microfilament proteins

..Female sterile cheerio mutants fail to recruit actin to ring canals, disrupting the flow of cytoplasm to oocytes...

..In tissues where LTBP-1 is not expressed, LTBP-4 may substitute for LTBP-1, because the C-terminal end of LTBP-4 binds equally well to fibrillin. A model depicting the relationship between LTBP-1 and fibrillin microfibrils is proposed...

..These data shed new light on the complex organization of the Z-disc that is highly relevant to understanding muscular dystrophies...

..Conserved domain architecture suggests that WASP may work similarly...

..The energetic tradeoff between filament twisting and cross-linker binding within a bundle is suggested as a fundamental mechanism by which cells can precisely adjust bundle size and strength...

..Profilin catalyzes the exchange of ADP for ATP, refilling the pool of ATP-actin monomers bound to profilin, ready for elongation...

..Our results have implications for understanding the role of the cytoskeleton in the pathophysiology of kidney disease and may lead to a better understanding of the genetic basis of susceptibility to kidney damage...

..05 level compared with an estimated 1,343 that would be expected by chance, indicating that many additional common susceptibility alleles may be identifiable by this approach...

..However, it is unclear how actin assembly is dynamically regulated to support effective cell migration...

..These activities result in the spatial localization and more pronounced outward extension of the Salmonella-induced membrane ruffles, thereby facilitating bacterial uptake...

..The properties of MACF are consistent with the observation that mutations in kakapo cause disorganization of microtubules in epidermal muscle attachment cells and some sensory neurons...

..These genes (ACY1, WT1, SELENBP1, COBL, EFHD1, AGXT2L1, ALDH5A1, THEM2, ABCB1, FLJ14146, CSPG2, TRIM9 and HEY1) are good candidates for genes whose activity is changed upon the decrease of HNF4alpha in RCC...

..The most life-threatening manifestations are aortic aneurysm and dissection. We investigated changes in the proteome of aortic media in patients with and without MFS to gain insight into molecular mechanisms leading to aortic dilatation...

..These data suggest that direct phosphorylation of ERM proteins by NIK constitutes a signaling mechanism controlling growth factor-induced membrane protrusion and cell morphology...

..We have examined whether FlnA localization determines a propensity to metastasis in advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer...

..Our findings delineate a pathway by which PDLIM2 terminates NF-kappaB activation through intranuclear sequestration and subsequent degradation...

..Metamorphosis is an important process in the life cycle of holometabolous insects and is regulated by insect hormones. During metamorphosis, the epidermis goes through a significant transformation at the biochemical and molecular levels...

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..Plectin and desmoplakin have GSR-containing domains at their C-termini and we further demonstrate that the GSR-containing domain of plectin, but not desmoplakin, can bind to MTs in vivo...

..We have recently identified down-regulated microRNAs including miR-145 and miR-133a in bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study is to determine the genes targeted by miR-145, which is the most down-regulated microRNA in BC...

..This study shows that membrane protrusions constitute a critical motility/matrix-traction module that drives cell motility in a 3D matrix...

..Instead, Cno localizes to AJs by a Rap1- and actin-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that Cno regulates linkage between AJs and the actin cytoskeleton during morphogenesis...

..Thus, WAVE2 is essential for leading edge extension for directed migration in general and WAVE1 is essential in MMP-dependent migration in ECM...

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..Recent data support the concept that the dynamin family might act as a 'polymeric contractile scaffold' at the interface between biological membranes and filamentous actin...

..Taken together, these results show that interactions between sanpodo, the Notch signaling pathway and numb enable CNS sibling neurons to acquire different fates...

..We conclude that MTSS1 is a prognostic indicator of disease-free survival in breast cancer patients and demonstrates the ability to play a role in governing the metastatic nature of breast cancer cells...

..Thus, phosphorylation of E/M by ROCK is involved in the early steps of apoptotic signaling following Fas triggering and regulates apoptosis induction...

..We suggest the name cortactin, reflecting the cortical subcellular localization and its actin-binding activity...

..As cortactin is known to interact with membrane-associated signaling proteins it could have a role in linking signaling complexes with dynamic actin on endosomes and in lamellipodia...

..We further show that Notch3 is required for arterial specification of vSMC but not of endothelial cells. Our data reveal Notch3 to be the first cell-autonomous regulator of arterial differentiation and maturation of vSMC...

..In this study, the authors studied this question by measuring in postmortem brain the expression of molecules associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission...

..Functionally, we found that the regenerative axon growth of Advillin-null sensory neurons is significantly shortened and that deletion of Advillin reduces the plasticity of whisker-related barrelettes patterns in the hindbrain...

..Mutations in FBN1 and other genes found in MFS and related disorders will be discussed, and novel concepts concerning the complex and multiple mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MFS will be explained...

..Phosphorylated L-plastin might act as an integrator of signals controlling the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility in a 3D-space...

..To examine urinary expression of podocyte-associated molecules in patients with lupus nephritis (LN)...

..Certain espin isoforms can also bind phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, profilins or SH3 proteins. These biological activities distinguish espins from other actin-bundling proteins and may make them well-suited to sensory cells...

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..Our results demonstrate that expression of nuclear FlnA is necessary for androgen dependence in these cells...

..These regulated changes and coordination of cytoskeletal and exocytic machinery may be used in other physiological contexts involving cell motility and morphogenesis...

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..These results demonstrate that AFH14 is a unique plant formin that functions as a linking protein between microtubules and microfilaments and thus plays important roles in the process of plant cell division...

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..Thus, transgelin is suppressed during prostate cancer progression and seems to be an important factor in the dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton...

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..Collectively, these data demonstrate that MIM modulates interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane to promote the maintenance of intercellular contacts in kidney epithelia...

..This review focuses on the emerging roles of filamins in cell signaling and transcription, with emphasis on cell motility and organ development...

..Because ahl8 accelerates hearing loss only in the presence of mutant cadherin 23, a component of hair-cell tip links, mechanotransduction and actin crosslinking must be functionally interrelated...

..Thus, F-actin bundling by TRIOBP provides durability and rigidity for normal mechanosensitivity of stereocilia and may contribute to resilient cytoskeletal structures elsewhere...

..We propose that VLN5 is a major regulator of actin filament stability and turnover that functions in concert with oscillatory calcium gradients in pollen and therefore plays an integral role in pollen germination and tube growth...

..Furthermore, Cten induction is associated with post-transcriptional repression of E-cadherin...

..The identification of tumor-suppressive miRNAs, miR-145, miR-133a and miR-133b, directly control oncogenic FSCN1 gene. These signal pathways of ESCC could provide new insights into potential mechanisms of ESCC carcinogenesis...

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..Our studies have identified cten as a novel nuclear partner of beta-catenin, showed an oncogenic activity of cten in colon cancers, and revealed cten as a potential biomarker and target for colon cancers...

..4351G>A or c.4669A>G human deafness mutation did not, revealing functional deficits in motor activity...

..Finally, the Arp3 protein is present in a large protein complex. We believe that this complex may mediate the cortical functions of profilin at actin patches in S. pombe...

..Biol. Chem. 266:13284-13288], and Drosophila mp20 [Ayme-Southgate et al., 1989: J. Cell Biol. 108:521-531] suggest that all of these proteins may be classified as members of a new transgelin multigene family...

..5 in cerebral cortex. We propose that p92 (advillin) has unique functions in the morphogenesis of neuronal cells which form ganglia, and that it may compensate to explain the near normal phenotype observed in villin-deficient mice...

..This unanticipated role of FLNa adds to the growing evidence for the involvement of cytoskeletal proteins in transcription regulation...

..Together, these results indicate that SPI-1 effector proteins may participate in the late stages of Salmonella infection in mice...

..We conclude that fascin is a critical component downstream of Rac and Cdc42 that is needed for actin cytoskeletal organization and cell migration responses to thrombospondin-1...

..In conclusion, a transcriptional tensin-3-cten switch may contribute to the metastasis of mammary cancer...

..Our data provide structural insights into the mechanisms of mDia1 and VASP regulated actin polymerisation...

..Since mutations in myotilin result in two forms of muscle disease, an essential role for this family member in organizing the skeletal muscle sarcomere is implied...

..These observations start to define the basis for PI3K regulation of filamin through LL5beta...

..Dimerization, mediated by FLNa Ig repeat 24, accounts for rigid high-angle FLNa/F-actin branching resistant to bending by thermal forces, and high avidity F-actin binding and cross-linking...

..Furthermore, they suggest that inactivation of Rho by exogenous RBD causes upregulation of Rac activity in the transfected cells...

..Thus, nectin regulates the assembly and cell-cell adhesion activity of E-cadherin through afadin, nectin signaling, and p120(ctn) for the formation of AJs in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells...

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..Our data suggest that Mena binding to F-actin allows for gephyrin recruitment to the leading edge of uncapped actin filaments...

..The actin monomer bound at the GAB domain is proposed to be in position to join the barbed end of the growing filament concurrently with the release of profilin...

..Taken together, these data identify hhLIM as an actin-binding protein that increases actin cytoskeleton stability by promoting bundling of actin filaments...

..Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of profilin II-GFP directly correlated with the speed of the bacteria. Thus, the use of GFP-tagged profilin II provides new insights into the role of profilins in cellular motility...

..These data suggest that the function of EVL could be modulated in a complex manner by its interactions with multiple ligands and through phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide dependent kinases...

..When overexpressing VASP mutants in eukaryotic cells, they all showed targeting to focal contacts and stress fibers. Our results imply that VASP phosphorylation may act as an immediate negative regulator of actin dynamics...

..These results demonstrate that FILIP functions through a Filamin A F-actin axis to control the start of neocortical cell migration from the ventricular zone...

..Expression of neural-enriched isoforms of Mena in fibroblasts induces the formation of abnormal F-actin-rich outgrowths, supporting a role for this protein in microfilament assembly and cell motility...

..We conclude that Ena/VASP regulates cell motility by controlling the geometry of actin filament networks within lamellipodia...

..Our data suggest that Ena/VASP proteins contribute to Listeria motility by regulating both the nucleation and elongation of actin filaments at the bacterial surface...

..Interestingly, expression of the C-terminal EVH2 domain alone is sufficient to complement loss of Ena/VASP function in random cell motility...

..Our results provide new insights into the function of DdVASP in controlling the actin cytoskeleton during chemotaxis and filopodia formation...

..Our data demonstrate that Ysc84p and Lsb5p are important components of complexes involved in overlapping pathways coupling endocytosis with the actin cytoskeleton in yeast...

..These results indicate that Bni1p and Bnr1p are potential targets of the Rho family members, interact with profilin and regulate the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton...

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..Association of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors with FLN-A provides a mechanism whereby specific dopamine receptor subtypes may be functionally linked to downstream signaling components via the actin cytoskeleton...

..The movement is more effective when profilin, alpha-actinin and VASP (for Listeria) are also included. These results have implications for our understanding of the mechanism of actin-based motility in cells...

..VASP is not involved in Shigella movement, and the function of profilin does not require its binding to proline-rich regions...

..In addition, Trio GEFD1 exchange activity is not affected by filamin binding. Our results indicate that filamin, as a molecular target of Trio, may be a scaffold for the spatial organization of Rho-GTPase-mediated signalling pathways...

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..Unlike the assembly of cortical actin patches, cable assembly requires profilin but not the Arp2/3 complex. Thus formins control a distinct pathway for assembling actin filaments that organize the overall polarity of the cell...

..We propose a molecular ratchet model for insertional polymerization of actin, within which frequent attachment-detachment of VASP to F-actin allows its sliding along the growing filament...

..These data provide evidence that Tmod and nebulin may work together as a linked mechanism to control thin filament lengths in skeletal muscle...

..These results show that activation of ERM proteins can be accomplished by phosphorylation of a single C-terminal threonine residue...

..These results indicate that Bnr1p directly interacts with Hof1p as well as with profilin to regulate cytoskeletal functions in S. cerevisiae...

..Our results suggest that recruitment of factors, including profilin, by the proline-rich regions of WASP and Scar1 and the EVH1 domain of WASP stimulates cellular actin-based motility...

..Although earlier studies using cell extracts clouded the role of oligoproline sequences in activating the polymerization zone, our studies emphasize the importance of evaluating motility in living cells...

..We propose that Bud6 stimulation of Bni1 promotes robust cable formation, which in turn delivers more Bud6 to the bud tip, reinforcing polarized cell growth through a positive feedback loop...

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..Collectively, these studies of learning and memory will help to elucidate basic mechanisms of short- and long-term memory and provide insights into the relationship between memory mechanisms and clinical disorders of memory . ..

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..These studies will help elucidate general principles underlying the organization of neural systems generating behavior and its modification by experience. ..

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..Collectively, these studies of learning and memory will help to elucidate basic mechanisms of short- and long-term memory and provide insights into the relationship between memory mechanisms and clinical disorders of memory . ..

..Collectively, these studies of learning and memory will help to elucidate basic mechanisms of short- and long-term memory and provide insights into the relationship between memory mechanisms and clinical disorders of memory . ..

..These studies will help to elucidate general principles underlying the organization of polysensory neural systems generating behavior and their modification by learning. ..

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..Acquisition of this equipment will enable our institutions to engage in biomedical research highly relevant to pathophysiological processes and animal models of human diseases. ..

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..This should in the long-term enable us to develop novel therapies that tackle learning deficiencies and memory loss by modulating the expression of synaptopodin thereby promoting the cellular plasticity of the dendritic spine apparatus. ..

..Our hypothesis is that the kinase activity of PKC regulates PKD by coordinating its catalytic activation and intracellular localization. ..

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..Understanding transcriptional control of LN isoform expression will add new insights into the role that LN plays in normal glomerulogenesis and that becomes disordered in glomerular disease. ..

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..Finally, these studies should contribute to work on the mechanisms by which cellular interactions function to control cell growth and determine cell fate during development. ..

..Understanding transcriptional control of LN isoform expression will add new insights into the role that LN plays in normal glomerulogenesis and that becomes disordered in glomerular disease. ..

..This should in the long-term enable us to develop novel, selective podocyte-protective therapies that tackle proteinuria and progression of glomerulosclerosis by blocking the activity of B7-1 in podocytes. ..

..We also anticipate that these mechanistic studies will be extended to normal colon epithelial cells and thus provide a robust base for the formulation of an R01 award application. ..

..This should in the long-term enable us to develop novel, selective podocyte-protective therapies that tackle proteinuria and progression of glomerulosclerosis by blocking the activity of B7-1 in podocytes. ..

..Finally, these studies should contribute to work on the mechanisms by which cellular interactions function to control cell growth and determine cell fate during development. ..

..The results of this study will further our understanding of normal enteric neurodevelopment and congenital disorders of intestinal motility. ..

..This should in the long-term enable us to develop novel, selective podocyte-protective therapies that tackle proteinuria by promoting the synpo/ a-actinin-4 mediated recovery and maintenance of the normal FP architecture. ..

..These studies will contribute basic information on structure and function o unique glomerular LMs and establish the role of insulin and angiotensin II regulation of LM synthesis and accumulation in glomerular disease. ..