ergocalciferols

..A clear understanding of the molecular basis for the selectivity of vitamin D analogues on parathyroid function may allow the design of even more effective analogues...

..2 (1.1-1.3)). Mortality in doxercalciferol- and paricalcitol-treated patients was virtually identical. Differences in survival between vitamin D2 and D3 may be smaller than previously reported...

..This study investigates the effects of oral paricalcitol to reduce PTH in patients receiving chronic HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD)...

..In humans, few studies have compared the potencies of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in improving and maintaining vitamin D status...

..Current unitage for the calciferols suggests that equimolar quantities of vitamins D(2) (D2) and D(3) (D3) are biologically equivalent. Published studies yield mixed results...

..Vitamin D2, or ergocalciferol, should not be regarded as a nutrient suitable for supplementation or fortification...

..Vitamin D has been added to calcium-fortified orange juice. It is unknown whether vitamin D is as bioavailable from orange juice as it is from supplements...

..Whether ergocalciferol (D(2)) and cholecalciferol (D(3)) are equally effective to increase and maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is controversial...

..However, the lack of difference in PTH lowering between calciferol treatments raises questions about the biological importance of this observation...

..5:1.Vitamin D(2) potency is less than one third that of vitamin D(3). Physicians resorting to use of vitamin D(2) should be aware of its markedly lower potency and shorter duration of action relative to vitamin D(3)...

..To investigate the practicality and tolerability of high-dose intramuscular (i.m.) vitamin D2 or oral vitamin D3 replacement in vitamin D-insufficient patients, and to evaluate the biochemical efficacy of each formulation...

..This prospective study finds that ergocalciferol 50,000 IU three times weekly for four weeks effectively and safely corrects vitamin D inadequacy in nursing home residents...

..Two reports suggested that vitamin D2 is less effective than vitamin D3 in maintaining vitamin D status...

..A comparative study was undertaken in order to determine whether paricalcitol provides a therapeutic advantage to calcitriol...

..The role and dose of oral vitamin D supplementation in nonvertebral fracture prevention have not been well established...

..Whereas the defined maximum tolerated dose was not reached, the recommended Phase II dose was 12.5 microg/day given continuously...

..This study was designed to evaluate a novel non-hypercalcemic vitamin-D derivative (MT19c) and its anticancer effects in cultured ovarian cancer cell model...

..In this study we identify genes and gene networks important for the efficacy of a pre-clinical anti-tumor therapeutic, MT19c...

..Both drugs are approved for human use and may be good candidates for human clinical trials in prostate cancer...

..0 mg/dL) was greater in those administered calcitriol compared with paricalcitol. In conclusion, our data suggest that paricalcitol reduces PTH levels more rapidly, with fewer episodes of hyperphosphatemia, than intravenous calcitriol...

..More studies are warranted to determine the disposition of the vitamin D analogues, especially in selected populations such as pediatric and geriatric dialysis patients...

..Children with calcium-deficiency rickets have high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values...

..Assessment of vitamin D sufficiency in persons or communities may need to be adjusted for habitual dietary calcium intake...

..In summary, the reduced calcemic and phosphatemic activities of 19-norD(2) can be attributed to lower potency in stimulating intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption...

..These results show that paricalcitol safely and effectively reduces iPTH levels in hemodialysis patients with secondary HPT...

..In this study, exposure of BASMCs to phosphate and active vitamin D sterols induced calcification and changes in expression of genes associated with mineralized tissue...

..Because these associations may be secondary to bias by indication, randomized clinical trials are necessary to verify the findings of this and similar observational studies...

..These studies suggest that paricalcitol is able to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy, possibly by preserving tubular epithelial integrity through suppression of EMT...

..Paricalcitol appears to be safe and effective in pediatric patients. Data suggest that dosing should be gauged according to degree of SHPT. This should serve as impetus for future pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric dialysis patients...

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..Assessment of the effectiveness and safety of high daily 125 microg (5,000 IU) or 250 microg (10,000IU) doses of vitamin D(2) during 3 months, in rapidly obtaining adequate 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels...

..Moreover, the QD regimen had no significant effect on hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia or Ca x P product as compared with placebo or intermittent dosing...

..Paricalcitol also compares favourably to other oral vitamin D analogues, effectively decreasing parathyroid secretion with less hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria than other agents...

..When used in combination with paricalcitol, AMG 641 provided excellent control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and prevented mortality associated with the use of vitamin D derivatives without causing tissue calcification...

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..The goal of this analysis, therefore, was to determine the effect of ergocalciferol treatment on plasma PTH concentrations in vitamin D-deficient patients with stage 3 and stage 4 CKD...

..Possible explanations are that aggravated perivascular fibrosis after paricalcitol in renal insufficiency may be due to further suppression of calcitriol, or to a direct effect of the vitamin D analog...

..Moreover, the risk of osteoporosis and of fragility fractures may be influenced by genetic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR)...

..The long-term effects of this treatment regimen on clinical outcomes should be tested prospectively...

..Further work is required to define the mechanisms involved and to examine the effects of vitamin D therapy on outcomes in randomized, controlled trials...

..We conclude that low, clinically relevant dosages of calcitriol and paricalcitol may protect against CKD-stimulated vascular calcification...

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..To review approved treatment options for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..The number of patients who will be identified and prescribed therapies for complications such as secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is greater than initially proposed...

..Hence, different VDRAs have different effects on vascular calcification in uremic rats. The effects are independent of the serum calcium-phosphate product suggesting independent mechanisms...

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..This review will also elucidate the possible role of paricalcitol - a new vitamin D analog - in conditioning morbidity and mortality of patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT)...

..Calcitriol, but not paricalcitol, increased VSMC calcification in vitro and in vivo independently of calcium and phosphate levels. This increase in calcification was parallel to an increase in the RANKL/OPG ratio...

..Recent data indicate that cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) is substantially more potent than ergocalciferol (vitamin D(2)) and that the safe upper intake level for vitamin D(3) is 10,000 IU/d...

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..Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD...

..The effect of ergocalciferol administration on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in these patients is not known...

..Classically, SHPT is induced by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and calcitriol deficiency, that cause not only renal osteodystrophy but also systemic toxicity, particularly cardiovascular disease...

..The future treatment of SHP will probably require the independent management of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and PTH. Thus, low-dose combined treatments with selective drugs may prove more effective than sequential therapies...

..To control severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients, dietary and medication compliance may need to be supplemented with more effective non-calcium phosphate binders or calcimimetic agents, or both...

..We evaluated doxercalciferol (1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2) as an alternative therapy in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial...

..This study indicates that Ca(2+) transport proteins, including TRPV5 and TRPV6, are differentially up-regulated by vitamin D compounds...

..A prospective, randomized study is critical to confirm these findings...

..CONCLUSION: During the study, PTH was not adequately suppressed by paricalcitol. This was primarily attributed to withholding paricalcitol doses due to elevated serum calcium and Ca x P levels...

..In conclusion, a combined use of non calcemic phosphate binders, new vitamin D analogs and calcimimetics should be seriously considered to further improve the already known therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD patients...

..This is the first detailed pharmacokinetic report published on the administration of doxercalciferol [1alpha(OH)D(2)] recently introduced to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism...

..Less frequent dosing may better allocate nursing time and potentially benefit other patient populations with CKD and ESRD...

..Randomized clinical trials would permit definitive conclusions...

..The vitamin D analogue 19-nor-1,25(OH)2-vitamin D2 (19-Nor) causes less hypercalcemia and elevated Ca x P, whereas it still suppresses PTH in rats...

..This review discusses recent data regarding the role of vitamin D and its analogs in the CVD associated with CKD...

..Pharmacologic parenteral vitamin D administration is used to correct these abnormalities; however, the relationship between vitamin D therapies and hospitalizations has never been addressed...

..The relative importance and regulation of the different renal 1alpha-hydroxylases in the bioactivation of vitamin D3 under normal and pathological conditions will be subject for future studies...

..Falls among elderly individuals occur frequently, increase with age, and lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. The role of vitamin D in preventing falls among elderly people has not been well established...

..To describe the effects of 24 months of teriparatide therapy in an adult with hypophosphatasia, which thus far has no established medical treatment...

..90; average bias 1.61 nmol/L), the Roche ECLIA considerably disagreed (r(2)=0.58; bias 10.13 nmol/L). This LC-MS/MS method is reliable and robust for the measurement of both 25-OH vitamin D3 and 25-OH vitamin D2 in human serum...

..During and after supplementation, bone formation markers increased significantly during this part of the mission. Therefore, vitamin K seems to play a significant role in bone turnover during space flight...

..Both treatments could produce an improvement in the general health and probably a reduction in overall mortality risk of the critically ill patients...

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..The limited plasma response after a single dose of α-tocopheryl acetate led to the conclusion that oral single dose therapy with all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate is of limited physiological value...

..Enzymatic dephytinization increased zinc absorption. Multiple strategies may be required to optimize calcium and zinc absorption in deficient populations...

..Under the optimal culture condition, ergosterol content in recombinant strain YS58 (pYPE5) was about 0.70-fold of that in the referring strain...

..9+/-0.05 mM), 3-hydroxy-4-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1'-->4)beta-D-glucopyranosyl)phenylalanine (0.9+/-0.05 mM), 20-O-(D-glucopyranosyl)ergocalciferol (0.9+/-0.05 mM) and dopamine-D-galactoside (0.93+/-0.05 mM)...

..However, it is rare for the light chains to be of the lambda subtype. This may reflect differences in the physicochemical properties of kappa and lambda light chains...

..In recent years, a number of new drugs have emerged that hold promise for a more effective treatment of bone lesions in CRF. This review describes the current approach to the diagnosis and treament of ROD...

..Pharmacists also should be familiar with possible toxic effects of vitamin D, particularly as public awareness of benefits continues to increase...

..The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of vitamin D2 and free fatty acids on stress ligands and pro-fibrotic activity in LX-2 cells and human primary hepatic stellate cells...

..Vitamin D supplementation adds no extra short-term skeletal benefit to calcium citrate supplementation even in women with vitamin D insufficiency...

..These results indicate the potential limitations of calcitriol analogs for treatment of leukemia...

..It is suggested that free ergosterol (not total ergosterol) should be used as a biomarker for fungal biomass...

..It is concluded that CYP2C11 is a male-specific hepatic microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase that hydroxylates vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 1alphaOHD2, and 1alphaOHD3. CYP2C11 is also a vitamin D 24-hydroxylase...

..2% (fish oil) and 7.4% (cooking oil), whereas the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) values varied between 6.8% (margarine) and 24% (cooking oil)...

..The health consequences of hypovitaminosis D in low-income equatorial populations, at risk for both infectious and chronic diseases, should be studied...

..Atherosclerosis could produce gastric hemorrhagic ulcer via aggravation of gastric acid back-diffusion, LPO generation, histamine release and microvascular permeability that could be ameliorated by verapamil in rats...

..9-111.2%. In summary, a sensitive and reproducible method is reported for simultaneous quantification of vitamin D(2) , vitamin D(3) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) molecules in biological samples...

..Only endogenous 25(OH)D2 and/or 25(OH)D3 contained in human blood samples should be utilized for this purpose...

..Lack of standardization of these methods has resulted in inter-method disagreement and challenged whether current assays recognize 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 equally...

..A broader spectrum of therapeutic approaches will enable the nephrologist to individually tailor the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism...

..Our study is designed to determine safe and effective ways to raise vitamin D levels while monitoring effects on the immune system. ..

..These studies will provide new information about tissue specific modifiers of cancellous bone formation and endochondral bone formation in children with renal osteodystrophy. ..

..The result of the study should provide new information on the regulation of bone formation and PTH by different vitamin D sterols in patients with 2-HPT. ..

..These funds, if granted, will aid immeasurably in allowing the Gordon Research Conference to fulfill its function to stimulate further creativity in bone, cartilage and tooth research. ..

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..Our study will help physicians make evidence-based decisions about the most effective way to use vitamin D in their patients and enable the design of large multi-center trials in the future. ..

..6. Defining the effect of 7-DHP, its hydroxy and seco-derivatives and of vitamin D (modified or unmodified) on P450scc mediated pregnenolone production from cholesterol. ..

..6. Defining the effect of 7-DHP, its hydroxy and seco-derivatives and of vitamin D (modified or unmodified) on P450scc mediated pregnenolone production from cholesterol. ..

..6. Defining the effect of 7-DHP, its hydroxy and seco-derivatives and of vitamin D (modified or unmodified) on P450scc mediated pregnenolone production from cholesterol. ..

..Our study is designed to determine safe and effective ways to raise vitamin D levels while monitoring effects on the immune system. ..

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..We hypothesize that that volume control can improve BP and antihypertensive therapy can regress left ventricular hypertrophy in long-term hemodialysis patients. ..

..Evaluation of such strategies will improve BP control in hemodialysis patients and, in the long-term, provide cardiovascular protection. ..

..Novelty and Health Relatedness of the Project: This proposal will provide translational data on the role of intravenous iron to progression of kidney disease in patients with CKD. ..

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..Lastly the potency of the 19-nor compounds wil be compared to standard chemotherapy and their possible synergistic effect in multi-drug treatment established. ..

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..In addition we have described the inhibition of retinoblastoma growth by vitamin D compounds and sodium butyrate and we will continue to study potential therapeutic strategies in the transgenic mouse model of retinoblastoma...

..5. We will characterize pigmented tumors developing in the eyes of mice expressing SV40-T antigen (SV40-Tag) under the control of the mouse tyrosinase gene, and establish the relevance of these mice as a model for human uveal melanoma. ..

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..The findings of this study will generate important new information for health care professionals and policy makers with regard to vitamin D requirements and the potential benefit to both mother and infant. ..

..Current evidence indicates that severe bone disease and growth retardation are the main long-term consequences of chronic kidney disease since childhood. ..

..Both of these problems may be linked. The purpose of this study is to determine if a commonly used group of drugs, bisphosphonates, may help both bone and heart/blood vessel disease and determine the mechanism the drugs work. ..

..The findings of this study will generate important new information for health care professionals and policy makers with regard to vitamin D requirements and the potential benefit to both mother and infant. ..

..These studies, Dr. Moe, and the strong clinical research support at Indiana Unviersity provide an excellent training environment for the development of future investigators in patient oriented research. ..

..The results of the study should provide new information on the relationship between PTH and bone formation in CKD and they are likely to have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy. ..

..2d) Determine whether I a-hydroxy-D2 and 16,23 -D3 inhibit angiogenesis in a transgenic mouse model. These studies will complete the pre-clinical investigation of the efficacy of vitamin D analogs for human treatment. ..

..The findings of this study will generate important new information for health care professionals and policy makers with regard to vitamin D requirements and the potential benefit to both mother and infant. ..

..Current evidence indicates that severe bone disease and growth retardation are the main long-term consequences of chronic kidney disease since childhood. ..

..to developing new treatment targets beyond traditional (Framingham) CV risk factors to improve poor outcomes in these 2 patient populations and maybe in geriatric populations or those with chronic disease states and similar paradoxes ..

..We are committed to working cooperatively and constructively with the other CCC and Data Analysis Coordinating Center-regardless of the final agreed-upon protocol. ..

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