ethylene glycols

..removal efficiency for the short EO chain NPnEO was less significant than the long EO chain NPnEO, suggesting that the degradation rate of the short EO chain NPnEO was lower than that of the long EO chain NPnEO in the wastewater treatment..

..Phenoxyethanol permeates through intact porcine skin in amounts of 11.3% and through barrier disrupted skin in amounts of 43.9%..

..2-Phenoxyethanol is readily absorbed by the newborn's skin but apparently undergoes extensive oxidative metabolization to 2-phenoxyacetic acid...

..Finally, given the effects of EGME on multiple genes and signalling pathways in the testis, mixture studies combining EGME, or MAA, with other testicular toxicants may help identify toxicities that are aggravated by EGME exposure...

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..It is concluded that a repeated-dose toxicity study with a treatment period for 2 weeks or longer is sufficient for evaluation of ovarian toxicity induced by EGME...

..These data suggest that cDNA microarray is a useful technique for evaluation of primary testicular toxicity. Furthermore, we propose the above 3 spermatogenesis-related genes as potential biomarkers of testicular toxicity...

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..The study characterizes EGME as a human teratogen, as indicated by the prevalence of characteristic dysmorphic features and persistent cytogenetic damage in individuals exposed in utero to this chemical...

..The reason for the sex-increased susceptibility for development of hemangiosarcoma is unknown but may be due to a hormone-related, reduced antioxidative defensive capacity through modulation of the activities of antioxidative enzymes...

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..These events coupled together provide the events necessary for the induction of hemangiosarcomas by 2-butoxyethanol...

..These results suggest an important role of the mediated electrochemical processes on the overall performance of the reaction system...

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..6%, 84.7% and 76.9%, respectively, between the 8th and 28th days of exposure. Apparently, there is a potential APEOs-related ecotoxicological health risk problem...

..8 microg/kg NP in muscle tissue. APEs degraded faster in the water column than in sediment. Aerobic conditions facilitate easier further biotransformation of APE metabolites than anaerobic conditions...

..9 to 6.3 microg g(-1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate AP concentrations in tissue of benthic invertebrates under real environmental conditions...

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..The results suggest that there is the potential for migration of these OWC, which are unregulated and not routinely monitored, in groundwater...

..The elevated concentrations found for the estrogenic metabolites of NPnEO are in accordance with an unrestricted use of this class of non-ionic surfactants in the country...

..The results are also useful since the wastewater treatment plant is located in a Mediterranean region, which results in an effluent with its own characteristics...

..These data indicate that construction of low-cost and technologically simple treatment wetlands may be one solution to reducing the impacts of contaminants from domestic sewage in developing countries, such as Mexico...

..Rapid and systematic degradation of NPE in on-site wastewater disposal systems was documented...

..At the same time, it was seen that the higher values of organic pollutants belonged to digested sludges...

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..05). Microbiological studies of TB in microemulsion showed better anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus as compared to marketed product (P < 0.05)...

..Isolation and characterization of new bacterial strains capable of degrading nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) with a low ethoxylation degree, which are particularly recalcitrant to biodegradation...

..Radiolytic treatment applied was also very effective in removing PEGs formed as by-products from APEO degradation, as well as in decomposing other surfactants, such as linear LAS, AS and AES...

..4 to 10.6 microg kg(-1) for PCBs in dried sludge. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by the determination of these compounds in sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Seville (South Spain)...

..04 microg/L at the upstream reference, 0.98 and 7.67 microg/L at outfalls, and 3.89 microg/L in the receiving stream). The field data suggest that NP is generated through degradation of NPnEO from airport runoff...

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..The results of our experiments showed that the permeability coefficient Kp was not able to adjust the flux of BE to the concentration. This is in agreement with the evaluation of Kp from BE data described in the literature...

..This method is currently used in the study of the distribution of those organic contaminants in the estuaries of the Bay of Biscay (Spain)...

..Young's modulus and the stress at break increased with increasing PHB segment length or PEG segment length, whereas the strain at break increased with increasing PEG segment length or decreasing PHB segment length...

..The profile shows subsurface maximum of AP concentrations in the layer deposited around the mid-1970s. The recent decrease in AP concentrations can be attributed to the legal regulation of industrial wastewater in the early 1970s...

..1 to 2.7 microg/L) in drinking water in July. Fish samples taken in December 2000 contained 4-NP of approximately 1.9 microg/g and NPEOs of 0.4-48.3 microg/g, with the highest concentration level found in liver...

..These results suggest that the air-sea vapour exchange is an important process that intervenes in the mass balance of alkylphenols in the North Sea...

..Organic markers suggest ADAF additives as a possible explanation for this increased toxicity. Results indicate that glycol cannot be used as a surrogate for fate and transport of other ADAF components...

..High concentrations of NP1EO and NP were detected in all copepod samples, ranging from 3423 to 6406ngg(-1). This study is the first to report high levels of endocrine disruptors in estuarine copepods...

..8+/-116.2 ng/g). This study suggested that the average daily NP intake in Taiwan is 4-fold and 8.5-fold higher than daily intake in Germany and New Zealand, respectively and rice was the major source of NP intake...

..The surveyed results suggested that some point emission sources of nonylphenolic compounds were located in the river basin between the first sampling site and the second sampling site...

..CONCLUSIONS: PEG-b-PCL in ACN assembles with fenofibrate into drug-loaded polymeric micelles with the addition of water and the subsequent removal of a negative ACN-water azeotrope...

..NPE1 was detectable in some samples but at concentrations less than the method detection limit (16.8 ng/g). Concentrations of NPE2 and NPE3 in all samples were less than their respective MDLs of 18.2 and 20.6 ng/g...

..Finally, the concentrations of NP and NPEOs were related to the total organic carbon (TOC) (p < 0.001), suggesting that TOC was an important factor for vertical distribution of NPEOs and NP from the Beipaiming Channel...

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..N2 adsorption results showed that the adsorption of NPE led to a decrease in the mesopore volume of CMK-3. However, the pore width of NPE-loaded CMK-3 was found to be identical to that of CMK-3...

..The developed SEDDS formulations significantly improved the oral bioavailability of carvedilol significantly, and the relative oral bioavailability of SEDDS compared with commercially available tablets was 413%...

..The present study suggests that the suspension of 40% ethanol containing 0.5% drug can more effectively enhance the topical delivery of CysA after skin pre-treatment with 10% menthol or 0.05% SLS...

..Levels of E3 in the liquid phase were low, and no clear conclusions could be drawn concerning its removal...

..The ozone/H2O2 process might offer a viable alternative in cases where the oxidation step is followed by biological wastewater treatment, so that biodegradability is aimed at...

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..The 3-D tank test showed that the MnO2 precipitation front formed more quickly when 1% SDS was present, which further confirmed the observation from the column study...

..Organic materials such as those given above apparently play a significant role in the formation of the carboxylated metabolites of NPnEOs...

..e. ADH1, ALDH1) and longer chain alcohols (i.e. ADH3, ADH4, ALDH1), respectively. Treatment with a general inducing agent such as dexamethasone enhanced ethanol and 2-BE metabolism suggesting induction of multiple ADH isoforms...

..The highest enhancing effect was attained with 10% caprylic acid in PG; the permeation flux was 113.6 +/- 17.5 microg/cm2/h. The lag time of KT was reduced as the concentration of fatty acids increased except for caprylic acid...

..As for the first study, the extent of dermal absorption was determined by biological monitoring to measure the resultant body burden of the chemical...

..57 h...

..The influence of receptor fluid on dermal absorption of glycol ethers could be relevant to prediction of absorption in vivo...

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..The microemulsion was stable after storing more than 12 months at 25 degrees C. The irritation study showed that the optimized microemulsion was a nonirritant transdermal delivery system...

..e., fibrinogen and lysozyme) adsorb more on the densely packed SAMs prepared from mixed ethanol and water solutions, while EG6OH-SAMs generally resist protein adsorption regardless of the assembly solvent used...

..Tissue concentrations of NP and NP ethoxylates determined in fish from various locations of the Great Lakes region ranged from 18 to 2075 ng/g, wet weight...

..The significant decrease of the contact angle and corresponding increase in surface tension, as well as significant decrease in cell adhesion, suggest the presence of hydrophilic PEG and DEG within the hydrophobic surface...

..This was demonstrated by the different peak distribution patterns observed for NPnEO compounds with n = 7.5 and 10, respectively...

..This chemical guidance effect due to self-confinement of proteins upon adsorption may bring novel and valuable applications, specifically in biomaterials science and cell growth control...

..Cytotoxicity of atRA against U87MG, U251MG and U343MG cell lines were increased by nanoencapsulation while empty nanoparticles of CE diblock copolymer were not significantly affected...

..of triethylamine at 0 degrees C has been shown analogous to that obtained for 1,2-disubstituted acyclic ethylene glycols 1: cis-1,2-cyclooctanediol (9f) produced the cyclic oxalate 14f as the major product, while trans-1,2-..

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..Over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, dihydroxyl end-capped poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that was strongly molecular weight dependent...

New intravenous conjugates of amphotericin B (AMB) with poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) (M=5000, 10,000, 20,000) have been synthesized and characterised...

..A promoter activity assay showed that the pegB promoter was induced by PEG and oligomeric ethylene glycols, whereas the pegA and pegR promoters were induced by PEG...

..ternary mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxypoly(ethylene glycols), Triton X-100 (TX100) and Triton X-165 (TX165)...

Protein resistance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexa(ethylene glycols) (EG(6)) has previously been shown to be dependent on the alkoxyl end-group termination of the SAM, which determines wettability [S. Herrwerth, W. Eck, S...

..cationic drug, diminazene diaceturate (DIM) and a series of new diblock copolymers, carboxymethyldextran-poly(ethylene glycols) (CMD-PEG), were evaluated as a function of the ionic charge density or degree of substitution (DS) of the ..

Poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) and room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are both projected as possible alternatives to volatile organic compounds (VOCs)...

..cross-section and electron micrographs of mechanically skinned fibres of frog skeletal muscle, we found that ethylene glycols (EGs) of small (mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-EGs; M(r) 62-194) and medium (poly-EGs; M(r) 900 and 3350) ..

..cross-section and electron micrographs of mechanically skinned fibres of frog skeletal muscle, we found that ethylene glycols (EGs) of small (mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-EGs; M(r) 62-194) and medium (poly-EGs; M(r) 900 and 3350) ..

..To determine the cloud point of a variety of nonionic surfactants and to search for means to raise the surfactant cloud point in liquid formulations...

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..techniques, combined with electrospray ionization, have been used to examine distributions of poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) with average molecular masses of 6550 and 17900 Da...

..To tailor biosensor surfaces in such a manner, poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) in varying lengths were immobilised covalently onto glass-type surfaces in different mixing ratios and ..

..Met), a drug for treatment of pain and stiffness due to muscular injuries, was covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) via a chloroacetyl chloride spacer...

..The complexes between PEG chains in PEG-protein adducts and PEG-beta-CyD may be considered as a novel type of dendritic structures...

..For this family of SAMs, the presence of about 10% of all-trans conformers gives a satisfactory quantitative agreement between the calculated RA spectra and experimental observations...

Low protein adsorption is believed advantageous for blood-contacting materials and ethylene glycols (EG)-based polymeric compounds are often attached to surfaces for this purpose...

..Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra(ethylene glycols) and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone were studied. The influence of minute impurities (<0...

..energy/voltage, CCE or CCV) has been systematically determined for different types of molecules [poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG), poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF), and peptides] over a wide mass (degrees of freedom) range...

Chemical conjugation with poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) are established procedures to facilitate solubilisation of hydrophobic compounds. Such techniques for PEGylation have been applied to polyhydroxybutyrate...

Amine functionalized poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) with molecular weights 2000 and 4000 Da were covalently grafted onto carboxy modified hydrophilic Sephadex derivatives and hydrophobic polystyrene derivatives using anhydrous amine ..

..The results suggest that the limiting diameter of the PA(63) pore is <2 nm, which is consistent with an all-atom model of the PA(63) channel and previous experiments using large ions...

..can be characterized by "gradient oligomer capacity", as demonstrated in the example of oligo(ethylene glycols)...

..present a modular system of biohybrid hydrogels based on covalently cross-linked heparin and star-shaped poly(ethylene glycols) (star-PEG) in which network characteristics can be gradually varied while heparin contents remain constant...

..approach to synthesize hydrophilic SERS labels in which the colloidal particle is stabilized by two different ethylene glycols attached to the SAM...

..Since the interaction with water plays an important role in the prevention of unspecific adsorption on oligo(ethylene glycols) this is important for its application...

..The results and the synthesis and screening method presented here offer new opportunities for choosing new membrane chemistries that minimize NOM fouling...

..hydrophobicity of the local environment was modified by using different alkyl chain lengths in a set of oligo-ethylene glycols. Our results show that the quantum yield of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots is highest for the longest alkyl chain ..

..as low as 13, hosting solutes capable of strong interactions with the end hydroxyl groups of linear poly(ethylene glycols)...

..Polymer conjugates of PRLA will be synthesized containing 1-3 strands of linear or branched poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) of various molecular weights (10-60 kDa), linked by various chemistries...

..Third, it would lead to testable hypotheses regarding the role of reproductive hormones, and their underlying mechanisms, in the maintenance of normal olfactory function. ..

..New drug delivery systems have had an impact on nearly every branch of medicine. Controlled drug delivery is a $20 billion industry and rising rapidly...

..abstract_text> ..

..If the initial D2 receptor deficits are exacerbated by alcohol abuse one can envision a positive feedback loop hard to break. ..

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..The high risk population can be targeted for intensive preventive and early detection strategies. ..

..At the end of this renewal, we will have completed our originally funded AIMS and examined new possibilities of 5HT and DA interrelationships and role of co morbid OCD and TS. ..

..The long term goal is to attract resident physicians into a career employing imaging research as a major component of their future academic careers. ..

..At the end of this renewal, we will have completed our originally funded AIMS and examined new possibilities of 5HT and DA interrelationships and role of co morbid OCD and TS. ..

..A fourth core will serve as an administrative interface and will provide statistical support among the participating institutions and projects. ..

..It is my strong belief that this progress will be maintained, even accelerated, in my additional five years. ..

..Both types of encapsulated nanoparticle probes will be used to transfect cultured mammalian cells in order to assess QD luminescence in a physiological milieu. ..

..Testing of these hypotheses will provide novel and fundamental answers to craving mechanisms. ..

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..In addition to providing a better understanding of the influences of TLE and TLR on human olfactory function, this work may lead to the development of a simple and inexpensive non-invasive means for better establishing TLE seizure loci. ..

..We propose to carry out experiments using PET to establish a more complete understanding of the neurotransmission in TS. This will also help establish new ationales for improved therapeutics in TS. ..

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