chloramphenicol

Summary

Summary: An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Chloramphenicol causes mitochondrial stress, decreases ATP biosynthesis, induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression, and solid-tumor cell invasion
    Ching Hao Li
    Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    Toxicol Sci 116:140-50. 2010
  2. ncbi Development of an improved method for trace analysis of chloramphenicol using molecularly imprinted polymers
    Brian Boyd
    MIP Technologies AB, Box 737, Lund 22007, Sweden
    J Chromatogr A 1174:63-71. 2007
  3. ncbi Molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion for extraction of chloramphenicol in fish tissues coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography determination
    Linyuan Guo
    Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
    Anal Bioanal Chem 392:1431-8. 2008
  4. ncbi Chromatographic evaluation of polymers imprinted with analogs of chloramphenicol and application to selective solid-phase extraction
    Christina Schirmer
    Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann Weigmann Str 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
    Anal Bioanal Chem 394:2249-55. 2009
  5. ncbi mexEF-oprN multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: regulation by the MexT activator in response to nitrosative stress and chloramphenicol
    Hossam Fetar
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:508-14. 2011
  6. ncbi Antibiotics and Wolbachia in filarial nematodes: antifilarial activity of rifampicin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol against Onchocerca gutturosa, Onchocerca lienalis and Brugia pahangi
    S Townson
    Tropical Parasitic Diseases Unit, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, UK
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol 94:801-16. 2000
  7. ncbi Simultaneous detection for three kinds of veterinary drugs: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol by high-throughput suspension array technology
    Nan Liu
    Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
    Anal Chim Acta 632:128-34. 2009
  8. ncbi Erythromycin- and chloramphenicol-induced ribosomal assembly defects are secondary effects of protein synthesis inhibition
    Triinu Siibak
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:563-71. 2009
  9. ncbi Synergism of Leu-Lys rich antimicrobial peptides and chloramphenicol against bacterial cells
    Yoonkyung Park
    Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-Ku, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1764:24-32. 2006
  10. ncbi The protein synthesis inhibitors, oxazolidinones and chloramphenicol, cause extensive translational inaccuracy in vivo
    Jill Thompson
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
    J Mol Biol 322:273-9. 2002

Research Grants

  1. DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES IN TRICHOMONAS & GIARDIA
    C Wang; Fiscal Year: 1993
  2. NUCLEIC ACID PROBES OF RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
    BARRY COOPERMAN; Fiscal Year: 2003
  3. Single Molecule Dynamics of mRNA Translation
    Yale E Goldman; Fiscal Year: 2010
  4. Single Molecule Dynamics of mRNA Translation
    BARRY COOPERMAN; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Endothelial Cell Phenotype
    John F Keaney; Fiscal Year: 2010
  6. PERMEABILITY OF THE EPIDEMIC TYPHUS RICKETTSIA
    Herbert Winkler; Fiscal Year: 1993
  7. GENETIC COMPETENCE IN STREPTOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILMS
    Dennis Cvitkovitch; Fiscal Year: 2001
  8. High Throughput Protein Production by Novel E. coli Expression-Secretion System
    WILLIAM MACCONNELL; Fiscal Year: 2006
  9. Cytochrome P450 in Reperfusion Injury
    Roberta Gottlieb; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. DIETARY FAT REGULATION OF HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION
    DONALD JUMP; Fiscal Year: 1993

Detail Information

Publications260 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Chloramphenicol causes mitochondrial stress, decreases ATP biosynthesis, induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression, and solid-tumor cell invasion
    Ching Hao Li
    Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    Toxicol Sci 116:140-50. 2010
    Overuse and abuse of antibiotics can increase the risk of cancer. Chloramphenicol can inhibit both bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis, causing mitochondrial stress and decreased ATP biosynthesis...
  2. ncbi Development of an improved method for trace analysis of chloramphenicol using molecularly imprinted polymers
    Brian Boyd
    MIP Technologies AB, Box 737, Lund 22007, Sweden
    J Chromatogr A 1174:63-71. 2007
    A confirmatory method is described for the determination of the illegal antibiotic chloramphenicol using a specifically developed molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the sample clean-up technique...
  3. ncbi Molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion for extraction of chloramphenicol in fish tissues coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography determination
    Linyuan Guo
    Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
    Anal Bioanal Chem 392:1431-8. 2008
    ..MSPD) sorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the efficient determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in fish tissues are studied...
  4. ncbi Chromatographic evaluation of polymers imprinted with analogs of chloramphenicol and application to selective solid-phase extraction
    Christina Schirmer
    Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann Weigmann Str 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
    Anal Bioanal Chem 394:2249-55. 2009
    To obtain a highly selective material for the antibiotic chloramphenicol, which has several harmful side effects in humans, different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared...
  5. ncbi mexEF-oprN multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: regulation by the MexT activator in response to nitrosative stress and chloramphenicol
    Hossam Fetar
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:508-14. 2011
    ..In both instances, this GSNO-inducible expression was dependent upon MexT. Chloramphenicol, a nitroaromatic antimicrobial that is a substrate for MexEF-OprN, was shown to induce mexEF-oprN but not ..
  6. ncbi Antibiotics and Wolbachia in filarial nematodes: antifilarial activity of rifampicin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol against Onchocerca gutturosa, Onchocerca lienalis and Brugia pahangi
    S Townson
    Tropical Parasitic Diseases Unit, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, UK
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol 94:801-16. 2000
    The activity against filarial parasites of the antibiotics rifampicin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was examined...
  7. ncbi Simultaneous detection for three kinds of veterinary drugs: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol by high-throughput suspension array technology
    Nan Liu
    Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
    Anal Chim Acta 632:128-34. 2009
    Suspension array technology for simultaneous detection of three kinds of veterinary drugs, chloramphenicol (CAP), clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol has been developed...
  8. ncbi Erythromycin- and chloramphenicol-induced ribosomal assembly defects are secondary effects of protein synthesis inhibition
    Triinu Siibak
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:563-71. 2009
    ..Here we demonstrate that erythromycin and chloramphenicol, inhibitors of the large ribosomal subunit, affect the assembly of both the large and small subunits...
  9. ncbi Synergism of Leu-Lys rich antimicrobial peptides and chloramphenicol against bacterial cells
    Yoonkyung Park
    Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-Ku, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1764:24-32. 2006
    ..In addition, P5 and chloramphenicol has potent synergistic effect against tested cell lines...
  10. ncbi The protein synthesis inhibitors, oxazolidinones and chloramphenicol, cause extensive translational inaccuracy in vivo
    Jill Thompson
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
    J Mol Biol 322:273-9. 2002
    ..Both promoted highly significant frameshifting and nonsense suppression. Chloramphenicol, a peptidyl transferase inhibitor, affected translational fidelity in a similar fashion...
  11. ncbi Liposomal phospholipid preparations of chloramphenicol for ophthalmic applications
    Sherif S Mahmoud
    Biophysics Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt
    J Pharm Sci 97:2691-701. 2008
    ..has prompted the pursuit of ways to prepare drug-encapsulating liposomes that enable bulk release of the drug chloramphenicol (CAP) once the liposomal structure is perturbed...
  12. ncbi Occurrences and ecological risks of roxithromycin, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in the Han River, Korea
    Kyungho Choi
    School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 110 799, Korea
    Environ Toxicol Chem 27:711-9. 2008
    We evaluated the occurrence of three antibiotics (roxithromycin, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol) in surface water and effluents from several sewage treatment plants (STPs) on the Han River, Korea...
  13. ncbi Surface plasmon resonance assay for chloramphenicol
    Jing Yuan
    Biosensors and Biomeasurement, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, HortResearch Ruakura, Private Bag 3123, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
    Anal Chem 80:8329-33. 2008
    We report a rapid and ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay of chloramphenicol (CAP) by using large gold nanoparticles (40 nm) for signal enhancement on a mixed self-assembled monolayer (mSAM) sensor surface...
  14. ncbi Molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective solid-phase extraction of chloramphenicol
    Christina Schirmer
    Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann Weigmann Str 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
    Anal Bioanal Chem 392:223-9. 2008
    A variety of bulk polymers for the selective separation of chloramphenicol were synthesised from 2-vinylpyridine, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid monomers...
  15. ncbi Advantages of molecularly imprinted polymers LC-ESI-MS/MS for the selective extraction and quantification of chloramphenicol in milk-based matrixes. comparison with a classical sample preparation
    Rayane Mohamed
    Nestle Research Center, Nestec Limited, P O Box 44, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
    Anal Chem 79:9557-65. 2007
    A simple and fast selective extraction of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) from milk (raw milk, skimmed milk, and milk powder) using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent is described...
  16. ncbi Competitive immunoassay by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence for the trace detection of chloramphenicol in animal-derived foods
    Can Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P R China
    Electrophoresis 29:3422-8. 2008
    A competitive immunoassay using CE with an LIF detector was developed for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP)...
  17. ncbi Chloramphenicol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with decreased transferrin receptor expression and ferritin synthesis in K562 cells and is unrelated to IRE-IRP interactions
    L M Leiter
    Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Cell Physiol 180:334-44. 1999
    b>Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that consistently suppresses the bone marrow and induces sideroblastic anemia. It is also a rare cause of aplastic anemia...
  18. ncbi Antibacterial synergism of novel antibiotic peptides with chloramphenicol
    Yoonkyung Park
    Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-Ku, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of'Korea
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321:109-15. 2004
    ..We found that A3 acted synergistically with chloramphenicol against bacterial cells...
  19. ncbi Electrochemical analysis of chloramphenicol using boron-doped diamond electrode applied to a flow-injection system
    Suchada Chuanuwatanakul
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
    Anal Sci 24:493-8. 2008
    The electrochemical properties of chloramphenicol at a boron-doped diamond thin-film (BDD) electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry. The highest current response of chloramphenicol was obtained with phosphate buffer, pH 6 (0...
  20. ncbi Simple determination of betamethasone and chloramphenicol in a pharmaceutical preparation using a short monolithic column coupled to a sequential injection system
    Dalibor Satinsky
    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
    J Sep Sci 29:2494-9. 2006
    ..on a reversed-phase sequential injection chromatography (SIC) technique for simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and betamethasone in pharmaceutical eye drops...
  21. ncbi Evidence of natural occurrence of the banned antibiotic chloramphenicol in herbs and grass
    Bjorn Berendsen
    RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, P O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1955-63. 2010
    b>Chloramphenicol (CAP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was detected in several herb and grass samples from different geographic origins...
  22. ncbi Molecularly imprinted polymers for on-line clean up and preconcentration of chloramphenicol prior to its voltammetric determination
    M L Mena
    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
    Anal Bioanal Chem 376:18-25. 2003
    ..MIP) as a selective solid-phase extraction sorbent for the clean-up and preconcentration of the antibiotic chloramphenicol is described...
  23. ncbi Surface plasmon resonance assay for chloramphenicol without surface regeneration
    Jing Yuan
    Biosensors and Biomeasurement, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Hamilton, Waikato 2001, New Zealand
    Anal Biochem 390:97-9. 2009
    ..plasmon resonance (SPR) assay without surface regeneration was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP)...
  24. ncbi Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial
    Amit Arjyal
    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
    Lancet Infect Dis 11:445-54. 2011
    We aimed to investigate whether gatifloxacin, a new generation and affordable fluoroquinolone, is better than chloramphenicol for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children and adults.
  25. ncbi Persistence of Salmonellae in blood and bone marrow: randomized controlled trial comparing ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol treatments against enteric fever
    M Hussein Gasem
    Department of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1727-31. 2003
    ..a randomized controlled trial involving 55 adult patients with enteric fever to compare ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Blood and bone marrow cultures and cytokine profiles during therapy were done to compare the clinical and ..
  26. ncbi A microflow chemiluminescence system for determination of chloramphenicol in honey with preconcentration using a molecularly imprinted polymer
    Wisanu Thongchai
    Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
    Talanta 82:560-6. 2010
    ..incorporating a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) preconcentration step was used for the determination of chloramphenicol in honey samples...
  27. ncbi Development and optimization of solid lipid nanoparticle formulation for ophthalmic delivery of chloramphenicol using a Box-Behnken design
    Jifu Hao
    College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian, PR China
    Int J Nanomedicine 6:683-92. 2011
    The purpose of the present study was to optimize a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) of chloramphenicol by investigating the relationship between design factors and experimental data using response surface methodology...
  28. ncbi Single live cell imaging of chromosomes in chloramphenicol-induced filamentous Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Christina Steel
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
    Biochemistry 43:175-82. 2004
    ..The quantity of chromosomes and the length of the filamentous wild-type cells increase as the chloramphenicol concentration increases to 50 and 250 microg/mL, suggesting that chloramphenicol induces the filamentation...
  29. ncbi Maturation of the Coxiella burnetii parasitophorous vacuole requires bacterial protein synthesis but not replication
    Dale Howe
    Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071 3944, USA
    Cell Microbiol 5:469-80. 2003
    ..PV were not observed in cells treated with a bacteriostatic concentration of the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol. Rather, fluorescence microscopy of individual cells revealed multiple, acidic PV harbouring a single ..
  30. ncbi The pdx genetic marker adjacent to the chloramphenicol biosynthesis gene cluster in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230: functional characterization
    N Magarvey
    Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1
    Microbiology 147:2103-12. 2001
    ..requirement for pyridoxal (pdx) and is a marker for the genetically mapped cluster of genes associated with chloramphenicol biosynthesis. A gene regulating salvage synthesis of vitamin B6 cofactors in S...
  31. ncbi Effect of the efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide on the MIC values of the quinolones, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in Escherichia coli isolates of different origin
    Yolanda Sáenz
    J Antimicrob Chemother 53:544-5. 2004
  32. ncbi Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus gentamicin for community acquired very severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in low resource settings: multicentre randomised controlled trial (SPEAR study)
    Rai Asghar
    Rawalpindi General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
    BMJ 336:80-4. 2008
    To evaluate whether five days' treatment with injectable ampicillin plus gentamicin compared with chloramphenicol reduces treatment failure in children aged 2-59 months with community acquired very severe pneumonia in low resource ..
  33. ncbi Microarray expression profiling of Yersinia pestis in response to chloramphenicol
    Jingfu Qiu
    Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, National Center for Biomedical Analysis, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
    FEMS Microbiol Lett 263:26-31. 2006
    ..Human plague can be effectively controlled by timely antibiotic administration, chloramphenicol being a drug of choice...
  34. ncbi Fusogenicity of the Coxiella burnetii parasitophorous vacuole
    Dale Howe
    University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3944, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:556-62. 2003
    ..of infection of approximately 10 and simultaneously treated with bacteriostatic concentrations of chloramphenicol or carbenicillin. At 96 h post-infection, cells were viewed by phase contrast microscopy for PV maturation...
  35. ncbi Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ocular surface infection efficacy of chloramphenicol eye drops
    Masahiko Fukuda
    Department of Ophthalmology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka Sayama City, Japan
    Cornea 21:S86-9. 2002
    ..In this paper we report the prevalence of MRSA and MR-CNS in ocular surface infections...
  36. ncbi Chloramphenicol resistance in vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia: impact of prior fluoroquinolone use?
    Carolyn V Gould
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:138-45. 2004
    The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has increased markedly during the past decade. Few data exist regarding the epidemiology of resistance of VRE to chloramphenicol, one of the few therapeutic options.
  37. ncbi Detection and prevalence of active drug efflux mechanism in various multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Turkey
    Ufuk Over Hasdemir
    Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
    J Clin Microbiol 42:2701-6. 2004
    ..MICs of various antibiotics, including quinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and beta-lactams, for those strains were determined either with or without the efflux pump ..
  38. ncbi Modification of outer membrane protein profile and evidence suggesting an active drug pump in Enterobacter aerogenes clinical strains
    Stéphane Gayet
    EA2197 IFR 48, Faculte de Medecine, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05 UMR 5048, CNRS, U554 INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1555-9. 2003
    ..aerogenes that exhibited phenotypes of multiresistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and kanamycin were investigated...
  39. ncbi Influence on mitochondria and cytotoxicity of different antibiotics administered in high concentrations on primary human osteoblasts and cell lines
    N Duewelhenke
    Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Joseph Stelzmann Str 24, 50931 Koln, Germany
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:54-63. 2007
    ..High concentrations of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, tetracycline, and linezolid during 48 h of incubation inhibited proliferation and metabolic ..
  40. ncbi Chloramphenicol: a review
    Howard J Balbi
    Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, NY, USA
    Pediatr Rev 25:284-8. 2004
  41. ncbi Inhibitors of antibiotic efflux pump in resistant Enterobacter aerogenes strains
    Monique Malléa
    EA2197, IFR48, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293:1370-3. 2002
    ..parameters which contribute to the efficacy of the efflux mechanism, such as energy, flux selectivity, or functional assembly of the membrane complex, increases the intracellular chloramphenicol concentration in resistant isolates.
  42. ncbi Treatment of acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis: a comparison of fucidic acid to chloramphenicol eye drops
    Erik Kreyberg Normann
    Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
    Acta Ophthalmol Scand 80:183-7. 2002
    To compare the clinical and bacteriological effects of fucidic acid (Fucithalmic: 1.0%) and chloramphenicol (Minims(R): 0.5%) eye drops in neonates with a clinical diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis of suspected bacterial origin.
  43. ncbi Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial
    Trevor Duke
    Department of Paediatrics, Goroka Base Hospital, PO Box 392, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
    Lancet 359:474-80. 2002
    ..We aimed to establish whether the combination of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin or chloramphenicol would be better as first-line treatment in children with severe pneumonia in Papua New Guinea.
  44. ncbi Characterization of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in neonatal swine
    Kenneth M Bischoff
    Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 40:389-94. 2002
    ..Interestingly, 53% of swine E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol (CHL), an antibiotic whose use in food animals has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1980s...
  45. ncbi Role of coresistance in the development of resistance to chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs
    Kazuki Harada
    National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
    Am J Vet Res 67:230-5. 2006
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of persistent resistance to chloramphenicol (CP) after the ban on its use in food-producing animals in several countries...
  46. ncbi Method for regulated expression of single-copy efflux pump genes in a surrogate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain: identification of the BpeEF-OprC chloramphenicol and trimethoprim efflux pump of Burkholderia pseudomallei 1026b
    Ayush Kumar
    Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:3460-3. 2006
    ..Using this method, the Burkholderia pseudomallei bpeEF-oprC operon was shown to encode a chloramphenicol and trimethoprim efflux pump.
  47. ncbi Effects of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol on growth of algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis chui
    Hong Thih Lai
    Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Rd, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan, Republic of China
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:329-34. 2009
    ..Different dose levels of chloramphenicol (CAP), florfenicol (FF), and thiamphenicol (TAP) were added to cultures of one freshwater green alga, ..
  48. ncbi Chloramphenicol-induced mitochondrial stress increases p21 expression and prevents cell apoptosis through a p21-dependent pathway
    Ching Hao Li
    Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
    J Biol Chem 280:26193-9. 2005
    Pretreatment of HepG2 and H1299 cells with chloramphenicol rendered the cells resistant to mitomycin-induced apoptosis. Both mitomycin-induced caspase 3 activity and PARP activation were also inhibited...
  49. ncbi Novel mechanism of resistance to oxazolidinones, macrolides, and chloramphenicol in ribosomal protein L4 of the pneumococcus
    Nicole Wolter
    Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, P O Box 1038, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:3554-7. 2005
    Two clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, identified as resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol and nonsusceptible to linezolid, were found to contain 6-bp deletions in the gene encoding riboprotein L4...
  50. ncbi RNA aptamers to the peptidyl transferase inhibitor chloramphenicol
    D H Burke
    Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 0347, USA
    Chem Biol 4:833-43. 1997
    ..Specifically, the antibiotic chloramphenicol (Cam) naturally binds bacterial ribosomes in the 'peptidyl transferase loop' of 23S ribosomal RNA to inhibit ..
  51. ncbi Chloramphenicol and expression of multidrug efflux pump in Enterobacter aerogenes
    Didier Ghisalberti
    , , EA2197, IFR48, , , 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328:1113-8. 2005
    b>Chloramphenicol has been reported to act as an inducer of the multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli...
  52. ncbi Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, carbomycin and vernamycin B protect overlapping sites in the peptidyl transferase region of 23S ribosomal RNA
    D Moazed
    Thimann Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064
    Biochimie 69:879-84. 1987
    ..sulfate and kethoxal, we have probed antibiotic-ribosome complexes, and identified sites of interaction of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, carbomycin, vernamycin B and viomycin with 23S rRNA...
  53. ncbi Laboratory guidelines for monitoring of antimicrobial drugs. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry
    C A Hammett-Stabler
    Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
    Clin Chem 44:1129-40. 1998
    ..Those that are monitored include the aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin), chloramphenicol, and in some cases, vancomycin...
  54. ncbi Structural and functional study of the phenicol-specific efflux pump FloR belonging to the major facilitator superfamily
    Martine Braibant
    UR86 Bio-Agresseurs, Sant, Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:2965-71. 2005
    The florfenicol-chloramphenicol resistance gene floR from Salmonella enterica was previously identified and postulated to belong to the major facilitator (MF) superfamily of drug exporters...
  55. ncbi Association of resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and quinolones with changes in major outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide in Burkholderia cepacia
    J M Rajyaguru
    Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease Research, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children and Women, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
    J Antimicrob Chemother 40:803-9. 1997
    ..We isolated antibiotic-resistant mutants by stepwise exposure to chloramphenicol (Chlor) and to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (T/S) for four B...
  56. ncbi The importance of highly conserved nucleotides in the binding region of chloramphenicol at the peptidyl transfer centre of Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal RNA
    B Vester
    Biostructural Chemistry, Kemisk Institut, Aarhus C, Denmark
    EMBO J 7:3577-87. 1988
    ..has been localized at the centre of domain V of 23S-like ribosomal RNA (rRNA) primarily on the basis of a chloramphenicol binding site...
  57. ncbi A randomized comparison of oral chloramphenicol versus ofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in Laos
    Simmaly Phongmany
    Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99:451-8. 2005
    We conducted a randomized open trial of oral chloramphenicol (50mg/kg/day in four divided doses for 14 days) versus ofloxacin (15 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 days) in 50 adults with culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever ..
  58. ncbi Refined crystal structure of type III chloramphenicol acetyltransferase at 1.75 A resolution
    A G Leslie
    Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, U K
    J Mol Biol 213:167-86. 1990
    High level bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol is generally due to O-acetylation of the antibiotic in a reaction catalysed by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT, EC 2.3.1.28) in which acetyl-coenzyme A is the acyl donor...
  59. ncbi Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in African children with severe malaria
    Gilbert O Kokwaro
    Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Trop Pediatr 52:239-43. 2006
    The objective of this study was to determine if the current dosage regimen for chloramphenicol CAP administered to children with severe malaria SM for presumptive treatment of concomitant bacterial meningitis achieves steady state plasma ..
  60. ncbi Role of topical antibiotics in hip surgery. A prospective randomised study
    S Kamath
    Orthopaedics, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, CW1 4QJ, UK
    Injury 36:783-7. 2005
    ..We carried out a randomised prospective trial to study the role of topical chloramphenicol ointment application on postoperative wounds following surgeries for hip fractures.
  61. ncbi Ceftriaxone as effective as long-acting chloramphenicol in short-course treatment of meningococcal meningitis during epidemics: a randomised non-inferiority study
    N Nathan
    Epicentre, Paris, France
    Lancet 366:308-13. 2005
    ..The current recommended treatment by WHO is short-course long-acting oily chloramphenicol. Continuation of the production of this drug is uncertain, so simple alternatives need to be found...
  62. ncbi The crystal structures of chloramphenicol phosphotransferase reveal a novel inactivation mechanism
    T Izard
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
    EMBO J 19:2690-700. 2000
    b>Chloramphenicol (Cm), produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, is an inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal peptidyltransferase activity...
  63. ncbi Detection of a chloramphenicol efflux system in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry carcass
    M A S Moreira
    , , UFV, , , Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
    Vet Microbiol 109:75-81. 2005
    An active chloramphenicol efflux system was demonstrated in a multiresistant E. coli isolated from poultry carcass...
  64. ncbi Single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation spectra and resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with a mutator phenotype
    Dan D Levy
    Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-025, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:2355-63. 2004
    ..Some, but not all, antibiotic-resistant mutants lacking QRDR SNPs were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, consistent with alterations in nonspecific efflux pumps or other membrane transport mechanisms...
  65. ncbi Gene replacement without selection: regulated suppression of amber mutations in Escherichia coli
    Christopher D Herring
    Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
    Gene 311:153-63. 2003
    ..To compliment this approach we developed an arabinose inducible amber suppressor tRNA. Controlled expression mediated by the suppressor was demonstrated for the lacZ and xylA amber mutants...
  66. ncbi Study of clinical profile and antibiotic response in typhoid fever
    M N Chowta
    Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575 002, India
    Indian J Med Microbiol 23:125-7. 2005
    ..8 days. Fever was present in all patients. Resistance of S. typhi to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were significantly high. Ciprofloxacin also showed resistance in 18...
  67. ncbi Hyper-susceptibility of a fusidic acid-resistant mutant of Salmonella to different classes of antibiotics
    Mirjana Macvanin
    Microbiology Programme, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
    FEMS Microbiol Lett 247:215-20. 2005
    ..action of several unrelated antibiotic classes (beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol). The fusA1-15 allele, in contrast, is less susceptible to UV and to other antibiotics than fusA1...
  68. ncbi [Antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia: results of a multicenter study (1998-1999)]
    Faouzia Mahjoubi-Rhimi
    Laboratoire de Microbiologie,
    Tunis Med 81:167-71. 2003
    ..No vancomycin resistant strain was found. The acquire resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia are worrying, essentially for penicillin and erythomycin. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime have conserved a good activity...
  69. ncbi Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bifidobacteria as affected by oxgall, acid, and hydrogen peroxide stress
    E Kheadr
    Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute INAF, Universite Laval, Quebec, PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:169-74. 2007
    ..to ampicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin, vancomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, paramomycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and nisin A were assayed by a microdilution broth method...
  70. ncbi Extended antimicrobial resistance screening of the dominant faecal Escherichia coli and of rare resistant clones
    Goran Kronvall
    Clinical Microbiology MTC, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital L2 02, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 26:473-8. 2005
    ..Resistance was noted for ampicillin (30.5%), chloramphenicol (12.1%), tetracycline (23.4%), trimethoprim (24.8%) and co-trimoxazole (22.7%)...
  71. ncbi Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000
    D A Dargatz
    APHIS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
    J Appl Microbiol 95:753-61. 2003
    ..Faecal samples from cattle in US feedlots were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella. When Salmonella isolates were recovered the antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined...
  72. ncbi [Antibiotics-resistance pattern and genetic type of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Hangzhou]
    Chun-zhen Hua
    Department of Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
    Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 42:16-9. 2004
    ..One child could be infected or colonized by more than one pneumococci clone at the same or different time...
  73. ncbi Inhibition of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis by oxazolidinones
    E E McKee
    Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, IN 46617, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:2042-9. 2006
    ..Of these, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were significant inhibitors of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis while the ..
  74. ncbi Specific inhibition of the termination process of protein synthesis by negamycin
    Y Uehara
    Biochim Biophys Acta 442:251-62. 1976
    ..coli cells was sensitive to negamycin. These results indicate that the inhbitory effect of negamycin on the termination reaction is specific to negamycin and distinct from that of tetracycline and streptomycin...
  75. ncbi Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Portugal over an 11-year period
    Ricardo Dias
    Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Centre of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:2098-105. 2006
    ..The use of penicillin to treat empirical invasive pneumococci infections may need to be reconsidered...
  76. ncbi Characterization of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Kinshasa from dairy calves in Texas
    K M Bischoff
    US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, TX, USA
    Lett Appl Microbiol 38:140-5. 2004
    ..To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from a central Texas dairy calf farm that raises animals for dairy-beef production...
  77. ncbi Intrinsic mechanism decreases susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to multiple antibiotics
    Sherene S Golding
    Cook College, Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
    J Food Prot 67:34-9. 2004
    b>Chloramphenicol-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (n = 52) demonstrated multiple resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin...
  78. ncbi Plasmid profiling and curing of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken
    Sieo Chin Chin
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
    J Microbiol 43:251-6. 2005
    ..strains, all of which had been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of chicken, to three antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline) used commonly as selective markers in transformation studies of lactic acid ..
  79. ncbi [Expression of genes of prophage P1 Escherichia coli in cells of phytopathogenic Erwinia]
    L M Burova
    Mikrobiol Z 68:39-47. 2006
    It is shown that the temperate coliphage P1Cmcts100 can transduce resistance to chloramphenicol in the cells of phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia horticola and E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica...
  80. ncbi Gene replacement method for determining conditions in which Bacillus subtilis genes are essential or dispensable for cell viability
    H Yakhnin
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 64:382-6. 2004
    ..This method utilizes a chloramphenicol-resistant plasmid containing a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication origin...
  81. ncbi Chloramphenicol and florfenicol susceptibility of fish-pathogenic bacteria isolated in France: comparison of minimum inhibitory concentration, using recommended provisory standards for fish bacteria
    C Michel
    Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Equipe Infection et Immunité des Poissons, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Jouy en Josas, Jouy en Josas Cedex, France
    J Appl Microbiol 95:1008-15. 2003
    ..The last species was screened on two media (diluted Mueller-Hinton and peptone-enriched Anacker and Ordal), both supplemented with horse serum...
  82. ncbi Serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in The Gambia 1996-2003
    Richard A Adegbola
    Bacterial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
    Trop Med Int Health 11:1128-35. 2006
    ..To describe the characteristics of pneumococcal isolates obtained from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia...
  83. ncbi Determination of minimal regrowth concentration (MRC) in clinical isolates of various biofilm-forming bacteria
    L Cernohorská
    Department of Microbiology, Masaryk University Medical School, St Anna s Faculty Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czechia
    Folia Microbiol (Praha) 49:75-8. 2004
    ..cefepim, meronem, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin and amikacin for Gram-negative and of ampicillin-sulbactam, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, clindamycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin for Gram-positive bacteria was estimated in trypticase-..
  84. ncbi Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococci isolated from the vaginas of captive female Leontopithecus (Callitrichidae-Primates)
    Walter Lilenbaum
    Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi RJ, Brazil
    Am J Primatol 68:825-31. 2006
    ..processed to isolate Staphylococcus species, and tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin...
  85. ncbi Antibiotic-dependent induction of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E TtgABC efflux pump is mediated by the drug binding repressor TtgR
    Wilson Teran
    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Granada, Spain
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3067-72. 2003
    ..specificity, extrudes antibiotics such as ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. We have analyzed the expression of the ttgABC efflux pump operon and its regulatory gene, ttgR, in response ..
  86. ncbi Chloroquinolines block antibiotic efflux pumps in antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes isolates
    Didier Ghisalberti
    EA2197, IFR48, , 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 27:565-9. 2006
    ..In addition, some of these chloroquinolines increase the intracellular concentration of chloramphenicol. Some of the molecules tested in this work are able to inhibit the main efflux pump (AcrAB-TolC), which is ..
  87. ncbi Plasmids of Staphylococcus cohnii isolated from the intensive-care unit
    E M Szewczyk
    Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Łódź, 90 235 Łódź, Poland
    Folia Microbiol (Praha) 49:123-31. 2004
    ..clusters established for 9 antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin) using the method of unweighted pair group mathematical ..
  88. ncbi Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg susceptibility testing results
    Rajesh Nayak
    National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
    Clin Med Res 5:98-105. 2007
    ..The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of results from different AST methods for the Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg...
  89. ncbi Rollback of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi resistance to chloramphenicol and other antimicrobials in Kolkata, India
    Shanta Dutta
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:1662-3. 2005
  90. ncbi Presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in dairy farm topsoil
    J M Burgos
    Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Station 33, Portales, 88130, USA
    J Dairy Sci 88:1391-8. 2005
    ..within Roosevelt County, NM, determined the resistance profiles to antibiotics associated with mar, such as chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, penicillin G, and tetracycline...
  91. ncbi The prevalence of the OqxAB multidrug efflux pump amongst olaquindox-resistant Escherichia coli in pigs
    Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
    Department of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
    Microb Drug Resist 11:378-82. 2005
    ..It facilitates resistance to olaquindox as well as resistance to other antimicrobials like chloramphenicol. In this study, 10 of the 556 (1...
  92. ncbi Optimisation of the fluorescein diacetate antibacterial assay
    Stephanus Wanandy
    Department of Chemistry, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
    J Microbiol Methods 60:21-30. 2005
    ..The optimised fluorescein diacetate assay has been used to determine the MIC of gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol for Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gave quantitative results that ..
  93. ncbi Differential activity profiles of translation inhibitors in whole-cell and cell-free approaches
    M Weidlich
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
    Lett Appl Microbiol 46:155-9. 2008
    ..Evaluation of the activity profiles of standard prokaryotic translation inhibitors with different physicochemical properties under whole-cell and cell-free conditions...
  94. ncbi The streptomycin-sulfadiazine-tetracycline antimicrobial resistance element of calf-adapted Escherichia coli is widely distributed among isolates from Washington state cattle
    Artashes R Khachatryan
    Dept of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
    Appl Environ Microbiol 74:391-5. 2008
    ..Furthermore, our results indicate that this element is responsible for maintenance of these traits owing to linkage to genetic traits that confer a selective advantage in the intestinal lumens of dairy calves...
  95. ncbi Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci in Lebanon
    M G Zouain
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O.Box 113-6044, Beirut, Lebanon
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 17:209-13. 2001
    ..faecium respectively were, ampicillin 0.9 and 14%, erythromycin 59% and 40%, tetracycline 72% and 34%, chloramphenicol 32 and 11%, rifampin 36% and 57%, ciprofloxacin, 23% and 34%, norfloxacin 22 and 8%...
  96. ncbi Role of porins for uptake of antibiotics by Mycobacterium smegmatis
    Olga Danilchanka
    Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:3127-34. 2008
    ..The porin mutant ML10 accumulated less chloramphenicol and norfloxacin and was less susceptible to these antibiotics than wild-type M. smegmatis...
  97. ncbi Clinical and microbiological aspects of linezolid resistance mediated by the cfr gene encoding a 23S rRNA methyltransferase
    Cesar A Arias
    Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
    J Clin Microbiol 46:892-6. 2008
    The cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene encodes a 23S rRNA methyltransferase that confers resistance to linezolid...
  98. ncbi Identification and molecular characterization of an efflux system involved in Pseudomonas putida S12 multidrug resistance
    J Kieboom
    Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Microbiology 147:43-51. 2001
    ..present study, the authors characterize a new efflux pump, designated ArpABC, on the basis of two isolated chloramphenicol-sensitive transposon mutants...
  99. ncbi Molecular basis of bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol and florfenicol
    Stefan Schwarz
    Institut für Tierzucht, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft FAL, Höltystrasse 10, 31535 Neustadt Mariensee, Germany
    FEMS Microbiol Rev 28:519-42. 2004
    b>Chloramphenicol (Cm) and its fluorinated derivative florfenicol (Ff) represent highly potent inhibitors of bacterial protein biosynthesis...
  100. ncbi The Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 702259T ctr gene codes for a novel cholate transporter
    Claire E Price
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
    Appl Environ Microbiol 72:923-6. 2006
    Preexposure of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 702259T to cholate caused increased resistance to cholate, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The B...
  101. ncbi Plasmid-encoded multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to olaquindox in Escherichia coli
    Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
    Department of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83H, 1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:3332-7. 2004
    ..The oqxAB-encoded pump also conferred high (>64 microg/ml) resistance to chloramphenicol. We demonstrate that the subcloned fragment conferred H(+)-dependent ethidium efflux abilities to E...

Research Grants79

  1. DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES IN TRICHOMONAS & GIARDIA
    C Wang; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..g., chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or adenosine deaminase (for potential antigiardiasis action, see text)...
  2. NUCLEIC ACID PROBES OF RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
    BARRY COOPERMAN; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..use, such as tetracycline, erythromycin and other macrolides, neomycin and other aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol target ribosomes as their sites of action...
  3. Single Molecule Dynamics of mRNA Translation
    Yale E Goldman; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATIII). 3. Optimize the reagents employed in the TIRFM-FRET approach...
  4. Single Molecule Dynamics of mRNA Translation
    BARRY COOPERMAN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATIII). 3. Optimize the reagents employed in the TIRFM-FRET approach...
  5. Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Endothelial Cell Phenotype
    John F Keaney; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..We will then dissociate the metabolic stress response from mitochondrial biogenesis using pharmacologic (chloramphenicol) and molecular (Tfam) tools and determine the implications for endothelial protection...
  6. PERMEABILITY OF THE EPIDEMIC TYPHUS RICKETTSIA
    Herbert Winkler; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..in the exit of the rickettsiae will be defined though the use of specific phospholipase inhibitors and chloramphenicol. Appropriate phospholipase inhibitors may allow the rickettsiae to grow and divide in the originally infected ..
  7. GENETIC COMPETENCE IN STREPTOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILMS
    Dennis Cvitkovitch; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..It relies on construction of a heterodiploid mutant library of S. mutans with a chloramphenicol resistance-amylase gene fusion (cat-amy) under control of randomly inserted S. mutans promoters...
  8. High Throughput Protein Production by Novel E. coli Expression-Secretion System
    WILLIAM MACCONNELL; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..coli outer membrane porin (OmpF), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), or L-asparagenase genes to the c-terminal 200 amino acid portions of the Hly A gene ..
  9. Cytochrome P450 in Reperfusion Injury
    Roberta Gottlieb; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We have shown that inhibition of CYP with compounds such as chloramphenicol or sulfaphenazole can reduce tissue injury following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion...
  10. DIETARY FAT REGULATION OF HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION
    DONALD JUMP; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..To corroborate the in vivo studies, S14-CAT (Sl4-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) and FAS-CAT fusion genes will be used to transfect cultured hepatocytes...
  11. Structure of the multidrug efflux protein AcrA
    Partho Ghosh; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..coli AcrAB-TolC system, which promotes efflux of novobiocin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol among others...
  12. STRUCTURE/FUNCTION OF THE 790 LOOP IN RIBOSOMAL RNA
    Philip Cunningham; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..In this system, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter message is translated exclusively by plasmid encoded ribosomes which cannot ..