molybdenum

b>Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plants, serving as a cofactor for enzymes involved in nitrate assimilation, sulfite detoxification, abscisic acid biosynthesis, and purine degradation...

..Sequence analysis suggested association of molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide with CoxL and of the [2Fe-2S] clusters with CoxS...

..2.5-2.0 Ga). It has been suggested that the iron (Fe)- or vanadium (V)-dependent nitrogenase rather than molybdenum (Mo)-dependent form was responsible for dinitrogen fixation during this time because oceans were depleted in Mo ..

..We conclude that A. vinelandii is well adapted to fix nitrogen in metal-limited soil environments...

..We conclude that obesity is not associated with significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme status in gestational diabetes and only with relatively minor alterations in status of some essential trace elements...

The iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co), located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase, is one of the most complex metal cofactors known to date...

Plants represent an important source of molybdenum in the human diet. Recently, MOT1 has been identified as a transport protein responsible for molybdate import in Arabidopsis thaliana L...

..Our results identify the copper transporter as a therapeutic target, which can be manipulated with copper chelating drugs to selectively enhance the benefits of platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents...

We studied the effects of molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten on the diazotrophic growth of Methanococcus maripaludis. Mo stimulated growth, with a maximal response at 4.0 microM, while V had no effect at any concentration tested...

..Qor is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylases...

..The upstream ModE regulatory site functions to override nitrate control of napF gene expression when the essential enzyme component, molybdate, is limiting in the cell environment...

Mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten are found in the active site of a diverse group of enzymes that, in general, catalyze oxygen atom transfer reactions...

..thermoautotrophicum have been shown to contain two isoenzymes, a tungsten-containing isoenzyme (Fwd) and a molybdenum-containing isoenzyme (Fmd)...

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This study aimed at determining the uptake and elimination kinetics of molybdenum in the earthworm Eisenia andrei, and the influence of soil properties on molybdenum bioaccumulation...

..70 A. Each Cu is coordinated to 3-4 sulfurs at 2.28 A with approximately one Mo neighbor at 2.70 A. These results indicate the formation of a biologically novel molybdenum-copper-sulfur cluster.

..study shows that liver, pancreas and skin are mainly affected by a long term deficiency of copper and the findings are complicated by molybdenum application while chromium deficiency produced no histomorphological effects in our study.

..japonicum modA mutant grown in a medium without molybdate supplementation. These findings indicate that transcription of the B. japonicum modABC genes is repressed by molybdate...

..The moeAB operon provides one of a large number of genes responsible for biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor...

..Most recently, it has been found that TM has antifibrotic and antiinflammatory effects through inhibition of profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokines...

..TTM is predicted to most likely find a niche in the therapy of Wilson disease, for which current treatment options are limited...

..Excess molybdenum (Mo) retention (P<0...

..This study tests the hypothesis that TM can modulate antioxidants in tumor cells and render doxorubicin resistant tumor cells sensitive to doxorubicin...

..Taken together, our results suggest nifurtimox and TM act synergistically in medulloblastoma cells in vitro, and that this combination warrants further studies as a new treatment for medulloblastoma...

..of ammonia being produced with the catalyst (12 equiv. of ammonia are produced based on the molybdenum atom of the catalyst)...

..In such approach, aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, mercury, cadmium and lead were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in serum and ..

b>Molybdenum (Mo) is a micronutrient essential for plant growth, as several key enzymes of plant metabolic pathways contain Mo cofactor in their catalytic centres...

..In the long-term, stability of (99)Mo supply will rely on a combination of replacing conventional reactors and developing new technologies...

Dinitrogen (N2) was reduced to ammonia at room temperature and 1 atmosphere with molybdenum catalysts that contain tetradentate [HIPTN3N]3- triamidoamine ligands (such as [HIPTN3N]Mo(N2), where [HIPTN3N]3- is [(3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)..

..However, very little is known about the effect of TM on tumor cell function and tumor metastasis. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying TM-mediated inhibition of tumor metastasis...

..In 2008, S, sulfate, selenium (Se), and molybdenum (Mo) concentrations and sulfate transporter gene expression were analyzed throughout development...

..The new catalysts have a stereogenic metal centre and carry only monodentate ligands; the molybdenum-based complexes are prepared stereoselectively by a ligand exchange process involving an enantiomerically pure ..

The effect of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) on the growth of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and Methanospirillum hungatei was studied in syntrophic cultures and the pure cultures of both the organisms...

..dmsA'-lacZ expression was also altered in chlD strains that are defective in molybdenum transport but not in chlA and chlE strains that are defective in molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis, thus ..

Initial investigations into the possible role of homocitric acid in iron molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase lead us to isolate and characterize two tetrameric molybdate(VI) species...

..To explore associations between exposure to metals and male reproductive hormone levels...

..An electroanalytical tungsten determination has successfully been adapted to determine the tungsten and molybdenum content in enzymes...

The crystal structure of the xanthine oxidase-related molybdenum-iron protein aldehyde oxido-reductase from the sulfate reducing anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas (Mop) was analyzed in its desulfo-, sulfo-, oxidized, ..

..putida KT2440 clone. The amino acid sequences of Qor show significant homology to various prokaryotic molybdenum containing hydroxylases and to eukaryotic xanthine dehydrogenases...

We have previously shown that Escherichia coli MoeA and MogA are required in vivo for the final step of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, the addition of the molybdenum atom to the dithiolene of molybdopterin...

..The protection afforded by TM was also reflected in significantly reduced bleomycin-induced body-weight loss. In the next phase of this work, we will seek to determine the mechanisms by which TM brings about this therapeutic benefit...

..Although NifH contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster, the NifDK component carries two complex metalloclusters, the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) and the [8Fe-7S] P-cluster...

The molybdenum cofactor sulfurase ABA3 from Arabidopsis thaliana specifically regulates the activity of the molybdenum enzymes aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase by converting their molybdenum cofactor from the desulfo-form into ..

..This ligand could be the Se of a selenocysteine residue, sulfur of a cysteine residue, or, in the case of a serine residue, oxygen...

..Fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and molybdenum quantification based on inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICPES) clearly indicate that, in the ..

..In this review we give an account of the related spectroscopic information and the crystallographic results, with emphasis on structure-function studies...

Molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (MGD) is the form of the molybdenum cofactor that is required for the activity of most bacterial molybdoenzymes...

..direct evidence that the organic acid citrate is not just present, but replaces homocitrate as a ligand to the molybdenum atom of the iron molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco)...

..Our study suggests that a major mechanism of the antiangiogenic effect of copper deficiency induced by TM is suppression of NFkappaB, contributing to a global inhibition of NFkappaB-mediated transcription of proangiogenic factors...

We have identified a highly conserved RNA motif located upstream of genes encoding molybdate transporters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis enzymes, and proteins that utilize Moco as a coenzyme...

..g., zinc, copper) and nonessential (e.g., cadmium, lead), is inconsistent. Most studies to date used small sample sizes and were unable to account for important covariates...

b>Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient required by plants. The mechanism of molybdenum uptake in plants is poorly understood, however, evidence has suggested that sulfate transporters may be involved...

Polyoxometalates are negatively charged inorganic compounds which contain metal ions such as tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium etc. and which make clusters with the surrounding oxygen atoms. [NH3Pri]6[Mo7O24]...

..4 +/- 14.3% greater than that in doxorubicin-treated mice. These results suggest that TM may enhance the rate of pathological complete response when used in combination with an anthracycline in neoadjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma...

..Polyoxomolybdates provide promising, novel anti-tumor agent, especially for the treatment of cancers that are difficult to treat...

..Tetrathiomolybdate (TM), a copper-lowering agent, has been shown in preclinical murine tumor models to be antiangiogenic. We evaluated the antitumor activity of TM in patients with advanced kidney cancer in a Phase II trial...

..Thus, both SOD activity measurements and levels of EPCs may be useful biomarkers of the antiangiogenic activity of ATN-224 to be used in its clinical development...

..We have successfully substituted the molybdenum with tungsten and obtained an active tungsto-TMAO reductase...

..These results show that molybdate, after transport into cells by the ModABC proteins, is metabolized (activated?) by the products of the mol gene(s)...

..contains a labile selenium cofactor and belongs to a class of enzymes known as the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The presence of approximately 1.1 mol of molybdenum, 0.87 mol of selenium, and 3...

In an attempt to define a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for molybdenum based on a toxicological risk analysis approach, a large literature survey was conducted...

..A "dithiolate-folding-effect" involving an interaction of metal and sulfur orbitals is demonstrated in complexes with arene- and enedithiolates. This effect is not observed for the alkanedithiolate in complex 3...

The molybdenum hydroxylases catalyze the oxidation of numerous aromatic heterocycles and simple organics and, unlike other hydroxylases, utilize water as the source of oxygen incorporated into the product...

..b>Molybdenum cofactor insertion is a tightly controlled process that involves specific interactions between the proteins that ..

..Dietary copper supplementation prevented the adverse sperm effects produced by 12 mg/kg/day of TTM...

Unlike monooxygenases, molybdenum-containing hydroxylases catalyze the hydroxylation of carbon centers using oxygen derived ultimately from water, rather than O(2), as the source of the oxygen atom incorporated into the product, and do ..

..is an analogue of the active site of dissimilatory nitrate reductase which in the reduced state contains a molybdenum atom bound by two pyranopterindithiolene ligands and a cysteinate residue...

The NifEN protein complex serves as a molecular scaffold where some of the steps for the assembly of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase take place...

..coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while other dinitrogen-fixing organisms appear to have a molybdenum storage protein...

The importance of molybdenum for plant growth is disproportionate with respect to the absolute amounts required by most plants...

b>Molybdenum is the only second-row transition metal that is required by most living organisms, and the few species that do not require molybdenum use tungsten, which lies immediately below molybdenum in the periodic table...

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..Accumulation of molybdenum in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles was also observed...

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is of essential importance for (nearly) all biological systems as it is required by enzymes catalyzing diverse key reactions in the global carbon, sulfur and nitrogen metabolism...

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plants where it is needed as a catalytically active metal during enzyme catalysis...

The molybdenum cofactor is part of the active site of all molybdenum-dependent enzymes, except nitrogenase. The molybdenum cofactor consists of molybdopterin, a phosphorylated pyranopterin, with an ene-dithiolate coordinating molybdenum...

..They should participate in the biosynthesis of the pterin cofactor that is present in molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes except nitrogenase.

..Taken together, these results show that tetrathiomolybdate can act long-term as a suppressor of vascularity and inhibit the growth of metastasis in this model of HNSCC...

..in selenouridine-modified tRNAs, in proteins translated with selenocysteine, and in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases (SDMH). The first two uses both require the selenophosphate synthetase gene, selD...

..comparison revealed homologies between gephyrin and proteins necessary for the biosynthesis of the universal molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)...

..The electrochemical degradation of pulp and paper mill wastewater catalyzed by molybdenum and phosphate (Mo-P) modified kaolin with graphite as anode and cathode was investigated...

..6 mmolkg(-1) by oral gavage in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats within 72 h of administration of compound...

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) metal-on-metal hip prosthesis has had a revival due to their excellent wear properties...

..Promising results in vitro, in pre-clinical animal models and in an early (phase I) clinical trial have led to ongoing phase II evaluation of TM in patients with advanced cancers...

b>Molybdenum- or tungsten-containing enzymes catalyze oxygen atom transfer reactions involved in carbon, sulfur, or nitrogen metabolism...

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a highly conserved pterin compound coordinating molybdenum (Mo), is required for the activity of all Mo-dependent enzymes with the exception of nitrogenase...

..As serum glucose levels were also significantly diminished by vanadium+melatonin treatment of diabetic animals, the combination therapy of vanadium compounds and melatonin needs a careful evaluation...

..Although the role of the narK gene product in cell metabolism remains uncertain, the pattern of narK gene expression is consistent with a proposed role of NarK in nitrate uptake by the cell for nitrate-linked electron transport...

..The authors speculate that the copper level is a primitive angiogenesis and growth-signaling regulator that has been retained throughout evolution...

..2THF is reported, on the basis of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. These compounds provide insight into the expected properties of related dimetalated polythiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds...

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..For the one with two ferrocenyl units, a lower reduction potential and a two-electron oxidation wave are observed, indicating negligible electronic interactions between the two ferrocenyl units...

..The catalytic activity of complexes 4-9 for oxidation of styrene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide was tested. In all cases, benzaldehyde formed exclusively as the oxidation product...

..100 degrees C). The reactions of primary alcohols are faster compared to secondary alcohols and the catalyst 1 can be recycled without loss of activity...

..In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical properties of 1a, 2, 3a, and 4-7 in aniline were also investigated by using the Z-scan technique with a 4.5 ns pulse laser at 532 nm...

..oxygen radical generating enzyme, aldehyde oxidase (AO) and discovered unanticipated genetic complexity in this molybdenum hydroxylase family which includes xanthine oxidase (XO)...

..Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex, which consists of iron (Fe-) protein and molybdenum iron (MoFe-) protein...

..directed at a detailed understanding of biologically relevant cluster clusters containing iron, sulfur, and molybdenum, vanadium, or nickel, various types of which are found at all levels of life...

..The proposed research centers on the molybdenum-iron protein of nitrogenase...

..for the Fe/M/S centers in the nitrogenases and alternate nitrogenases that contain vanadium or iron in place of molybdenum. The new types of Fe/S clusters that will be synthesized are designed as models for the P-clusters of ..

..important SAM-dependent enzyme, the human MOCS1A, which catalyzes the initial steps in the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor, MoCo...

..Recent spectroscopic work on iron- molybdenum nitrogenase strongly suggests that the mechanism involves binding of N2 to iron, and involves iron-hydride ..

..The proposed research is centered on the iron-molybdenum cofactor, the putative N2-binding site of nitrogenase, to determine how nitrogenase is organized to effect ..

..At the active site of raj-encoded, molybdenum nitrogenase is the iron-molybdenum cofactor, FeMo-co...

..The metals are barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, mercury, molybdenum, and uranium...

..02-1 nM in surface seawater, whereas molybdenum and vanadium are the two most abundant transition metal ions at 100 nM and 20-35 nM, respectively...

..Research on more complex clusters, some of which contain heterometals such as molybdenum, vanadium, and nickel, is also emphasized...

..a complex metalloprotein composed of two separately purifiable protein components, the iron (Fe) protein and the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein, both of which containing metal cluster(s)...

Enzymes containing the molybdenum cofactor catalyze important reactions in the global sulfur, nitrogen and carbon cycles and are currently classified into four different families...

..During nitrogenase catalysis, the iron protein and molybdenum-iron protein associate and dissociate in a manner resulting in the hydrolysis of two molecules of MgATP and the ..

The relationship of molybdenum to health is far less well known by the general public than that of familiar essential metals iron, copper and zinc...

..proposed in this project are directed toward developing a detailed electronic structure description pyranopterin molybdenum active sites, and how their unique electronic structures relate to their mechanism of activity...