cytosine deaminase

Summary

Summary: An enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of CYTOSINE resulting in the formation of URACIL. It can also act on 5-methylcytosine to form THYMIDINE.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Interactions of host APOBEC3 restriction factors with HIV-1 in vivo: implications for therapeutics
    John S Albin
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Expert Rev Mol Med 12:e4. 2010
  2. ncbi Lentiviral Vif degrades the APOBEC3Z3/APOBEC3H protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity
    Rebecca S LaRue
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, and Comparative and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Virol 84:8193-201. 2010
  3. ncbi Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression
    Gang Peng
    Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 4352, USA
    Blood 110:393-400. 2007
  4. ncbi A single amino acid in human APOBEC3F alters susceptibility to HIV-1 Vif
    John S Albin
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Biol Chem 285:40785-92. 2010
  5. ncbi Evolution and diversification of lamprey antigen receptors: evidence for involvement of an AID-APOBEC family cytosine deaminase
    Igor B Rogozin
    National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
    Nat Immunol 8:647-56. 2007
  6. ncbi Identification of specific determinants of human APOBEC3F, APOBEC3C, and APOBEC3DE and African green monkey APOBEC3F that interact with HIV-1 Vif
    Jessica L Smith
    Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702 1201, USA
    J Virol 84:12599-608. 2010
  7. ncbi Mechanisms of thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and cytosine deaminase/ 5-fluorocytosine suicide gene therapy-induced cell death in glioma cells
    Ute Fischer
    Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, , Germany
    Oncogene 24:1231-43. 2005
  8. ncbi Oncolytic virotherapy for ovarian carcinomatosis using a replication-selective vaccinia virus armed with a yeast cytosine deaminase gene
    S Chalikonda
    Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 15:115-25. 2008
  9. ncbi Defining APOBEC3 expression patterns in human tissues and hematopoietic cell subsets
    Fransje A Koning
    Department of Infectious Diseases, King s College London School of Medicine, United Kingdom
    J Virol 83:9474-85. 2009
  10. ncbi The range of human APOBEC3H sensitivity to lentiviral Vif proteins
    Melody M H Li
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    J Virol 84:88-95. 2010

Research Grants

  1. IMPROVING SUICIDE GENES FOR CANCER GENE THERAPY
    Margaret Black; Fiscal Year: 2004
  2. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry L Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. Enhancing Suicide Gene Therapy Through Mechanism-Based Approaches
    Donna S Shewach; Fiscal Year: 2010
  4. Immunoglobulin Somatic Mutation
    Ursula Storb; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2006
  6. Improved Suicide Gene Therapy for Hepatic Cancers
    William Ensminger; Fiscal Year: 2005
  7. Enhancing Suicide Gene Therapy Through Mechanism-Based Approaches
    Donna Shewach; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2009
  9. Immunoglobulin Somatic Mutation
    Ursula Storb; Fiscal Year: 2003
  10. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2009

Detail Information

Publications191 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Interactions of host APOBEC3 restriction factors with HIV-1 in vivo: implications for therapeutics
    John S Albin
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Expert Rev Mol Med 12:e4. 2010
    ..We also summarise, for the first time, current clinical data on the in vivo effects of APOBEC3 proteins, and survey strategies and progress towards developing therapeutics aimed at the APOBEC3-Vif axis...
  2. ncbi Lentiviral Vif degrades the APOBEC3Z3/APOBEC3H protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity
    Rebecca S LaRue
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, and Comparative and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Virol 84:8193-201. 2010
    ..Our results thereby suggest that the Vif-A3Z3 interaction is relevant to lentivirus biology...
  3. ncbi Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression
    Gang Peng
    Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 4352, USA
    Blood 110:393-400. 2007
    ..Differences in promiscuity of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs can be defined, at least partly, by disparities in APOBEC expression, with implications for enhancing cellular defenses against HIV-1...
  4. ncbi A single amino acid in human APOBEC3F alters susceptibility to HIV-1 Vif
    John S Albin
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Biol Chem 285:40785-92. 2010
    ..This structural clustering suggests that Vif may bind a conserved surface present in multiple APOBEC3 proteins...
  5. ncbi Evolution and diversification of lamprey antigen receptors: evidence for involvement of an AID-APOBEC family cytosine deaminase
    Igor B Rogozin
    National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
    Nat Immunol 8:647-56. 2007
    ..Vertebrate acquired immunity could have therefore originated from lymphocyte receptor diversification by an ancestral AID-like DNA cytosine deaminase.
  6. ncbi Identification of specific determinants of human APOBEC3F, APOBEC3C, and APOBEC3DE and African green monkey APOBEC3F that interact with HIV-1 Vif
    Jessica L Smith
    Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702 1201, USA
    J Virol 84:12599-608. 2010
    ....
  7. ncbi Mechanisms of thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and cytosine deaminase/ 5-fluorocytosine suicide gene therapy-induced cell death in glioma cells
    Ute Fischer
    Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, , Germany
    Oncogene 24:1231-43. 2005
    Suicide gene transfer using thymidine kinase (TK) and ganciclovir (GCV) treatment or the cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) system represents the most widely used approach for gene therapy of cancer...
  8. ncbi Oncolytic virotherapy for ovarian carcinomatosis using a replication-selective vaccinia virus armed with a yeast cytosine deaminase gene
    S Chalikonda
    Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 15:115-25. 2008
    ..In this study, we assessed the ability of a highly tumor-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus armed with a yeast cytosine deaminase gene to infect and lyse human and murine ovarian tumors both in vitro and in vivo...
  9. ncbi Defining APOBEC3 expression patterns in human tissues and hematopoietic cell subsets
    Fransje A Koning
    Department of Infectious Diseases, King s College London School of Medicine, United Kingdom
    J Virol 83:9474-85. 2009
    ..Given that A3A does not affect HIV-1 infection, these observations imply that this protein may participate in early antiviral innate immune responses...
  10. ncbi The range of human APOBEC3H sensitivity to lentiviral Vif proteins
    Melody M H Li
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    J Virol 84:88-95. 2010
    ..These results demonstrate that human APOBEC3H is not as strong of a selective force for current HIV-1 infections as human APOBEC3G...
  11. ncbi Carcinoembryonic antigen-specific suicide gene therapy of cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine enhanced by the cre/loxP system in the orthotopic gastric carcinoma model
    K Ueda
    Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
    Cancer Res 61:6158-62. 2001
    ..In this study, the Cre/loxP system was first applied to augmentation of selective expression of the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene as a suicide gene therapy in CEA-producing cells...
  12. ncbi Cytotoxic effect of replication-competent adenoviral vectors carrying L-plastin promoter regulated E1A and cytosine deaminase genes in cancers of the breast, ovary and colon
    Hakan Akbulut
    Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
    Cancer Gene Ther 10:388-95. 2003
    ..the construction of a new conditionally replication-competent bicistronic adenoviral vector in which the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene and the E1a gene are driven by the L-plastin tumor-specific promoter (AdLpCDIRESE1a)...
  13. ncbi Combination of cytosine deaminase with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase leads to local and distant bystander effects against RM1 prostate cancer in mice
    Aparajita Khatri
    Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
    J Gene Med 8:1086-96. 2006
    We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT) using cytosine deaminase in combination with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CDUPRT) against intraprostatic mouse androgen-refractory prostate (RM1) ..
  14. ncbi Cytosine deaminase as a negative selection marker for gene disruption and replacement in the genus Streptomyces and other actinobacteria
    Marie Pierre Dubeau
    Centre d étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
    Appl Environ Microbiol 75:1211-4. 2009
    We developed a novel negative selection system for actinobacteria based on cytosine deaminase (CodA)...
  15. ncbi KDR promoter can transcriptionally target cytosine deaminase suicide gene to cancer cells of nonendothelial origin
    J Szary
    Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Oncology, , Gliwice, Poland
    Anticancer Res 21:3471-5. 2001
    ..KDR promoter-driven cytosine deaminase gene can be efficiently expressed in these cells leading to sensitization to 5-fluorocytosine, as ..
  16. ncbi Antitumor effects and radiosensitization of cytosine deaminase and thymidine kinase fusion suicide gene on colorectal carcinoma cells
    De Hua Wu
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
    World J Gastroenterol 11:3051-5. 2005
    ..To investigate the killing effect and radiosensitization of double suicide gene mediated by adenovirus on colorectal carcinoma cells...
  17. ncbi Human neural stem cells transduced with IFN-beta and cytosine deaminase genes intensify bystander effect in experimental glioma
    S Ito
    Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
    Cancer Gene Ther 17:299-306. 2010
    ..Human NSCs that were retrovirally transduced with cytosine deaminase (CD) gene showed remarkable 'bystander killer effect' on the glioma cells after application of the prodrug, ..
  18. ncbi APOBEC3H haplotypes and HIV-1 pro-viral vif DNA sequence diversity in early untreated human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection
    P A Gourraud
    Department of Neurology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
    Hum Immunol 72:207-12. 2011
    ..015 mixed effects model). This effect may be due to enhanced susceptibility of A3H forms to HIV-1 Vif mediated viral suppression of sequence editing activity, slowing viral diversification and escape from immune responses...
  19. ncbi Differences in APOBEC3G expression in CD4+ T helper lymphocyte subtypes modulate HIV-1 infectivity
    Michael L Vetter
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
    PLoS Pathog 5:e1000292. 2009
    ....
  20. ncbi Negative selection using yeast cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase in Plasmodium falciparum for targeted gene deletion by double crossover recombination
    Alexander G Maier
    The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
    Mol Biochem Parasitol 150:118-21. 2006
  21. ncbi Intratumoral 5-fluorouracil produced by cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy is effective for experimental human glioblastomas
    C Ryan Miller
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
    Cancer Res 62:773-80. 2002
    ..Adenovirus (Ad) vector-mediated cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) gene therapy has the potential to overcome pharmacokinetic issues associated ..
  22. ncbi Optimization of tumor-targeted gene delivery by engineered attenuated Salmonella typhimurium
    Shaoping Mei
    Laboratory of Experimental Radiobiology LEO, U.Z. Gasthuisberg K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven
    Anticancer Res 22:3261-6. 2002
    ..MATERIALS AND METHODS: Attenuated Salmonella VNP20009 and VNP20047 (expressing cytosine deaminase) were systemically administered to tumor-bearing rats...
  23. ncbi Adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeting cytosine deaminase gene therapy enhances radiotherapy in tumour xenografts
    J Liu
    Department of Radiation Oncology and Image Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
    Br J Cancer 96:1871-8. 2007
    ..The aim of this study is to establish such a targeting strategy by applying a bacterial cytosine deaminase (BCD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) gene therapy system and to examine whether the strategy enhances the efficacy ..
  24. ncbi Non-invasive 19F MR spectroscopy of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil conversion by recombinant Salmonella in tumours
    T Dresselaers
    Biomedical NMR Unit, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Br J Cancer 89:1796-801. 2003
    ..to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after using an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain recombinant to provide cytosine deaminase (TAPET-CD). The (19)F MRS measurements were done on mice bearing the human colon tumour xenograft (HCT116)...
  25. ncbi APOBEC3F properties and hypermutation preferences indicate activity against HIV-1 in vivo
    Mark T Liddament
    University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, 321 Church St S E, 6 155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Curr Biol 14:1385-91. 2004
    ..Thus, APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G are likely to function alongside one another in the provision of an innate immune defense, with APOBEC3F functioning as the major contributor to HIV-1 hypermutation in vivo...
  26. ncbi Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) can target both DNA strands when the DNA is supercoiled
    Hong Ming Shen
    Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12997-3002. 2004
    ..During transcription the DNA sequences upstream of the elongating RNA polymerase are negatively supercoiled, and this transient change in DNA topology may allow AID to access both DNA strands...
  27. ncbi Retroviral restriction by APOBEC proteins
    Reuben S Harris
    University of Minnesota, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department, 321 Church Street South East, 6 155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 4:868-77. 2004
    ..This APOBEC abundance might help to tip the balance in favour of cellular defences...
  28. ncbi Inhibition of initiation of reverse transcription in HIV-1 by human APOBEC3F
    Yiliang Yang
    Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Virology 365:92-100. 2007
    ....
  29. ncbi Strong enhancement of recombinant cytosine deaminase activity in Bifidobacterium longum for tumor-targeting enzyme/prodrug therapy
    Yoshinori Hamaji
    Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:874-83. 2007
    ..In addition, B. longum transformed with the shuttle-plasmid encoding the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene expressed active CD, which deaminated the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the anticancer agent ..
  30. ncbi Class-switch recombination: interplay of transcription, DNA deamination and DNA repair
    Jayanta Chaudhuri
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Blood Research and Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 4:541-52. 2004
  31. ncbi Transduction of yeast cytosine deaminase mediated by HIV-1 Tat basic domain into tumor cells induces chemosensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine
    Hakjoo Lee
    Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and College of Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
    Exp Mol Med 36:43-51. 2004
    ..In an effort to develop more effective enzyme/prodrug systems, cell-permeable cytosine deaminase was produced by fusing yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) in frame with RKKRRQRRR domain of HIV-1 Tat which is ..
  32. ncbi Comparison of cellular ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with the APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G antiviral proteins
    Sarah Gallois-Montbrun
    Department of Infectious Diseases, King s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
    J Virol 82:5636-42. 2008
    ..Thus, we define a number of subtle differences between the RNPs associated with A3F and A3G and speculate that these contribute to functional differences that have been described for these proteins...
  33. ncbi Hypermutation of hepatitis B virus genomes by APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H
    Josef Kock
    Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
    J Gen Virol 89:1184-91. 2008
    ..These results indicate that APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H have the ability to edit HBV DNA and that each protein is likely to contribute to various degrees to the generation of modified genomes in human liver cells...
  34. ncbi Distinct domains within APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F interact with separate regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif
    Rebecca A Russell
    Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
    J Virol 83:1992-2003. 2009
    ..Pharmacological inhibition of either or both of these Vif-A3 interactions should prevent the degradation of the APOBEC3 proteins and could be used as a therapy against HIV-1...
  35. ncbi Fusion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vp22 to cytosine deaminase confers enhanced bystander effect and increased therapeutic benefit
    K C Lee
    Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
    Gene Ther 13:127-37. 2006
    ..The suicide gene cytosine deaminase (CD) and its substrate, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), have been extensively explored due to the inherent '..
  36. ncbi Evidence for editing of human papillomavirus DNA by APOBEC3 in benign and precancerous lesions
    Jean Pierre Vartanian
    Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue de Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
    Science 320:230-3. 2008
    ..Thus, stochastic or transient overexpression of APOBEC3 genes may expose the genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that could influence the development of tumors...
  37. ncbi Pilot trial of genetically modified, attenuated Salmonella expressing the E. coli cytosine deaminase gene in refractory cancer patients
    John Nemunaitis
    US Oncology, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, and Baylor University Medical Center, 3535 Wirth St, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 10:737-44. 2003
    ..coli cytosine deaminase gene...
  38. ncbi DNA polymerase eta is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination
    Ahmad Faili
    INSERM U373, Faculte de Medecine Necker Enfants Malades, Universite Paris V, France
    J Exp Med 199:265-70. 2004
    ....
  39. ncbi Microseed matrix screening to improve crystals of yeast cytosine deaminase
    Gregory C Ireton
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue North A3-023, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 60:601-5. 2004
    ..The structure of a crystal form of yeast cytosine deaminase produced by streak-seeding using a single condition for both nucleation and growth is compared with the ..
  40. ncbi Functions, structure, and read-through alternative splicing of feline APOBEC3 genes
    Carsten Munk
    Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
    Genome Biol 9:R48. 2008
    ..While primates encode seven of these genes (A3A to A3H), rodents carry only a single A3 gene...
  41. ncbi Identification of two distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif determinants critical for interactions with human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
    Rebecca A Russell
    HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute Frederick, P O Box B, Bldg 535, Rm 334, Frederick, MD 21702 1201, USA
    J Virol 81:8201-10. 2007
    ..Pharmacological interference with the Vif-A3G or Vif-A3F interactions could result in potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by the APOBEC3 proteins...
  42. ncbi Protein transduction with bacterial cytosine deaminase fused to the TLM intercellular transport motif induces profound chemosensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine in human hepatoma cells
    Annett Hillemann
    Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D 13353 Berlin, Germany
    J Hepatol 43:442-50. 2005
    ..This study investigates the application of protein based therapeutic suicide enzyme/prodrug approaches providing novel means for both safe and effective local therapeutic regimes in solid tumors...
  43. ncbi Antiviral potency of APOBEC proteins does not correlate with cytidine deamination
    Kate N Bishop
    Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, UK
    J Virol 80:8450-8. 2006
    ..In other words, the antiviral phenotype of APOBEC proteins correlates with their ability to prevent the accumulation of reverse transcripts and not with the induction of hypermutation...
  44. ncbi Antiretroviral activity and Vif sensitivity of rhesus macaque APOBEC3 proteins
    Cesar A Virgen
    Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
    J Virol 81:13932-7. 2007
    ..These findings suggest that multiple APOBEC3 proteins can contribute to primate lentivirus species tropism...
  45. ncbi Inhibition of alpharetrovirus replication by a range of human APOBEC3 proteins
    Heather L Wiegand
    Center for Virology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    J Virol 81:13694-9. 2007
    ..e., the base state of a naïve retrovirus is susceptibility to inhibition...
  46. ncbi Induction of antiviral cytidine deaminases does not explain the inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by interferons
    Stephanie Jost
    School of Life Sciences and Frontiers in Genetics National Center for Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne EPFL, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
    J Virol 81:10588-96. 2007
    ..We conclude that these cytidine deaminases are not essential effectors of IFN in its action against this pathogen...
  47. ncbi Cellular inhibitors of long interspersed element 1 and Alu retrotransposition
    Hal P Bogerd
    Center for Virology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:8780-5. 2006
    ..These data suggest that the APOBEC3 protein family may have evolved, at least in part, to defend the integrity of the human genome against endogenous retrotransposons...
  48. ncbi Interaction with 7SL RNA but not with HIV-1 genomic RNA or P bodies is required for APOBEC3F virion packaging
    Tao Wang
    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Mol Biol 375:1098-112. 2008
    ..Thus, in addition to its well-known function in SRPs, 7SL RNA, which is encapsidated into diverse retroviruses, also participates in the innate antiviral function of host cytidine deaminases...
  49. ncbi A zinc-binding region in Vif binds Cul5 and determines cullin selection
    Andrew Mehle
    Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Biol Chem 281:17259-65. 2006
    ..We propose that the HCCH zinc-binding motif facilitates Vif-Cul5 binding by playing a structural role in positioning hydrophobic residues for direct contact with Cul5...
  50. ncbi Adaptive evolution and antiviral activity of the conserved mammalian cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H
    Molly OhAinle
    Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, USA
    J Virol 80:3853-62. 2006
    ..The consequences of the lack of antiviral activity of human APOBEC3H are likely to be relevant to the current-day abilities of humans to combat retroviral challenges...
  51. ncbi Dual inhibitory effects of APOBEC family proteins on retrotransposition of mammalian endogenous retroviruses
    Cécile Esnault
    Unité des rétrovirus endogènes et éléments rétroïdes des eucaryotes supérieurs, CNRS UMR 8122 Institut, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
    Nucleic Acids Res 34:1522-31. 2006
    We demonstrated previously that the cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G inhibits retrotransposition of two active murine endogenous retroviruses, namely intracisternal A-particles (IAP) and MusD, in an ex vivo assay where retrotransposition was ..
  52. ncbi APOBEC3G/3F mediates intrinsic resistance of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to HIV-1 infection
    Marjorie Pion
    Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
    J Exp Med 203:2887-93. 2006
    ..An increase in the A3G/3F-mediated intrinsic resistance of iDCs could result in a block of HIV infection at its mucosal point of entry...
  53. ncbi APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G mRNA levels do not correlate with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma viremia or CD4+ T-cell count
    Soo-Jin Cho
    Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Box 8124, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
    J Virol 80:2069-72. 2006
    ..003). However, we found no correlation in the abundance of either hA3F or hA3G mRNA with either viral load or CD4 counts in HIV-infected subjects...
  54. ncbi Hypoxia-induced cytosine deaminase gene expression for cancer therapy
    Che Hsin Lee
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Taiwan
    Hum Gene Ther 18:27-38. 2007
    ..targeted gene therapy of cancer, we constructed retroviral vectors harboring luciferase or Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) genes under the control of the hypoxia-inducible promoter...
  55. ncbi APOBEC4, a new member of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases predicted by computational analysis
    Igor B Rogozin
    National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
    Cell Cycle 4:1281-5. 2005
    ..In mammals, APOBEC4 is expressed primarily in testis which suggests the possibility that it is an editing enzyme for mRNAs involved in spermatogenesis...
  56. ncbi APOBEC-mediated interference with hepadnavirus production
    Christine Rösler
    Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Germany
    Hepatology 42:301-9. 2005
    ..In contrast to HIV and other retroviruses, however, APOBEC3G/3F-mediated editing of nucleic acids does not seem to represent an effective innate defense mechanism for hepadnaviruses...
  57. ncbi Regulation of Apobec3F and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif by Vif-Cul5-ElonB/C E3 ubiquitin ligase
    Bindong Liu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Virol 79:9579-87. 2005
    ..Developing inhibitors to disrupt the interaction between Vif and Cul5-E3 ligase could be therapeutically useful, allowing multiple host antiviral factors to suppress HIV-1...
  58. ncbi Human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H restricts HIV-1 replication
    Ying Dang
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 4320, USA
    J Biol Chem 283:11606-14. 2008
    ..Thus, A3H inhibits HIV-1 replication potently by a cytidine deamination-independent mechanism, and optimizing A3H expression in vivo should represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HIV-1 treatment...
  59. ncbi Differential sensitivity of murine leukemia virus to APOBEC3-mediated inhibition is governed by virion exclusion
    Brian P Doehle
    Duke University Medical Center, Box 3025, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    J Virol 79:8201-7. 2005
    ..Moreover, these results suggest that APOBEC3 proteins may help prevent the zoonotic infection of humans by simple retroviruses and provide a mechanism for how simple retroviruses can avoid inhibition by APOBEC3 family members...
  60. ncbi Twin gradients in APOBEC3 edited HIV-1 DNA reflect the dynamics of lentiviral replication
    Rodolphe Suspène
    Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, CNRS URA1930, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
    Nucleic Acids Res 34:4677-84. 2006
    ..The degree of hypermutation varied smoothly among genomes indicating that the number of APOBEC3 molecules packaged varied considerably...
  61. ncbi Sole copy of Z2-type human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H has inhibitory activity against retrotransposons and HIV-1
    Lindi Tan
    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    FASEB J 23:279-87. 2009
    ....
  62. ncbi Pyrimidine, purine and nitrogen control of cytosine deaminase synthesis in Escherichia coli K 12. Involvement of the glnLG and purR genes in the regulation of codA expression
    L Andersen
    University of Copenhagen, Institute of Biological Chemistry B, Denmark
    Arch Microbiol 152:115-8. 1989
    b>Cytosine deaminase, encoded by the codA gene in Escherichia coli catalyzes the deamination of cytosine to uracil and ammonia. Regulation of codA expression was studied by determining the level of cytosine deaminase in E...
  63. ncbi Specific targeting of cytosine deaminase to solid tumors by engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum
    J Theys
    Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
    Cancer Gene Ther 8:294-7. 2001
    ..In this context the apathogenic C. acetobutylicum was genetically engineered to express and secrete E. coli cytosine deaminase (CDase)...
  64. ncbi Targeted cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyl transferase suicide gene therapy induces small cell lung cancer-specific cytotoxicity and tumor growth delay
    Camilla L Christensen
    Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Clin Cancer Res 16:2308-19. 2010
    ..the therapeutic effect of transcriptionally targeted suicide gene therapy for SCLC based on the yeast cytosine deaminase (YCD) gene alone or fused with the yeast uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (YUPRT) gene followed by ..
  65. ncbi Multimodality therapy with a replication-conditional herpes simplex virus 1 mutant that expresses yeast cytosine deaminase for intratumoral conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil
    H Nakamura
    Division of Surgical Oncology and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Cancer Res 61:5447-52. 2001
    ..was engineered such that the viral ribonucleotide reductase gene is disrupted by sequences encoding yeast cytosine deaminase, which efficiently metabolizes the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)...
  66. ncbi Cytosine deaminase expressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediated tumour regression in melanoma bearing mice
    Lucia Kucerova
    Laboratories of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
    J Gene Med 10:1071-82. 2008
    ..Yeast fusion cytosine deaminase : uracil phosphoribosyltransferase expressing AT-MSC (CD y-AT-MSC) combined with systemic 5-fluorocytosine (..
  67. ncbi Polymorphisms and splice variants influence the antiretroviral activity of human APOBEC3H
    Ariana Harari
    Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1090, New York City, NY 10029, USA
    J Virol 83:295-303. 2009
    ..Since prevalence of hapII-RDD is high in populations of African descent, these findings raise the possibility that some individuals may harbor effective as well as HIV-1 Vif-resistant intracellular antiviral defense mechanisms...
  68. ncbi The potential of 5-fluorocytosine/cytosine deaminase enzyme prodrug gene therapy in an intrahepatic colon cancer model
    M K Nyati
    Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0010, USA
    Gene Ther 9:844-9. 2002
    ..study was to develop a noninvasive intrahepatic tumor model to study the efficacy of 5-flucytosine/yeast cytosine deaminase (5FC/yCD)-based gene therapy for liver tumors...
  69. ncbi [Combined gene therapy for murine liver cancer with interleukin-18 and cytosine deaminase genes]
    W Sun
    Research Center for Human Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China
    Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 9:300-2. 2001
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Combined gene therapy with IL-18 and CD/5FC can reduce the tumor volume and elicit the antitumor immunity of the host, which is superior to the single gene therapy for murine liver cancer...
  70. ncbi In vivo gene therapy for colon cancer using adenovirus-mediated, transfer of the fusion gene cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase
    G A Chung-Faye
    CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
    Gene Ther 8:1547-54. 2001
    Virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT) utilising cytosine deaminase (CD) converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and has entered into a clinical trial for metastatic colon cancer...
  71. ncbi Specific CEA-producing colorectal carcinoma cell killing with recombinant adenoviral vector containing cytosine deaminase gene
    Li-Zong Shen
    Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
    World J Gastroenterol 8:270-5. 2002
    AIM: To kill CEA positive colorectal carcinoma cells specifically using the E coli cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene, a new replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector was constructed in which CD gene was controlled under CEA ..
  72. ncbi Quantitation of cytosine deaminase mRNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: a sensitive method for assessing 5-fluorocytosine toxicity in vitro
    C Ryan Miller
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Anal Biochem 301:189-99. 2002
    b>Cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) is a promising strategy for local cancer gene therapy...
  73. ncbi Development of a hypoxia-inducible cytosine deaminase expression vector for gene-directed prodrug cancer therapy
    Dongfang Wang
    Brain Tumor Research Center of the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0520, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 12:276-83. 2005
    ..selectively killing tumor cells in a hypoxic microenvironment using a gene therapy approach, we developed a cytosine deaminase (CD) gene construct (pH9YCD2) that contains an HRE gene enhancer...
  74. ncbi Delta24-hyCD adenovirus suppresses glioma growth in vivo by combining oncolysis and chemosensitization
    Charles Conrad
    Department of Neuro Oncology, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 4009, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 12:284-94. 2005
    ..Delta24 (Delta24-hyCD) engineered to express a humanized form of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosine deaminase gene (hyCD)...
  75. ncbi Gene transfer into human prostate adenocarcinoma cells with an adenoviral vector: Hyperthermia enhances a double suicide gene expression, cytotoxicity and radiotoxicity
    Yong J Lee
    Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 9:267-74. 2002
    We have previously developed a recombinant adenovirus containing a fusion gene of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) controlled by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer-promoter...
  76. ncbi Suicide gene therapy with an adenovirus expressing the fusion gene CD::UPRT in human glioblastomas: different sensitivities correlate with p53 status
    Denis Bourbeau
    , Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, , QC, Canada H4P 2R2
    J Gene Med 6:1320-32. 2004
    ..In this work, we aimed at better understanding variables that affect the cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CD::UPRT)-based strategy in two human glioblastomas...
  77. ncbi The use of 19F spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI to evaluate differences in gene-dependent enzyme prodrug therapies
    Daniel A Hamstra
    Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109 0582, USA
    Mol Ther 10:916-28. 2004
    ..a gene-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), a bifunctional fusion gene between Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosine deaminase (CD) and Haemophilus influenzae uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) was constructed...
  78. ncbi Anticancer efficacy of systemically delivered anaerobic bacteria as gene therapy vectors targeting tumor hypoxia/necrosis
    S C Liu
    Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5152, USA
    Gene Ther 9:291-6. 2002
    ..sporogenes, a clostridial strain with the highest reported tumor colonization efficiency, with the E. coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene and show that systemically injected spores of these bacteria express CD only in the tumor...
  79. ncbi Hepatic intra-arterial delivery of a retroviral vector expressing the cytosine deaminase gene, controlled by the CEA promoter and intraperitoneal treatment with 5-fluorocytosine suppresses growth of colorectal liver metastases
    M J Humphreys
    Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
    Gene Ther 8:1241-7. 2001
    ..First, the CEA-CD-113 retroviral vector containing the cytosine deaminase gene controlled by the CEA specific tumour cell promoter, was shown in vitro to convert 5-fluorocytosine to ..
  80. ncbi A first step in the development of gene therapy for colorectal carcinoma: cloning, sequencing, and expression of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase
    E A Austin
    Wellcome Research Labs, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
    Mol Pharmacol 43:380-7. 1993
    ..of this gene therapy treatment for metastatic colorectal carcinoma, the Escherichia coli gene that encodes cytosine deaminase (CD) (EC 3.5.4.1) has been cloned. By using positive genetic selection, a plasmid carrying a 10...
  81. ncbi Improvement of antitumor activity by gene amplification with a replicating but nondisseminating adenovirus
    Denis Bourbeau
    Groupe de Vecteurs de Génomique et Thérapie Génique, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, Montreal, QC, Canada
    Cancer Res 67:3387-95. 2007
    ..a replication-competent adenoviral vector that has its protease gene deleted and expresses bacterial cytosine deaminase fused with bacterial uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CU)...
  82. ncbi Efficacy of gene therapy-delivered cytosine deaminase is determined by enzymatic activity but not expression
    L Dubois
    Department of Radiation Oncology Maastro Lab, GROW Research Institute, University of Maastricht, UNS 50 23, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Br J Cancer 96:758-61. 2007
    ..of tumour-selective 5-fluorouracil treatment using attenuated Salmonella serovar typhimurium recombinant for cytosine deaminase (TAPET-CD) has been documented in experimental settings...
  83. ncbi Concomitant expression of E. coli cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase improves the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorocytosine
    M Tiraby
    CAYLA, Toulouse, France
    FEMS Microbiol Lett 167:41-9. 1998
    The prodrug activation system formed by the E. coli codA gene encoding cytosine deaminase (CD) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) developed for selective cancer chemotherapy suffers from a sensitivity limitation in many tumour cells...
  84. ncbi Novel gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies against prostate cancer
    Pamela J Russell
    Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
    Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15:947-61. 2006
    ..Finally, the scope and progress of synergies between GDEPT and other treatment modalities, both traditional and alternate, are discussed...
  85. ncbi [Adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy for experimental bladder carcinoma]
    Wan Long Tan
    Department of Urologic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 26:594-7. 2006
    ....
  86. ncbi Suicide gene therapy for premalignant disease: a new strategy for the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia
    Z Sandalon
    Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8702, USA
    Gene Ther 8:232-8. 2001
    ..model of premalignancy was generated by mixing normal human keratinocytes (NHK) that express the bacterial cytosine deaminase gene (CD) with premalignant keratinocytes which have been genetically marked with the bacterial gene for ..
  87. ncbi Tumor-specific therapeutic effect induced by an oncolytic adenoviral vector containing heat shock protein 70 and prodrug activation genes
    Y Liu
    Genetic Therapy Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    Gene Ther 13:1235-43. 2006
    We constructed a melanoma-specific oncolytic adenoviral vector Ad.MCDIRESE1.71Hsp3, in which the cytosine deaminase and adenoviral E1A genes linked by the IRES sequence were under the control of a mouse tyrosinase enhancer/promoter ..
  88. ncbi The use of the L-plastin promoter for adenoviral-mediated, tumor-specific gene expression in ovarian and bladder cancer cell lines
    X Y Peng
    Genetic Therapy Program, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cancer Res 61:4405-13. 2001
    A 2.4-kb truncated L-plastin promoter was inserted either 5' to the LacZ gene (Ad-Lp-LacZ) or 5' to the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene (Ad-Lp-CD) in a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector backbone...
  89. ncbi A novel mechanism of synergistic cytotoxicity with 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir in double suicide gene therapy
    Paul D Boucher
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 0504, USA
    Cancer Res 66:3230-7. 2006
    The combination of cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) suicide gene protocols has resulted in enhanced antitumor activity in cultured tumor cells and animal models...
  90. ncbi In vivo suicide gene therapy model using a newly discovered prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter/enhancer: a potential alternative approach to androgen deprivation therapy
    A Uchida
    George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
    Urology 58:132-9. 2001
    ..and we have examined whether this construct could be used for efficient expression of the suicide gene, cytosine deaminase (CD), in vivo...
  91. ncbi Engineering conditionally replication-competent adenoviral vectors carrying the cytosine deaminase gene increases the infectivity and therapeutic effect for breast cancer gene therapy
    Y Liu
    Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 13:346-56. 2006
    ..Lp-CD-IRES-E1A(control) in which the expression of both the prodrug-activating cytosine deaminase gene and the viral replication E1A gene were driven by the L-plastin tumor-specific promoter...
  92. ncbi Mutation of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase significantly enhances molecular chemotherapy of human glioma
    S A Kaliberov
    Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
    Gene Ther 14:1111-9. 2007
    ..We have developed an Ad vector encoding a mutant bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD) gene (AdbCD-D314A), which has a higher affinity for cytosine than wild-type bCD (bCDwt)...
  93. ncbi Prodrug cancer gene therapy
    Cestmir Altaner
    Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia
    Cancer Lett 270:191-201. 2008
    ..Combinations of traditional, targeted, and stem cell directed gene therapy could significantly advance the treatment of cancer...
  94. ncbi Cloned cytosine deaminase gene expression of Bifidobacterium longum and application to enzyme/pro-drug therapy of hypoxic solid tumors
    Toshiyuki Nakamura
    Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66:2362-6. 2002
    ..In this report, we constructed pBLES100-S-eCD, which included the cytosine deaminase gene. We confirmed by western blotting that transfected B. longum produced cytosine deaminase...
  95. ncbi A potential therapeutic strategy to combat leukemia virus infection
    Judong Pan
    Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
    Cancer Biol Ther 2:92-9. 2003
    ..sequence of either herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) or a truncated HSV-TK (HSV-ATK) or yeast cytosine deaminase (CD). These constructs were transfected into feline fibroblast cells (H927)...
  96. ncbi Improvement of carcinoembryonic antigen-specific prodrug gene therapy for experimental colon cancer
    Kentaro Ueda
    Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
    Surgery 133:309-17. 2003
    ..05). CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced CEA-specific prodrug gene therapy using the Cre/loxP system was useful for the treatment of advanced colon cancer with liver metastases, implicating clinical application...
  97. ncbi Oncolytic adenoviral vector carrying the cytosine deaminase gene for melanoma gene therapy
    Y Liu
    Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    Cancer Gene Ther 13:845-55. 2006
    ..We also inserted the prodrug activating cytosine deaminase gene driven by the HTE/promoter into the E3 region of the Ad.HE1HCD3 vector...
  98. ncbi Phase I study of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer
    Svend O Freytag
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202 3450, USA
    Cancer Res 62:4968-76. 2002
    ..a novel approach that utilizes a lytic, replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5-CD/TKrep) to deliver a cytosine deaminase/herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase fusion gene to tumors...
  99. ncbi Regional delivery and selective expression of a high-activity yeast cytosine deaminase in an intrahepatic colon cancer model
    Ming Zhang
    Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
    Cancer Res 63:658-63. 2003
    ..this study, we investigated the use of an enhanced human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter for yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD), which converts 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, to increase targeting while maintaining activity ..
  100. ncbi Efficient and nontoxic adenoviral purging method for autologous transplantation in breast cancer patients
    Rosa Lillo
    , , 28009 Madrid, Spain
    Cancer Res 62:5013-8. 2002
    ..Human CD34(+) cells spiked with breast cancer cells were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding the cytosine deaminase transgene (Ad-CMV-CD)...
  101. ncbi Combined radiation and gene therapy for brain tumors with adenovirus-mediated transfer of cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase genes
    Hirokazu Kambara
    Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
    Cancer Gene Ther 9:840-5. 2002
    ..In this study, we investigated the ability of radiation therapy to enhance 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)/cytosine deaminase (CD) plus uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) gene therapy in malignant gliomas...

Research Grants74

  1. IMPROVING SUICIDE GENES FOR CANCER GENE THERAPY
    Margaret Black; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..coli cytosine deaminase with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5FC)...
  2. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry L Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..collaborating laboratories are engineering and optimizing two nucleoside salvage/synthesis enzymes for PGT: cytosine deaminase (CD) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)...
  3. Enhancing Suicide Gene Therapy Through Mechanism-Based Approaches
    Donna S Shewach; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..New results demonstrate a novel mechanism for the synergistic bystander killing with HSV-TK/GCV and cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-flucytosine (5- FC), a suicide gene model that produces the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil...
  4. Immunoglobulin Somatic Mutation
    Ursula Storb; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..5) Which mRNAs are modified by the cytidine deaminase, AID, in mutating B lymphocytes? The cytosine deaminase, AID, is required for SHM. The potential target mRNAs will be identified...
  5. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..In this proposal, a collaboration of two laboratories propose to optimize the nucleoside salvage enzymes cytosine deaminase and deoxycytidine kinase for prodrug suicide gene therapy, using a combination of structural biology and ..
  6. Improved Suicide Gene Therapy for Hepatic Cancers
    William Ensminger; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..generation of regional treatments for intrahepatic cancers using improved methods of delivery and forms of cytosine deaminase/5-flucytosine (CD/FC) in enzyme/prodrug gene therapy...
  7. Enhancing Suicide Gene Therapy Through Mechanism-Based Approaches
    Donna Shewach; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..New results demonstrate a novel mechanism for the synergistic bystander killing with HSV-TK/GCV and cytosine deaminase (CD)/5- flucytosine (5-FC), a suicide gene model that produces the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil...
  8. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..precursor) to survive the therapy and therefore provide extended expression of the therapeutic molecule cytosine deaminase. Our Preliminary Studies now show that lentiviral approach for gene delivery is operational in our hands and ..
  9. Immunoglobulin Somatic Mutation
    Ursula Storb; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..5) Which mRNAs are modified by the cytidine deaminase, AID, in mutating B lymphocytes? The cytosine deaminase, AID, is required for SHM. The potential target mRNAs will be identified...
  10. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..precursor) to survive the therapy and therefore provide extended expression of the therapeutic molecule cytosine deaminase. Our Preliminary Studies now show that lentiviral approach for gene delivery is operational in our hands and ..
  11. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..collaborating laboratories are engineering and optimizing two nucleoside salvage/synthesis enzymes for PGT: cytosine deaminase (CD) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)...
  12. Immunoglobulin Somatic Mutation
    Ursula Storb; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..5) Which mRNAs are modified by the cytidine deaminase, AID, in mutating B lymphocytes? The cytosine deaminase, AID, is required for SHM. The potential target mRNAs will be identified...
  13. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis R Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..precursor) to survive the therapy and therefore provide extended expression of the therapeutic molecule cytosine deaminase. Our Preliminary Studies now show that lentiviral approach for gene delivery is operational in our hands and ..
  14. Engineering enzymes for anti-tumor suicide gene therapy
    Barry Stoddard; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..collaborating laboratories are engineering and optimizing two nucleoside salvage/synthesis enzymes for PGT: cytosine deaminase (CD) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)...
  15. IMPROVING SUICIDE GENES FOR CANCER GENE THERAPY
    Margaret Black; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..coli or yeast cytosine deaminase (CD) with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5FC)...
  16. PET & MR QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF TRANSGENE EXPRESSION
    Juri Gelovani; Fiscal Year: 2002
    Non-invasive imaging of cytosine deaminase (CD) gene expression in clinical cancer gene therapy trials with CD plus 5FC combination therapy would be of considerable value...
  17. Image-guided Prodrug and siRNA Targeting of Cancer
    Zaver M Bhujwalla; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..recently developed a prototype agent that allows us to visualize the delivery of a prodrug enzyme, bacterial cytosine deaminase, noninvasively with MRI and optical imaging...
  18. Image-Guided Pro-Drug/Enzyme Therapy
    Zaver Bhujwalla; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..For both vascular-targeted and vessel permeability based agents, cytosine deaminase (CD), the enzyme that converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, will be conjugated to the ..
  19. T GONDII--PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS AS A CHEMOTHERAPY TARGET
    DAVID BZIK; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..In the second specific aim, the investigator will expand the parasite's salvage repertoire by expression of cytosine deaminase and thymidine kinase in T. gondii...
  20. Pharmacology of Targeted Therapy to Brain Tumors
    FRANCIS SZOKA; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The question we will address is: will an optimized non-viral GDEPT protocol expressing yeast cytosine deaminase provide better therapy then a targeted liposome chemotherapy protocol in brain tumors? The hypothesis ..
  21. OSTEOCLASTS AND BONE CANCER
    Denis Clohisy; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..The prodrug system selected is the cytosine deaminase/5 flourocytosine system...
  22. A Novel Mouse Model of Podocyte Injury
    Robert Spurney; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..the experiments, we will use the podocyte specific podocin promoter to target expression of the yeast enzyme cytosine deaminase (CD) to glomerular epithelial cells...
  23. A Novel Mouse Model of Podocyte Injury
    Robert Spurney; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..the experiments, we will use the podocyte specific podocin promoter to target expression of the yeast enzyme cytosine deaminase (CD) to glomerular epithelial cells...
  24. Targeted Prodrug Therapy of Liver Cancers
    MACUS KUO; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..of malarial circumsporozoite (CS) protein, a hepatocyte-specific targeting ligand, linked to bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD), a "suicide gene" product which catalyzes the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from its prodrug 5-..
  25. Structural Studies of Human APOBEC3G and HIV Vif
    Hiroshi Matsuo; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Therefore, the major objectives of this research are to obtain a structural understanding of the DNA cytosine deaminase activity of APOBEC3G and of the APOBEC3G -Vif interaction...
  26. Targeted Prodrug Therapy of Liver Cancers
    John Chan; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..the malarial circumsporozoite (CS) protein, a hepatocyte-specific targeting ligand, linked to the bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD), a suicidal gene product which catalyzes the production of 5-FU from its prodrug 5- fluorocytosine (5-..
  27. IN VIVO REPORTER SYSTEM FOR IMAGING GENE TRANSFER
    Kurt Zinn; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..The developed gene therapy vector will include both the reporter hSSTr2 gene and a therapeutic gene (cytosine deaminase, CD), the reporter allowing in vivo imaging of targeted gene delivery...