carbon

..Regardless of irrigation, CO(2) flux can be reduced from croplands to a level similar to that in CRP planting using no-tilled crops with or without N fertilization compared with other management practices...

Most bacteria can selectively use substrates from a mixture of different carbon sources...

The acquisition of cellular carbon from inorganic carbon is a prerequisite for life and marked the transition from the inorganic to the organic world...

..Genomic analyses reveal that multiple mechanisms exist for reverse electron transfer. Surprisingly, the flagellum functions were implicated in ensuring close physical proximity and synchronization of the syntrophic partners...

The recognition of carbon sources and the regulatory adjustments to recognized changes are of particular importance for bacterial survival in fluctuating environments...

b>Carbon nanotubes are man-made one-dimensional carbon crystals with different diameters and chiralities. Owing to their superb mechanical and electrical properties, many potential applications have been proposed for them...

..of the apicoplast and measured their substrate preferences using a novel cell-free assay system to explore the carbon and energy sources of the apicoplast...

..biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is described that uses a graphene sheet sensor platform and functionalized carbon nanospheres (CNSs) labeled with horseradish peroxidase-secondary antibodies (HRP-Ab2)...

..Gluconate appeared to be a major carbon source used by E. coli MG1655 to colonize, having an impact on both the initiation and maintenance stages...

..5) is now the particle measure of greatest health and regulatory concern. And little has been published on associations of hospital admissions and PM components...

The carbon and energy metabolisms of a variety of cultured chemolithoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal environments were characterized by both enzymatic and genetic analyses...

..The aim for this study was to identify genetic variants affecting arsenic metabolism...

In many bacteria glucose is the preferred carbon source and represses the utilization of secondary substrates...

..We aimed to examine whether associations of PM2.5 and black carbon with homocysteine were modified by genotypes including HFE H63D, C282Y, CAT (rs480575, rs1001179, rs2284367, and ..

..e. overflow metabolism which is harmful as it inhibits growth, diverts valuable carbon from biomass formation and is detrimental for target product synthesis...

..Thus, in S. mutans, serine-phosphorylated HPr functions in concert with particular PTS permeases to prioritize carbohydrate utilization by modulating sugar transport and transcription of catabolic operons...

The addition of iron to high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions induces phytoplankton blooms that take up carbon. Carbon export from the surface layer and, in particular, the ability of the ocean and sediments to sequester carbon for many ..

..Due to its importance, much research effort has been expended to understand how carbon and nitrogen metabolism are integrated and regulated according to the rates of photosynthesis, photorespiration, ..

Mitochondrial folate-dependent one-carbon (1-C) metabolism converts 1-C donors such as serine and glycine to formate, which is exported and incorporated into the cytoplasmic tetrahydrofolate (THF) 1-C pool...

Some of the Aspergilli are reputed for their versatile and efficient catabolism of soluble carbon sources and related metabolites as well as raw polymeric materials...

..One such wide-domain regulatory circuit, essential to all cells, is carbon catabolite repression (CCR): it allows the cell to prefer some carbon sources, whose assimilation is of high ..

..In vitro, Mtb is able to grow on a variety of carbon sources, but mounting evidence has implicated fatty acids as the major source of carbon and energy for Mtb during ..

..Properties of LP varied depending on the carbon source...

..We examined the association between particulate matter and cell adhesion molecules. We also investigated the modifying effect of genotype and phenotype variation to gain insight into the relevant biological pathways for this association...

Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- ..

..One of the possible applications is its use as carbon and energy source for microbial growth in industrial microbiology...

..In Bacillus subtilis and close relatives, global regulation of carbon catabolite control occurs on the binding of the complex of CcpA (catabolite control protein A) and P-Ser-HPr (..

..Chemoautotrophs are organisms that are able to fix inorganic carbon using a chemical energy obtained through the oxidation of reduced compounds...

The oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere since pre-industrial times, causing a measurable reduction in seawater pH and carbonate saturation...

..Here we investigate the usefulness of porous graphitic carbon columns coupled to ESI-MS for the separation of N-glycans with two or more sialic acids...

..Unexpectedly, the symbiont uses the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle in addition to the previously identified Calvin cycle for CO2 fixation...

..PPDK and SUS-SH1 required SSIII, SSIIa, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb for assembly into the 670-kD complex. These complexes may function in global regulation of carbon partitioning between metabolic pathways in developing seeds.

..This strain has been reported to contain a truncated carbon catabolite repressor gene cre1 and is consequently carbon catabolite derepressed...

..These findings suggest that these genes, which provide an important part of the interaction of L. plantarum with its environment, form a lifestyle adaptation region in the chromosome...

Nitrogen (N) effects on ecosystem carbon (C) budgets are critical to understand as C sequestration is considered as a mechanism to offset anthropogenic CO(2) emissions...

..Indeed, isotopic analyses of marine crenarchaeal lipids suggest that these planktonic Archaea fix inorganic carbon. Here we report the isolation of a marine crenarchaeote that grows chemolithoautotrophically by aerobically ..

..and O(3)] were selected to probe the surface of seven different types of combustion aerosol samples (amorphous carbon, flame soot) and three types of TiO(2) nanoparticles using heterogeneous, i.e. gas-surface reactions...

..tuberculosis genes involved in central and lipid metabolism revealed a re-routing of carbon flow associated with bacterial growth arrest during mouse lung infection...

The photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum assimilates CO(2) and organic carbon sources (acetate or pyruvate) during mixotrophic growth conditions through a unique carbon and energy metabolism...

..The present study was designed to characterize the cell death induced by carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o- cell line and primary cells) ..

..engineering to over-express/repress specific genes encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in the flow of carbon into seed oil has led to the development of transgenic lines with significant increases in seed oil content...

..Moreover, derepression of the nitrogenase complex, and the production of hydrogen gas, appears to be a common mechanism to balance the redox potential in RubisCO-compromised strains of NSP photosynthetic bacteria...

..together with measurement of gene expression and activity of key enzymes, to investigate changes in central carbon metabolism that occur in Escherichia coli in response to paraquat-induced superoxide stress...

..We have isolated and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, carbon starved anther (csa), that showed increased sugar contents in leaves and stems and reduced levels of sugars and ..

Some aquatic microbial oxygenic photoautotrophs (AMOPs) make hydrogen (H(2)), a carbon-neutral, renewable product derived from water, in low yields during autofermentation (anaerobic metabolism) of intracellular carbohydrates previously ..

..hexokinase) as selectable marker, a hexokinase-negative strain and D-mannitol, which is used as selective carbon source and osmotic stabilizer...

..We related prediagnostic plasma folate, vitamin B12, and total homocysteine concentrations, and the MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms, to the risk of colorectal cancer with and without the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)...

..and we propose that a large share of the world's unproductive lakes, within natural variations of organic carbon and nutrient input, are limited by light and not by nutrients...

..Some organic carbon sources, such as acetate and pyruvate, can be assimilated during the phototrophic growth of the GSBs, in the ..

Reflecting their exceptional potential to advance a range of biomedical, aeronautic, and other industrial products, carbon nanotube (CNT) production and the potential for human exposure to aerosolized CNTs are increasing...

..13 growing on defined medium with xylose or maltose as carbon substrate was carried out using 2-D gel electrophoresis/Maldi-ToF and nano-HPLC MS/MS.

..IRU1 in a batch culture system. Various batch experiments were carried out at different carbon source concentrations [glucose, at 1-8% (w/v)], phosphorus source concentrations [K(2)HPO(4), KH(2)PO(4), Na(3)PO(..

..and the modification of electron carriers, pigments, and existing and alternative modes of photosynthetic carbon fixation...

..As it is fastidious for several amino acids, optimization of processes which involve this organism requires a thorough understanding of its metabolic regulations during multisubstrate growth...

In the present work the central carbon metabolism of Dinoroseobacter shibae and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis was studied at the level of metabolic fluxes...

Intracellular parasites, such as Leishmania spp, must acquire suitable carbon sources from the host cell in order to replicate...

The degree to which rising atmospheric CO(2) will be offset by carbon (C) sequestration in forests depends in part on the capacity of trees and soil microbes to make physiological adjustments that can alleviate resource limitation...

Global terrestrial ecosystems absorbed carbon at a rate of 1-4 Pg yr(-1) during the 1980s and 1990s, offsetting 10-60 per cent of the fossil-fuel emissions...

..X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the cores inside the carbon shells of these NPs were preserved in their metallic states...

..investigate the role of surface area and oxidative stress in the cellular effects of two chemically distinct NPs, carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), on the bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-)...

..species, two amphipods and a bivalve, had different rates of incorporation and burial and different needs for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)...

Mechanisms that allow plants to cope with a recurrent surplus of carbon in conditions of imbalance between source and sink activity has not received much attention...

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..The overall decomposition measured as carbon mineralization, decomposition of different carbon constituents, and the dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and ..

Canes from Arundo donax, a herbaceous rapid-growing plant, were used as precursor for activated carbon preparation by phosphoric acid activation under a self-generated atmosphere...

..Modification of an activated carbon was performed using partial oxygen gasification, nitric acid treatment, urea impregnation followed by pyrolysis ..

..The change in environmental conditions has therefore influenced profoundly the carbon and nutrient biogeochemical processes and budgets in the semi-enclosed ecosystem.

Microporous carbon (MC) with a high surface area has been prepared from cornstalks through carbonization and KOH activation...

..The soil temperature, moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon/nitrogen ratio varied significantly throughout the year The fluctuations in ..

..The high concentrations of these chemicals probably result from agricultural runoff and urban sewage. In total, 55 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified from the Cekerek stream during this study period...

..viride and 48 h for A. oryzae and A. niger. Current results indicated that it could be feasible to develop a biotechnological treatment process integrated with FBP production from the winery waste streams...

b>Carbon nanocage, a three dimensional cage type mesoporous carbon with very high surface area and pore volume, has been functionalized with carboxyl groups for the first time via a simple oxidation using ammonium persulfate solution (APS)...

..The bioflocculant was also used to treat pulp effluent, and the removal rate of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were up to 99.9% and 72.1%, respectively, which were better than traditional chemical flocculants...

..Peat moss, compost, clinoptilolite, basalt and two types of activated carbon (DSR-A and F400) were investigated to determine the adsorption capacity for contaminants from leachate...

..This could be achieved by adding new easily biodegradable organic amendments to the contaminated masses after some months of composting, remixing and composting again for a minimum additional period of 2 months...

..demonstrated that the nitrite pathway could be repeatedly and reliably achieved, which significantly reduced the carbon requirement for nutrient removal...

..Prediction of long-term P sorption capacities for different WTRs may be achieved by taking into account the three proposed variables...

..showed that the major controlling factors for the distribution pattern of each metal are grain size and organic carbon (C(org)) content...

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..process, a number of parameters were monitored, such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, water-soluble carbon, water-soluble polyphenols, different forms of nitrogen (organic nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate) and humification ..

In this paper, soluble organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) were extracted from manure, and their adsorption characteristics in Argosols and Anthrosols in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province were investigated...

..6% phosphate, and 1.4% potassium with total coliforms below 3 MPN/100mL. Using the biological filter to remove NH3, the emission contains less than 1 ppm of NH3. This system proves to be effective and environmental friendly...

A carbon slurry, produced in generators of fuel-oil-based industrial generators was converted into an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of endosulfan and methoxychlor from aqueous solution...

..Soil was exposed to a range of ammonium nitrate concentrations over a 90-d period. Dose responses of carbon mineralization, nitrification, and phytotoxicity endpoints were estimated...

..Bacterial and fungal carbon usage (quantified using Biolog 96-well micro-plates) was related to soil moisture patterns (ranging between 3...

..e., moderately to not mobile, in contradiction with the actual groundwater situation in Brazil. This work stresses the need to evaluate and predict the risk associated with aquifer contamination by this widely used plant growth regulator...

..contaminants (SOCs) having different optimum adsorption pore regions, by four activated carbons and an activated carbon fiber (ACF) was examined...

..Quadratic equations obtained by the multi-regression analysis were also developed for quick estimation. The models were tested for real kitchen waste and the agreements between experimental and predicted results were fair...

..Although some nitrate leaching is occurring, total N losses are appreciably smaller than atmospheric inputs, so the catchment soils are currently accumulating between 3 and 4 g N m(-2) a(-1)...

..Herbicide sorption generally increased with increasing soil organic carbon content, but the extent of 2,4-D sorption per unit organic carbon varied among the soils due to differences in ..

To prepare biological activated carbon (BAC), raw surface water was circulated through granular activated carbon (GAC) beds...

..At the mean chronic nitrogen deposition rate of central Europe (17 kg Nha-1 year-1), there is a 23% species reduction compared with grasslands receiving the lowest levels of nitrogen deposition...

..003), and germination index (P(23) = 0.040) between 70% and 80%. Therefore, the optimum initial moisture content was less than 80% with the composting of swine manure and corncob by using the composting system...

..absorption in amorphous organic matter (AOM) and adsorption to carbonaceous materials such as black carbon (BC), coal, and kerogen, collectively termed "carbonaceous geosorbents" (CG)...

..An increase in sediment concentration decreases the bioavailable concentration of propiconazole; however, at the same time, this increases the turbidity, thereby inhibiting plant photosynthesis...

..Zinc decreased bacterial carbon biomass and caused a dose-response decrease of the respiration, but this was not observed in the presence of ..

The influence of the surface chemical groups of an activated carbon on the removal of different classes of dyes is evaluated...

..A 1-m(3) cage was used to study pile settlement and volume reduction. The results indicate that pretreatment by bulk composting could reduce by approximately 40% the total mass of waste hauled to landfill sites in developing countries...

..Thermal regeneration was carried out at 1123K using nitrogen (pyrolysis alone) or nitrogen and carbon dioxide (pyrolysis plus oxidation)...

..The complete thermodynamic data showed that the system is favored by exothermic enthalpies, negative Gibbs free energies and positive entropies...

..its coenzyme form pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), B6 plays essential roles in the acquisition and processing of one-carbon (1C) units by the glycine cleavage system and serine hydroxymethyltransferase, inter conversion and catabolism of ..

One-carbon metabolism is a critical pathway in cancer epigenetics because it directs the methylation of DNA and RNA and is involved in DNA synthesis and repair. There is no good systemic marker of one-carbon metabolism status...

One-carbon metabolism is a critical pathway in cancer epigenetics because it directs the methylation of DNA and RNA and is involved in DNA synthesis and repair. There is no good systemic marker of one-carbon metabolism status...

..These enzymes catalyze unusual elimination reactions with carbon leaving groups, and thus require chemical steps involving the leaving groups in order for the reactions to proceed...

..inorganic As (InAs) is methylated to methylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids via folate- dependent one-carbon metabolism. A reduced capacity to fully methylate As to DMA is associated with reduced urinary elimination of As...

..These include the clusters found in nitrogenase and nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, which catalyse the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia and the interconversion of carbon ..

Several new gold(I) catalyzed carbon-carbon formatting reactions are proposed. In general, these reactions involve activation of alkynes or allenes by coordination to cationic gold(I) complexes...

..inorganic As (InAs) is methylated to methylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids via folate- dependent one-carbon metabolism. A reduced capacity to fully methylate As to DMA is associated with reduced urinary elimination of As...

..PRK), this pathway functions in a purely biosynthetic mode, such that organisms gain the capacity to use carbon dioxide as the sole source of carbon...

..We also plan to study the allylation processes using new classes of ligands that are isoelectronic with those in the active catalyst. ..

..We also plan to study the allylation processes using new classes of ligands that are isoelectronic with those in the active catalyst. ..

..the patients that need them the most, and the global warming potential is 1300 times higher for HFA-134a than for carbon dioxide...

..Most non-carbon NP contain one or more toxicologically-active metals, including cadmium (Cd)...

..Most non-carbon NP contain one or more toxicologically-active metals, including cadmium (Cd)...

..the role of genetic variability and biomarkers in two specific pathways - inflammation and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism - in colorectal cancer etiology within a large cohort of women...

..the role of genetic variability and biomarkers in two specific pathways - inflammation and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism - in colorectal cancer etiology within a large cohort of women...

The gas, carbon monoxide (CO), is produced physiologically by catabolism of heme via heme oxygenase...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Transition metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and alkene metathesis have become some of the most extensively used reactions in the synthesis of ..

Transition metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and alkene metathesis have become some of the most extensively used reactions in the synthesis of important pharmaceutical agents and ..

Transition metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and alkene metathesis have become some of the most extensively used reactions in the synthesis of important pharmaceutical agents and ..

..this study will consider fullerene-based materials, comparing them with, (i) reference standards (TiO2 and carbon black); (ii) ultrafine particles obtained from an urban airshed (well characterized by in vitro toxicology studies)..

..R01 project focuses on the design of a novel class of nanomaterials for neurobiological applications based on carbon nanotube fibers (CNF)...

..R01 project focuses on the design of a novel class of nanomaterials for neurobiological applications based on carbon nanotube fibers (CNF)...

DESCRIPTION: One-carbon (Cl) metabolism consists of the generation of carbon units for use in cellular processes including DNA synthesis, regeneration of methionine (Met) from homocysteine (Hcy), and methylation of many biological ..

One of our long-term objectives in the nano-biotechnology area is to develop highly biocompatible carbon nanotube biological conjugates for targeted imaging, drug delivery and cancer therapy...

..Amperometry at a carbon-fiber microelectrode (with an applied potential sufficient to oxidize catecholamines) placed next to an isolated ..