ferric compounds

..This review discusses the synthetic chemistry, fluid stabilization and surface modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their use for above biomedical applications...

..In this arena the role of intravenous (IV) iron is well established. This article describes how IV iron may be given in total doses in a short-stay hospital setting...

..This nanoparticle formulation can be used as a universal drug carrier system for systemic administration of water-insoluble drugs while simultaneously allowing magnetic targeting and/or imaging...

..It is shown that a more reliable way of identifying cytotoxicity for in vitro assessments is to use particles with saturated surfaces via interactions with DMEM before usage...

..Also, we successfully visualized small tumors implanted in a mouse. Such high-performance, nanotechnology-based molecular probes could enhance the ability to visualize other biological events critical to diagnostics and therapeutics...

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..We used the US Food and Drug Administration's Freedom of Information (FOI) surveillance database to compare the type 1 AE profiles for the three intravenous iron preparations available in the United States...

..Ultrafine particles appear to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier into the bloodstream, raising the possibility of direct contact with the vascular endothelium...

..We review recent advances in the development of targeted IO nanoparticles for tumor imaging and therapy...

..It was up to 3 X lower for electrically neutral particles than for charged particles. Coated particles presented higher vascular persistence. The diagnostic potential for liver, lymph node or vascular imaging were discussed...

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..In comparison with Endorem, nanoparticles modified with PLL of an optimum molecular weight demonstrated a higher efficiency of intracellular uptake by MSC cells...

..A steady increase in uptake of nanoparticles was detected with a higher density of carboxyl groups showing the relevance of charged groups as in the case of Resovist. Aggregation of these polymeric nanoparticles was not found...

..To estimate efficacy of rapid, large-dose intravenous (IV) administration of ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron therapy in anemic postpartum women...

..It is non-radioactive, does not require viral transfection and is already approved for clinical use as a contrast agent...

..The objective was to evaluate efficacy and safety of rapid, large-dose intravenous (IV) administration of ferric carboxymaltose compared to oral iron in correcting iron deficiency anemia due to heavy uterine bleeding...

..This novel system made use of the relative low Curie point of MZF-NPs to control the in vivo hyperthermia temperature and therefore acquired safe and effective heat-inducible transgene expression...

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..The purpose of this review is to describe the principles of MRI cell tracking with superparamagnetic iron oxides and the four clinical trials that have been performed...

..Antioxidants thus play an important role of protecting the human body against damage by the free radicals. Plants containing phenolic compounds have been reported to possess strong antioxidant properties...

..The use of SPIO-labeled monocytes provides a better tool to specifically assess the time window of monocyte infiltration...

..In vitro labeling of human monocytes for MR imaging is most effectively obtained with the approved SPIO Ferucarbotran. Potential subsequent in vivo cell tracking applications comprise, e.g. specific targeting of inflammatory processes...

..Furthermore, these molecular MR imaging probes are capable of distinguishing tumors differing in the degree of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression and in their angiogenesis profile even when using a clinical 1.5-T MR scanner...

..Thus, multihaem c-Cyts play critical roles in S. oneidensis MR-1- and G. sulfurreducens-mediated dissimilatory reduction of solid metal (hydr)oxides by facilitating ET across the bacterial cell envelope...

..To assess the use, side effects and discontinuation rates of iron preparations during pregnancy...

..The highly efficient gene transfer already within 5 min shows that this technique is a powerful tool for future in vivo studies, where rapid gene delivery is required before systemic clearance or filtration of the gene vectors occurs...

..This sensitive MRI contrast agent may find applications in identification of small liver lesions, evaluation of the degree of liver cirrhosis, and differential diagnosis of other liver diseases...

..It is concluded that the blood half-life of a targeting molecule-nanomaterial ensemble is a key consideration when selecting the appropriate ligand and nanoparticle chemistry for tumor targeting...

..This suggests silica-coated USPIO particles are most suited for cell labeling approaches in MRI...

..In conclusion, activation-specific GPIIb/IIIa blockade via human single-chain antibodies represents a promising novel strategy for antiplatelet therapy...

..Since that time, iron sucrose has become widely available and clinicians have gained additional experience with sodium ferric gluconate complex...

..For efficient acquisition of Fe-loaded ferrioxamine, N. europaea needs both ferrioxamine transporters FoxA(1) and FoxA(2). FoxA(1) probably regulates its own production, and it controls the production of FoxA(2) as well...

..We therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose as compared with oral iron sulfate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with IBD...

..We conducted a randomized multicenter controlled trial in adult anemic, iron-deficient non-dialysis CKD (ND-CKD) patients (>or=stage 3) not receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)...

..Replenishing iron stores in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease significantly increases hemoglobin levels and should be considered as an integral part of the therapy for treating anemia in the predialysis population...

..5T-system following injection of engineered autologous MSCs into the knee joint cavity in rabbit articular cartilage defect models...

..Microvessel densities estimated from the Q-maps are found to be in reasonable accord with histologically determined values. A possible application of Q-maps is the assessment of angiogenic activity in tumors...

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..Thus our in vitro data strongly suggests a potential clinical application of MNP(Fe(3)O(4)) and BrTet combination on CML...

..Consequently, for each cell type separately an optimal protocol has to be established...

..6 to 0.2 cm3 verifying the focusing capability of the system. The authors believe that the studies conducted in this work show that MFH can be a much more effective method with better heat localization and focusing abilities...

..Cell-surface receptor-targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles provide molecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for improving specificity of the detection of human cancer...

..Conclusively, though careful titration is indicated, MPIOs are a promising tool for in vivo cell tracking and evaluation of cell-based therapies...

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..To help differentiate risk among the parenteral iron products, the brand name of the product always should be provided on medical records, death certificates, and adverse drug reaction reports...

..Additionally, nearly periodic superlattice dislocations consisting of inserted half-planes of gold nanocrystals were observed by SEM in some BSLs...

..In comparison with other respiratory processes, the study of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction is in its infancy, but genome-enabled approaches are rapidly advancing our understanding of this environmentally significant physiology...

..These results encourage further investigation into the development of the rHFn-iron oxide contrast agent to assess inflammatory disease status such as macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques in vivo...

..The viability of cells, estimated by methods assessing cell membrane permeability, was not affected by magnetic labeling in the conditions used in this work...

..However, concerns of potential iron toxicity persist. Thus, this study was conducted to more fully gauge iron toxicologic profiles and potential determinants thereof...

..In conclusion, Ferrlecit doses of 250 or 500 mg are complicated with significant untoward reactions in 10-30% of patients, in a dose-dependent fashion...

..Where intravenous iron is preferred, lower doses may help to reduce the incidence of allergic or "free iron" reactions, especially in patients with low body mass...

..and a potential role for the extracellular ferric reductase in utilization of environmental and host ferric compounds through the production of free, soluble Fe(II)...

..Higher individual doses of SFGC would permit more rapid repletion of iron stores and greater flexibility in maintenance iron therapy as well as simplify treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients and chronic kidney disease patients...

..It is concluded that 5-BrTet and MNP-Fe(3)O(4) combined with DNR had a significant tumor-suppressing effect on a MDR leukemia cells xenograft model...

..We sought to determine whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) outcome is affected by SPIO labeling in a rat model of myocardial infarction...

..SPIO-enhanced MRI provides a new tool to selectively visualize active periods of macrophage transmigration into the nervous system, thus enabling dynamic views on a fundamental process in a multitude of nerve disorders...

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..The relationship between antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) responsiveness after hepatitis B vaccination and rHuEPO/adjuvant iron supplementation has not been reported before...

..To show the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled cells...

..Three degradation products (desethylatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and 2-hydroxyatrazine) were identified and corroborate with a Fenton reaction taking place in solution...

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..This study identifies similarities between phosphine toxicity and iron overload and demonstrates that phosphine can trigger iron release from storage proteins, increasing lipid peroxidation, leading to cell injury and/or cell death...

..The increased ability of BpT-Fe complexes to catalyze ascorbate oxidation and benzoate hydroxylation, relative to their DpT and NBpT analogues, suggested that redox cycling plays an important role in their antiproliferative activity...

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..Both mats and the sediments underneath them hosted very diverse microbial communities and contained mineral precipitates, most likely due to differences in fluid flow patterns...

..The fact that a ferryl intermediate does not accumulate in HO underscores the determining role played by protein structure in controlling the reactivity of reaction intermediates...

..The rates were also affected by the redox reaction free energy when reductive dissolution approached equilibrium. This study demonstrated the importance of the geochemical variables for the reductive dissolution kinetics of iron oxides...

..Moreover, the binding behavior of cyanide to the Fe(III) complexes of the Arg mutant proteins was similar to that of O2, which is evident from the Kd values, suggestive of electrostatic interactions between cyanide and Arg97...

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..Ferrous iron was shown to be able to directly reduce some quinones without the reduction of oxygen. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the complexity of iron chemistry, especially the chelation of iron and its subsequent reactivity...

..The unique interactions of Fe(II) with iron(III) oxides would be environmentally important to understand the fate of redox-sensitive chemicals...

..These results suggest that the active site of lambdaPP supports a high oxidation potential for both metal sites and may indicate an equally oxidizing active site for other member metallophosphoesterases...

..The number of binding sites per molecule of alginate has been estimated to be 66. This indicates that the alginate can bind more number of Fe(III) ions and thus provide a stable complex which can find wide industrial applications...

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..The resultant true shifts were analyzed in a two-state hopping model. The diferric complex 3 is antiferromagnetically coupled with J = 90 +/- 15 cm(-)(1), estimated from a variable-temperature Mössbauer analysis...

..05 microm) against predictions by surface complexation modeling of As on amorphous Fe(III) oxides argue that arsenic sorbed on Fe(III) oxides was the major As species present in this lake's hypolimnion throughout several months of anoxia...

..Additional complexation titrations, pH ranging from 1 to 7, confirm a weak complexation reaction occurring between Fe(III) and nicotine...

..Immobilization of glucose oxidase on the nanoparticles also increased the stability of the enzyme. When stored at 4 degrees C the nanoparticle suspensions maintained their bioactivity for up to 3 months...

..In the case of thick green rust particles resulting from the corrosion of iron in permeable reactive barriers, the quantity of FeII readily accessible for efficient CrVI removal should be rather low...

..8. The formal redox potential of the His/H(2)O complex of cytochrome c in 9 M urea at pH 3 was estimated to be -0.13 V, ca. 100 mV more positive than E degrees ' estimated for the bis-His complex of cytochrome c in urea solution at pH 7...

..Together these data show that Cp stimulates iron release from macrophages under hypoxic conditions by a ferroxidase-dependent mechanism, possibly involving generation of a negative iron gradient...

..The mole fraction of Fe(III) in the Cr(x),Fe(1-x)(OH)3 x nH2O reaction product ranged from 17% to 68%, leading to a highly stabilized (low solubility) phase...

..Using the ferrous form of iron and maintaining it in its reduced form by lowering pH, removing oxygen, and including reducing agents, it was possible to fortify foods with highly bioavailable iron...

..The implications of these changes are then discussed in light of the variable oxide studies...

..The model can also be considered as an expression for the erosion of microorganisms immobilized due to the agitation of the medium by aeration...

..The most important properties of the oxalate ligand in the UV/Fe oxalate/H2O2 process are that it forms Fe(III)-oxalato complexes that are easily photolysed and also is relatively unreactive with OH. radicals...

..Specific emphasis is placed on a discussion of in vitro kinetic and thermodynamic data that are relevant to elucidating possible in vivo mechanisms for environmental iron acquisition by microbial cells...

..Iron oxidation is inhibited by the presence of Zn(2+) ions. The patterns of phase 2 and phase 3 inhibition are different, though inhibition of both phases is complete at 48 Zn(2+)per 24mer, i.e., 2 Zn(2+) per ferroxidase center...

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..The ubiquitous presence of ferrihydrite suggests that the use of Fe0-PRBs may be extended to applications that require contaminant adsorption rather than, or in addition to, redox-promoted contaminant degradation...

..In contrast, the assembled protein has ferroxidase activity and detoxifies redox-active iron by sequestering it in a protein-protected compartment...

..High levels of H2O2 appear to reduce dye decolorization. In addition, it is also found that decolorization of azo dyes undergoes a faster reaction rate than mineralization of azo dyes...

..The pro-chelate approach of BSIH represents a promising strategy for chelating a specific pool of detrimental metal ions without disturbing healthy metal ion distribution...

..7 and 11.4 mg/l, respectively). The biodegradability, as expressed by the BOD/COD ratio, increases significantly from an initial value of 0.11-0.55 for the Fenton-like and to 0.72 for the photo-Fenton-like processes...

..Residual TOC by applied Fenton type processes ranged between 60.2 and 44.7%, while the efficiency of those processes was significantly enhanced in the presence of UV light, where residual TOC ranged between 15.2 and 2.4%...

..An emphasis will be placed on kinetic and mechanistic studies to elucidate the putitive reaction pathways of CcO and NOR. ..

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..Evaluation of such strategies will improve BP control in hemodialysis patients and, in the long-term, provide cardiovascular protection. ..

..We hypothesize that that volume control can improve BP and antihypertensive therapy can regress left ventricular hypertrophy in long-term hemodialysis patients. ..

..Novelty and Health Relatedness of the Project: This proposal will provide translational data on the role of intravenous iron to progression of kidney disease in patients with CKD. ..

..An expected finding that IV iron reduces the brain iron insufficiency and dramatically reduces the RLS symptoms strongly supports our model of RLS caused by brain iron insufficiency. ..

..The authors would also explore relationships between iron and CSF measures of dopaminergic activities, which could provide the basis for entirely new research and treatment approaches to RLS. ..

..Using CSF and MRI measurements of iron will assess the CNS iron status. RLS severity will be based on subjective (rating scale and diary) and objective (PSG) measurements. ..

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..Furthermore, the establishment of an age-associated model of vein grafting will permit age-specific evaluation of new therapeutic avenues for inhibiting neointimal formation. ..

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..This imaging methodology may have a capacity for future adaptation to clinical thrombosis imaging. ..

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..The role of distal steric effects and of H-bonding will be explored. The NO binding has relevance to many medical problems related to activation by the gaseous hormone, NO. Examples include vasodilation and neurotransmission. ..

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..Potential reasons for these differences will be assessed, with the ultimate goal of defining the safest way of administering parenteral irons to renal disease patients. ..

..The role that the copper ion (CuB) and a phenolic group, in the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr244) play in the catalytic function of CcO are of particular interest. ..

..To date, synthetic models for oxymyoglobin, deoxymyoglobin, and three states of cytochrome P-450 have been characterized. The vibrational frequency for coordinated dioxygen has been measured in both iron and cobalt porphyrin complexes...

..This will allow potentially life-threatening diseases, such as increased pressure in the liver, to be diagnosed early. ..

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..As the MCs are composed of clinical grade and FDA-approved materials, this MR-guided approach will be readily translatable to human diabetic clinical trials for further improvements of islet cell transplantation. ..

..the molecular mechanisms that mediate heme regulation of ALAS-1 and HO-1 are similar in avian, human, and murine hepatocytes in culture or in intact organisms. ..

..If this new technique is developed successfully, it will help us to understand much better where the cells exactly go into the brain and elsewhere in the body, which will facilitate introducing these stem cells into patients. ..

..The role that the copper ion (CuB) and a phenolic group, in the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr244) play in the catalytic function of CcO are of particular interest. ..

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..the molecular mechanisms that mediate heme regulation of ALAS-1 and HO-1 are similar in avian, human, and murine hepatocytes in culture or in intact organisms. ..

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..The role that the copper ion (CuB) and a phenolic group, in the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr-244) play in the catalytic function of CcO are of particular interest. ..

..These tools will have widespread applicability to flavoproteins. ..

..The outcome of the workshop will be published in Experimental Neurology and available for the scientific community at large. ..