vowels belong to a smaller set of repeatedly activated units...

..Influences of speaker-listener variables on familiarity are discussed...

..These cases extend knowledge about the acoustic-phonetic patterns associated with FAS in an attempt to further describe the phenomenon...

..Results suggest that A2D models can account for some observed restructuring of listeners' perceptual space, but listeners also show evidence of directing attention to a previously unattended dimension of phonetic contrast...

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..The relation between speaker acuity and amount of compensation to auditory perturbation is mediated by the size of speakers' auditory goal regions, with more acute speakers having smaller goal regions...

..N. Stevens, J. Phonetics 17, 3-46 (1989)]. The results support a model of lexical access in which articulatory-acoustic discontinuities subserve phonological feature identification...

..Overall, variability was implicated in perception and learning difficulty in ways that warrant further investigation...

..As the results, the statistical models trained with the fast speaking corpus was effective. The learning effect was significant in the early stage of the trials and the effect sustained for several weeks...

..Also considered are other factors such as sex (women are more likely to use fuller forms, even after controlling for rate of speech, for example), and some of the differences among the ten function words in their response to the factors...

..These results are discussed in terms of the relationship between non-native tone perception and production as well as learning at the suprasegmental level...

..These results suggest that correlations between speech perception and production may provide a methodology for evaluating different proposed acoustic metrics...

..The study has provided speech scientists, speech-language pathologists, linguists and other health professionals with a new and preliminary acoustic and physiological database for adult male speakers from these three different races...

..To evaluate the potential clinical use of composite measures derived from mean nasalance scores...

..Analyses of non-nasalized voiced speech are conducted using an electroglottographic device from which the initial estimate of the temporal information is given...

..These findings support previous research suggesting the audio vocal system is involved in the control of suprasegmental features of English speech by correcting for errors between voice pitch feedback and the desired F0...

..With time, there was a small but steady overall improvement in all categories. Early intervention (rehabilitation and implantation) are crucial for good speech acquisition...

..The patterns of interspeaker variation affecting the clicks are also documented, and these are found to accord rather well with the classification errors made by the optimal classifier using the anterior burst spectra...

..The latter is consistent with a compensatory attempt to overcome the latter...

..Other phonological and phonetic differences associated with clear/normal speech include changes in (1) frequency of stop burst releases, (2) VOT of word-initial voiceless stop consonants, and (3) short-term vowel spectra...

..The study illustrates the vital role that seemingly unimportant details play in the co-constructive process of creating meaning in interaction. The results indicate an area of competence that seems undisturbed in this speaker...

..As a result, It is obtained the acoustic features can differentiate with enough precision the pathology. However, the proposed feature does not require training samples and less computational power, as well...

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..Results are discussed in terms of models of speech production and a group of speech disorders that is usually associated with anomalies of speaking rate, and hence of formant frequency trajectories...

..Subjectively, women reported less success making themselves heard and higher effort. The results support the contention that female voices are more vulnerable to vocal loading in background noise...

..Planning scope varies according to the relation between the 2 phrases composing the subject phrase. A thematically defined functional phrase is suggested as defining this scope...

..So far it has not been possible to describe the relationship between cleft type and intelligibility except subjective, categorical evaluation...

..dysarthrias are commonly found in patients with spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA)...

..Thus, the sentence imitation procedure offers a valid and efficient alternative to conversational sampling. However, clinicians should consider individual child characteristics when choosing an imitative approach...

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..A more specific clinical marker would be more effective in diagnosing disordered populations in a multilingual context...

..It ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 in mechanism 1 and from 0.5 to 0.95 in mechanism 2. The open quotient is strongly related to vocal intensity in mechanism 1 and to fundamental frequency in mechanism 2...

..All dialects and speaking styles studied here share a common definition of prominence. The result is robust to differences in labeling practice and the dialect of the labeler...

..Tone perception was poorer for tones with extensive fundamental frequency variation and without a typical phonation type. The results in this group of teachers supported our hypothesis that MTD impairs lexical tone phonation...

..These findings support the inference that models of speech production must assign a role to auditory feedback in error-based correction of feedforward commands for subsequent articulatory gestures...

..The data show that during the production of a determiner-noun phrase, nouns automatically activate the phonological forms of their determiners, which can compete with the phonological forms that are generated by an assimilation rule...

..Second, listeners show adaptation to the natural fast sentences, but performance for this type of fast speech does not improve to the level of time-compressed sentences...

..Vowel formant frequency measures were selected as the specific target of focus...

..This study tested the effects of low-pass filter cutoff frequency on the results of acoustic voice analysis, with a particular interest in the effects of low cutoff frequencies on nonlinear dynamic parameters...

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..These findings were discussed in terms of the effects of the linguistic complexity, since for the syllable repetition task, no significant differences between PWC and controls were found...

..The theoretical implications of these findings for models of speech production are discussed...

..Data are discussed according to the hypothesis that integration between gesture and word occurs by transferring the social intention to interact directly with the interlocutor from the gesture to the word...

..For phenotyping specific language impairment (SLI) in kindergarten children in clinical practice and research issues, we need a valid diagnostic method for dichotomous classification (language impaired, normal developing)...

..We highlight the role of social cognition in word learning and emphasize the communicative-referential functions of early gaze following and pointing...

..e., the Repeat-to-Point ratio, to aid in the diagnosis of these two language variants of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)...

..Further research is needed to understand fully the contribution of the intention manipulation to treatment response...

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..The importance of including these airstream types in both phonetic theory and practice classes in the training of speech-language pathologists is stressed...

..The passages differed markedly in the demands that they placed upon the speaker (i.e., length and complexity), as well as the adequacy of the phonetic sample...

..Clinical implications regarding norms for both monolingual and bilingual persons, as well as implications for understanding the nature of bilingualism, in particular code-switching, are discussed...

..are discussed...

..Students showed greatest gains on consonants that were absent or marginal in their speech pre-treatment. No particular advantage of one technology over the other was evident in this sample...

..The findings suggest that the traditional focus on single word production in the assessment of developmental speech disorders needs to be modified to allow more extensive consideration of speech production in spontaneous speech...

..Contrary to the identification-production hypothesis, no age-related diminutions in identification or production forms of priming were found...

..The outcome of this research holds clinical application in the design, implementation and efficacy of treatment for children with functional phonological delays. ..

..These findings will lay the foundation for constructing a developmental model of language planning, providing a framework for designing more effective tools for diagnosing and treating aspects of language impairment. ..

..The immediate goal is to isolate and explicate processes underlying normalization with and without intervention. Long term aims are focused on primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of prevention (Asha, 1982; 1987)...

..A translational project will provide speech-language pathologists with an assessment tool to make early and accurate diagnostic decisions, with implications for individualized treatment based on the type of speech delay. ..

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..A translational project will provide speech-language pathologists with an assessment tool to make early and accurate diagnostic decisions, with implications for individualized treatment based on the type of speech delay. ..

..Research indicates that this proposed etiological subtype of SD is clinically over-diagnosed (i.e., false positives). Study Series 6 will cross-validate two acoustic diagnostic markers for this subtype of SD. ..

..A translational project will provide speech-language pathologists with an assessment tool to make early and accurate diagnostic decisions, with implications for individualized treatment based on the type of speech delay. ..

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..The results of these experiments will have important implications both for understanding how speech production processes develop and for designing appropriate intervention for children with SLI. ..

..The intervention proposed is unique because it provides a naturalistic external cue and trains the individuals during activities of daily living. ..

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..A final hypothesis, to be tested with the vocal tract model, is that dysarthric speakers have fewer articulatory degrees of freedom in realizing vowel spectra, as compared to normal speakers. ..

..The intervention proposed is unique because it provides a naturalistic external cue and trains the individuals during activities of daily living. ..

..Two treatment factors will be tested: (1) the kinds of words that are taught and (2) the methods of word presentation. ..

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..Results will lead to a better understanding of communication prognoses and ultimately may lead to interventions that enhance communication outcomes in children with CP. ..

..It is possible, for example, that therapeutic techniques may be developed that incorporate specific respiratory strategies employed by speakers with cleft palate who exhibit acceptable speech characteristics. ..

..Results will lead to a better understanding of communication prognoses and ultimately may lead to interventions that enhance communication outcomes in children with CP. ..

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..18). ..

..Domain-specific properties of categorization, particular to phonology, will be distinguished from those that are attributable more generally to the cognitive capabilities of learners...

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..Findings from these projects will provide meaningful insights into the role that salient linguistic processes play in the initiation and/or cause of instances of stuttering in children. ..

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..Clinically, the consequences of defaults for learning will be determined, and the efficacy of treatment in inducing change in defaults will be established. ..

..Training in recognizing clinical applications of the work will be fostered by consultations with two prominent laryngologists, Dr. Gerald Berke and Dr. Randal Paniello. ..

..These results will have positive impact, since the new knowledge will result in improved diagnostic and clinical techniques that could not be otherwise developed. ..

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