squalene

b>Squalene is a natural lipid belonging to the terpenoid family and a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is synthesized in humans and also in a wide array of organisms and substances, from sharks to olives and even bran, among others...

..the interaction of acyclovir and its prodrug squalenoyl-acyclovir (obtained by conjugation of 1,1',2-tris-nor-squalene acid (squaleneCOOH) with acyclovir) with biomembrane models made of DMPC multilamellar vesicles with the aim to ..

..Pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) has the potential to cause a major global pandemic in humans. Safe and effective vaccines that induce immunologic memory and broad heterotypic response are needed...

..The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cholesterol metabolism is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in postmenopausal women...

..These data support the candidature of SQgem for clinical trials...

..Nuts also contain other potentially cardioprotective constituents including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. In the present study, the total oil content, peroxide value, composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, ..

..Further studies will reveal whether other single cell types are crucial or whether the different recruited cell populations are redundant with overlapping functions...

We studied the cardioprotective effect of squalene on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats with respect to changes in the levels of lipid components in plasma and heart tissue...

..Neutralizing serum samples had increased affinity levels and displayed >2-fold higher specific activity levels to well-characterized epitopes on E1/E2, especially to the hypervariable region 1 of E2...

Molecular interactions between gemcitabine, alone or conjugated with squalene to form the gem-squalene prodrug, with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Langmuir film balance ..

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..Thus, MF59-adjuvanted vaccine confers greater immunogenicity than non-adjuvanted vaccines in vulnerable populations...

..Systemic steroids did not influence the antibody response towards the MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. We found that the strains included in the vaccine showed varying long-term immunogenicity...

In this study, the dynamically folded conformation of squalene (SQ) is taken advantage of to link this natural compound to the anticancer nucleoside analogue gemcitabine (gem) in order to achieve the spontaneous formation of ..

..Insulin action was measured with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The gene encoding squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1) was screened with the single-strand conformation ..

..lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols...

The membrane protein squalene-hopene cyclase was cocrystallized with 2-azasqualene and analyzed by X-ray diffraction to 2.13 A resolution...

..coated on hydrophobic polyvinyldiene fluoride (PVDF) membranes is described for detecting antibodies that bind to squalene (SQE)...

..following agents that inhibit steps upstream of cyclase in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway: squalestatin 1 (squalene synthase inhibitor), (E)N-ethyl-N-(6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-3-[(3,3'-bithiophen-5-yl)methoxy]..

b>Squalene synthase (SQS) catalyzes the first committed step of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. A full-length Arabidopsis thaliana SQS cDNA has been isolated by combining library screening and PCR-based approaches...

..The accumulated lipids comprise not only the delivered squalene, but also cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and diacylglycerols...

..We evaluated the protective role of squalene (SQ) in the toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide...

..hopanoid genes from Streptomyces peucetius were introduced into Escherichia coli to improve the production of squalene, an industrially important compound...

..We describe the first in humans clinical trial of this prophylactic HCV vaccine...

We report the conjugation of the natural lipid squalene (SQ) with a small interfering RNA (siRNA), against the junction oncogene RET/PTC1, usually found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)...

..b>Squalene synthase is another enzyme that is downstream to HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol synthesis pathway and ..

..b>Squalene, a constituent of olive oil, and a key intermediate in cholesterol synthesis may be regarded as partially ..

In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, our understanding of the formation of pentacyclic hopene from the linear squalene is enhanced by an X-ray structure of a complex between squalene-hopene cyclase and the substrate analog 2-..

The processing stability of squalene in amaranth and the antioxidant capacity of the oil-rich fraction of amaranth were studied. The processes investigated were continuous puffing and roasting...

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..Farnesol, geranylgeraniol, and squalene are metabolites of mevalonate...

..CONCLUSION: The CMV gB vaccine is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in toddlers...

b>Squalene synthase (SQS) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to give presqualene diphosphate (PSPP) and the subsequent rearrangement of PSPP to squalene...

b>Squalene, a hydrocarbon obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil and other botanic sources, is increasingly used as an immunologic adjuvant in several vaccines, including seasonal and the novel influenza A (H1N1) ..

..Here, we report the in vitro selective cytoprotective activity of squalene, an isoprenoid molecule with antioxidant properties...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic antioxidants in three types of argan oil (Moroccan food, Moroccan aesthetic and a French commercial variety) along with a basic comparison ..

..esters of hexahydroxydiphenyl (HHDP) dicarboxylic acid were evaluated as enzyme inhibitors of recombinant rat squalene epoxidase, a rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis...

..These compounds, having the reactive functions at positions C-2, C-15 and C-19 of the squalene skeleton, were studied as inhibitors of pig liver and Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) (EC 5...

..19 inhibitors: aza, methylidene, vinyl sulfide, and conjugated vinyl sulfide derivatives of oxidosqualene and squalene, selected as representative of different classes of substrate analog inhibitors of OSC...

..We investigated effects of squalene, hydroxytyrosol and coenzyme Q(10) on gingival tissues of rabbits fed on an atherosclerotic diet...

..MF59 has been shown to be more potent for both antibody and T-cell responses than aluminum-based adjuvants. MF59 has broad potential to be used as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant for a wide range of vaccine types...

..In type 2 diabetes (T2D) cholesterol metabolism is perturbed, and the role of squalene and non-cholesterol sterols has not been related to absolute cholesterol metabolism in detail.

..BioMarine 570 is well tolerated agent supporting the innate immunity. It was isolated from Greenland shark liver...

..Shark liver oils are rich in alkylglycerols and squalene, but contain relatively low amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids...

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..MF59 has been the first adjuvant to be licensed for human use after alum and, as part of an enhanced influenza vaccine for the elderly, is now available in the marketplace of several countries worldwide...

We have studied the effect of squalene monohydroperoxides (Sq-OOH), initial products of UV-peroxidated squalene, on the skin of hairless mice...

..Therefore, since its safety profile is clinically acceptable, this adjuvanted vaccine represents an excellent option for influenza immunization of elderly subjects at highest risk of complications...

We previously discovered that squalene monohydroperoxide (SQ-OOH) was produced on human forehead skin and suggested that skin squalene (SQ) may be the principal target lipid for oxidative stress (e.g., sunlight exposure)...

..Influenza A/H9N2 viruses can infect humans and are considered to be a pandemic threat. Effective vaccines are needed for these and other avian influenza viruses...

..44-0.53x0.65-0.79 microm) bacterium. The strain produced squalene and a red-pink carotenoid pigment...

An investigation was carried out to identify oxidation products of squalene (SQ) in latent fingerprints...

..can be responsible for the induction of inflammatory processes, HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with peroxidated squalene. NF-kappaB activation, secretion, and expression of IL-6, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ..

This study was designed to examine the effects of squalene on tissue antioxidant status in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats...

..of essential oil mixtures--thyme or clove leaf with cinnamon leaf, rose, or parsley seed--toward skin lipid, squalene oxidized by UV irradiation were investigated using the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography assay...

..ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate and by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector for squalene, (SQ), as a natural reference substance which the FAEE concentrations were related to...

Amaranthus grain of 104 genotypes from 30 species was investigated for oil and squalene contents and fatty acid profiles. The overall average oil content in Amaranthus grain was 5.0%, ranging from 1.9 to 8.7%...

In this study, the hypocholesterolaemic effect of amaranth grain, oil and squalene are examined...

Nuts contain bioactive constituents that elicit cardio-protective effects including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. The objective of the present study was to determine the total oil content, peroxide value, fatty acid composition ..

..We conclude that MF59-adjuvanted vaccines confer protection also against influenza virus strains which are not fully matched with those included in the vaccine...

..Human "native" intracellular sebum, before secretion, is composed of squalene, waxes, and triglycerides...

..001). MF59 significantly increased GMTs of antibody when compared to non-adjuvanted vaccine (P<0.001)...

A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the C and D rings of lanosterol from squalene on the basis of density functional calculations of a model cyclopentylcarbinyl carbocation...

b>Squalene is a triterpene that is an intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. It was so named because of its occurrence in shark liver oil, which contains large quantities and is considered its richest source...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic antioxidant and squalene content in a range of olive and seed oils. A mean of 290 +/- 38 (SEM) mg squalene/100 g was detected...

Microfluidized squalene or squalane emulsions are efficient adjuvants, eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses. Microfluidization stabilizes the emulsions and allows sterilization by terminal filtration...

..was analyzed by gas chromatography and the peak appearing just after the arachidonic acid was identified as squalene by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

Grain amaranth has been suggested as an alternative to marine animals as a natural source of squalene. Oil contents, squalene contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined in 11 genotypes of four grain amaranth species...

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..Among these, an oil in water adjuvant emulsion containing squalene, MF59, has been combined with subunit influenza antigens and tested in clinical trials in comparison with non-..

..We did an observer-blind, phase I, randomised trial in healthy volunteers to assess safety, tolerability, and antigenicity of MF59-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted vaccines...

..b>Squalene, vitamin E (vit...

..We sought to determine whether the presence of antibodies to squalene correlates with the presence of signs and symptoms of GWS...

b>Squalene monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH), the initial product of ultraviolet-peroxidated squalene, was used to investigate the effect of peroxidative challenge upon the glutathione contents in rabbit ear skin and primary-cultured fibroblasts ..

Until now, very little has been known about the antioxidant capacity of squalene and its effect on human breast tumourigenesis...

b>Squalene tetraepoxide, a putative biosynthetic precursor to a variety of oxacyclic triterpenoid natural products, has been efficiently synthesized by anionic coupling of two farnesol-derived diepoxides, which have arisen from electronic ..

We previously reported that antibodies to squalene, an experimental vaccine adjuvant, are present in persons with symptoms consistent with Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) (P. B. Asa et al., Exp. Mol. Pathol 68, 196-197, 2000)...

..in the maintenance of methanoarchaeal membrane structure and function, such as the composition of the mixture of squalene and its hydrosqualene derivatives and also properties of membrane-associated proteins were compared in wild-type ..

b>Squalene (SQ) and shark liver oil (SLO) are popularly sold as health supplements. The present study was designed to test the hypercholesterolemic activities of pure SQ and SLO in hamsters. SQ was supplemented in diets at the levels of 0...

Changes in the concentration of tocopherol, monophenols, o-diphenols, squalene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil were evaluated during 1 year at various storage conditions...

..The addition of the biovector to the vaccine given with 30 microg LTK63 enhanced mucosal IgA responses to A/Duck/Singapore (H5N3) (P=0.0491) and B/Guandong (P=0.0028) but not to A/Panama (H3N2). All vaccines were well tolerated...

..Additional experimental approaches are required to achieve the ultimate goal for seasonal and pandemic influenza prevention--namely, the ability to generate broadly cross-reactive and durable protection in humans...

..Thus, a prepandemic vaccine strategy that involves the stockpiling of both potential antigens and proven adjuvants may represent the best approach to deal with this looming threat...

..The study indicates that it is possible to replace alum with other adjuvant formulations like MF59 and PLG and maintain and/or improve immune responses with some vaccine antigens...

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..These data suggest that the HCV polyprotein delivered with adjuvants induces broad B- and T-cell responses and could be a vaccine candidate against HCV...

..now Novartis Vaccines and it consists in an oil-in-water emulsion, comprising a low content of biodegradable squalene oil (4...

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..The results showed good safety and immunogenicity for both vaccines under study for both uninfected and HIV-1-infected adults, confirming current recommendations for immunization of this high-risk category...

..Together, our results demonstrate that HDAC3 represses the synthesis of a key regulatory enzyme and reveal a novel mechanism by which the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway can be regulated...

..In this trial, virosomal vaccine had similar immunogenicity to MF59-adjuvanted and conventional subunit vaccine and was considerably less reactogenic than the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine in the elderly...

..The impact of these qualitative differences depending on the antigen/adjuvant associations will be important to take into account for further designs of vaccinal formulation using particulate adjuvants...

..31 [P=0.005] for pneumonia). During peak virus circulation, vaccination with MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine was associated with an 87% relative risk reduction in hospitalisation for ACS, 93% for CVA, and 69% for pneumonia...

..This article summarizes the main characteristics of MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine, the clinical effectiveness data that have been generated in recent years and future developments...

..Influenza A H5N1 viruses pose a significant threat to human health...

..In particular, formulations consisting of metabolizable oils such as shark-derived squalene and detergents such as egg phosphatidylcholine have been used to produce stable vaccine emulsion formulations...

..For the most part, antigen-specific cell-mediated immune responses as detected in the spleen (in contrast to responses detected in peripheral blood) of immunized animals appeared to be associated with protection in this study...

..This review supports the hypothesis that MF59 is a safe adjuvant for human use...

..This vaccine formulation and regimen may therefore be optimal in humans for protection against this highly heterogeneous global pathogen...

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..The present proposal is aimed at alleviating this deficiency. The chemical levels of cholesterol, squalene, Dol-P and dolichol will be determined by high performance liquid chromatography...

..g., certain statins and the squalene monooxygenase inhibitor, NB-598) are able to bind directly to a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, and these do ..

..The post-squalene pathway leading to ergosterol in fungi or cholesterol in animal cells share eleven enzymatic reactions in ..

..the prenyltransfer enzymes farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (sterol, ubiquinone, and dolichol pathways), squalene synthetase (branch point for sterol pathway) dimethylallyltryptophan synthetase (ergot alkaloid metabolism), 3-..

..inhibit sterol biosynthesis, such as inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase or squalene synthase, induce rat hepatic CYP2B1 gene expression by causing depletion of the critical cellular sterols that ..

..their ability to inhibit HMG CoA reductase, which blocks the synthesis of isoprenylated small GTPases, and not by squalene, an immediate precursor of cholesterol...

..their ability to inhibit HMG CoA reductase, which blocks the synthesis of isoprenylated small GTPases, and not by squalene, an immediate precursor of cholesterol...

..their ability to inhibit HMG CoA reductase, which blocks the synthesis of isoprenylated small GTPases, and not by squalene, an immediate precursor of cholesterol...

..total synthesis of the cyclobutyl isomer of presqualene as a new intermediate in, or inhibitor or, squalene biosynthesis. 3...

..to families of compounds possessing powerful antihelmintic and antinematodol mold metabolites ranging to squalene synthase and Ras farnesyl transfer inhibitors...

..to families of compounds possessing powerful antihelmintic and antinematodol mold metabolites ranging to squalene synthase and Ras farnesyl transfer inhibitors...

..to families of compounds possessing powerful antihelmintic and antinematodol mold metabolites ranging to squalene synthase and Ras farnesyl transfer inhibitors...

..to families of compounds possessing powerful antihelmintic and antinematodol mold metabolites ranging to squalene synthase and Ras farnesyl transfer inhibitors...

..In recent work, we discovered that human squalene synthase inhibitors can also block staphyloxanthin biosynthesis in S. aureus, at 200 nM levels. The resulting S...

..In recent work, we discovered that human squalene synthase inhibitors can also block staphyloxanthin biosynthesis in S. aureus, at 200 nM levels. The resulting S...

..type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases, and the enzymes that catalyze cyclopropanation building reactions (squalene synthase, phytoene synthase, and chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase)...

..The specific targets are isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, squalene synthase, phytoene synthase, chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase, and enzymes in the non-mevalonate pathway...

Seven human disorders involving enzyme defects in post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis have been identified...

b>Squalene epoxidase (SE) and oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) are the two key enzymes required for the production of lanosterol from an acyclic polyene precursor...

..The central hypothesis of this proposal is that certain lipids (phytosterols, squalene and oxysterols), in the quantities found in western diets, have physiologically important effects on cholesterol ..

..photocycloadditions applied to a synthesis of the novel natural products CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 which inhibit squalene synthase and ras farnesyl transferase...

..photocycloadditions applied to a synthesis of the novel natural products CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 which inhibit squalene synthase and ras farnesyl transferase...

..Seven enzymes will be studied - farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase, dimethylallyladenosyl-tRNA synthase, protein prenyltransferase, ..

DESCRIPTION (verbatim from the abstract): Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and bacterial squalene:hopene cyclases (SHCs) are responsible for generating over 80 different steroidal and other polycyclic triterpene structures...