radioactive fallout

..In 1993, we reported that among those examined in 1985 to 1986 (Phase II) there was an association between radiation from the Nevada Test Site and thyroid neoplasms...

..Between 1966 and 1974, France performed 41 atmospheric nuclear weapon tests in the Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls in French Polynesia...

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..When this treatment is contraindicated, iodine free thionamides or potassium perchlorate are suggested...

..Further, there is little support in the epidemiologic literature on effects of very low doses of radiation on pregnancy outcome...

..The results of investigation of psychological consequences of nuclear tests, which are expressed in the form of verbal behaviour, were presented at this session as well...

..The highest thyroid doses from inhalation and ingestion without countermeasures were 178 mSv, 120 mSv, and 45 mSv for 5-y-old children, 10-y-old children, and adults, respectively. The countermeasures reduced these doses by about 30%...

..01+/-0.02 for similarly inclined trees. Because birch trees are a common feature in the contaminated territories, this effect has a wide potential for use in determining whether the fallout in many areas was due to wet or dry deposition...

..24; 1.06-1.44), chronic liver disease (2.07; 1.51-2.84), and hypercholesterolemia (1.79; 1.11-2.90) than controls. This study suggests that A-bomb exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of non-cancer diseases in Korean survivors...

..This phenomenon is compatible with the degenerative effect of ionizing radiation on blood vessels...

..A thorough compilation of the results of all radiation monitoring that was performed in French Polynesia in 1966-1974 would be likely to greatly improve the reliability and the precision of the dose estimates...

Settlements near the Semipalatinsk Test Site (SNTS) in northeastern Kazakhstan were exposed to radioactive fallout during 1949-1962...

..We compared thyroid immunity and function in two groups of children from Belarus, one of whom was exposed to the radioactive fallout of Chernobyl.

..Analysis of genetic variability in three sequential generations of rye and wheat revealed increased cytogenetic damage in plants exposed to chronic irradiation during the 2nd and 3rd years...

..Chernobyl-related results on the movement of radionuclides into the soil column are presented, as is a revised model for this process based upon recent results from Ukraine...

..0005 to 0.0012 dl-1 and correlated with the stable strontium transfer coefficient (0.0006-0.0013 dl-1) with the lower values found on the intensively managed pastures. The 137Cs transfer coefficient ranged from 0.0009-0.0045 dl-1...

..Among adult populations, there is no strong evidence to suggest that risk of thyroid cancer, leukaemia, or other malignant disease has increased as a result of the Chernobyl accident...

..The results presented in this article are valid for this single soil profile and should not be generalised unless validated in a more rigorous study of a larger number of soil profiles...

..Therefore, the changes in the root uptake would depend on the resulting situation from changes in RIP, K+ and NH(4)(+) values in the soil solution...

..8 and 0.2. The calculations showed, that the average absorbed doses to the thyroid varied between 10 and 40 Gy...

..2 mSv y(-1) with a geometric standard deviation of 2.6. Excluding extreme habits, the geometric mean of the total exposure was 1.0 mSv y(-1) with a geometric standard deviation of 1.3...

..This work represents a novel implementation of a spatial radioecological model using a Monte-Carlo approach...

..Levels decrease to the south and east, but increase again to the west of Crete where the Black Sea water mass can be periodically traced...

..2 for 90Sr in river water. The obtained characteristic uncertainty factors for 137Cs from the Chernobyl fallout is 2.4, for 137Cs from the NWT fallout it is 1.3 and for the 90Sr results from the NWT fallout it is 3 using the new model...

..Besides erosion and deposition processes, the initial pattern of 137Cs deposition, floodplain sedimentation, and short-range spatial variation were identified as the major sources of spatial variation of the 137Cs inventory...

..Using this information when processing the thyroid measurements made in May 1986 would improve the accuracy of the thyroid dose estimates, and may make it possible to use a larger proportion of the thyroid measurements made in June 1986...

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..The lessons learned from this exercise will be valuable in making future dose assessments/reconstructions involving countermeasures with improved results...

..65 mGy. It can serve for evaluation of the dose rate threshold regarding the safe chronic radiation levels in the environment...

..Comparing our results with similar ones published by other authors, it appeared possible that this kinetic varies with the time period over which the study is conducted, the longer the period the lower is the kinetic...

..The Bór za Lasem peat bog (49.42 degrees N, 19.75 degrees E), located in the Orawsko-Nowotarska valley of southern Poland, consists of global fallout Pu...

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..This can be used to predict the long-term riverine transport of these radiologically important radionuclides following any large-scale nuclear incident in North America, Europe, or (European and Asian) Russia...

..24 microSv (adult), or 0.88 microSv (5-year infant) respectively, which is less than 0.5% of the ingestion dose of the first year and amounts to 0.7% of the ingestion dose from natural radionuclides...

..Detectable effects of radiation on developmental stability probably start to occur between 0.132 and 0.297 microGy/h...

..Further, basic data, needed for composing conversion factors appropriate to other contaminated regions with different depth distributions from the Chernobyl area, are also indicated...

..For most of the species analyzed, we observed a gradual decrease in the individual (137)Cs TF(sp) when the (40)K soil activity concentration was increased, with the exception of Taraxacum officinale at one of the sampling sites...

..Kozhany village inhabitants Simple countermeasures, such as Prussian blue doses for dairy cows and pre-boiling mushrooms and fish before cooking, halved the 137Cs internal dose to inhabitants, even 10 years after the radioactive fallout.

..Results obtained in these experiments suggest that soil resuspension was a significant mechanism for plant contamination and that mulching was effective in reducing that contamination...

..The additional source might be the deposition following the Chernobyl accident...

..This methodology was first proposed for the correct selection of the suitable materials to be used to decrease radionuclide root uptake in future remediation actions and then validated with data of the previous field experiments...

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..Hence, only the relationship between 137Cs deposition and the rainfall of the first week of May 1986 can be used to construct a map depicting the Chernobyl fallout over eastern France...

..The transfer of beryllium occurs rapidly to the grass and litter, where the strongest pollutant accumulations were measured. However, (7)Be transport to the soil required more than 8 months...

In a large forested area affected by the Chernobyl radioactive fallout, especially in CIS, the lasting recycling of radiocaesium (137Cs) by the trees is a source of long-term contamination of woody products...

..Reliable estimates of the total 137Cs inventory can help to explain the lateral distribution. This equation was used to analyse the 137Cs-activities of Chernobyl fall-out measured on a slope under permanent pasture in Luxembourg...

..3 mSv from 137Cs), while at Polesskoye the dose from 137Cs (66 mSv) was 30 times greater than from 90Sr (2 mSv)...

..Maximum of 137Cs specific activity in wany wood was in the midst of 1990s, with subsequent decrease in activity and half-time up to 22 to 25 years...

..The obtained data will be helpful for evaluating the current and future radiation risks to the people living around there...

..Finally, 0.50 Gy of absorbed dose in air was derived as our tentative estimate for 1-year cumulative external dose in Dolon due to local fallout from the first USSR test in 1949...

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..28+/-0.068...

..The experimental results indicate that there is a clear relationship between Kd values and OM. The investigation was widened by microcalorimetric measurements which confirmed that the adsorption of 137Cs on the organic soils is low...

..Migration of fallout radiocaesium in a grassland soil from 1986 to 2001. Part II: Evaluation of the activity-depth profiles by transport models. Sci Total Environ 2006-this issue]...

..It was also noted that total iodine concentrations in topsoil from Belarus are low compared with other regions of the world where radiogenic thyroid cancer has been studied...

..Since the area is contaminated also by global fallout, the (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratio can be more sensitive indicator of bomb-derived Pu than Pu activity concentration...

..Effects on non-human biota were observed that ranged from minor to lethal; the current increase in the number and diversity of species in the most contaminated area is due to absence of human pressure...

..Although the differences between sites tend to diminish with time, surface specific activity in agricultural and meadow soil varies on average from a few Bq to several tens of Bq per kg of dry matter...

..5 km. Additional soil contamination data around Dolon and other villages are necessary for more detailed discussion...

..A critical group of 22,500 persons who received individual doses of >20 mSv is identified for consideration of increased social and medical attention...

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..With these modifications, we were able to analyze Cs-K competition in several species of mycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi...

..Additionally, the model allows to quantify soil redistribution in good correspondence with already existing models...

..g., from contaminated roofs and inhalation of contaminants during the passage of the contaminated plume, were of the same order of magnitude...

..10 mSv and the external radiation provided 0.19 mSv. The contributions of the external exposure from the contaminated air and inhalation are less than 5% of the total one...

..The replacement of a roof was found to reduce the dose rate considerably inside the house. A cost analysis of the operation is presented...

..There are two main reasons for the sustainment of the effects: careful implementation of adequate clean-up procedures and natural strong fixation of radiocaesium in soil-associated matrices of the ecosystems...

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..For sites having 137Cs > 300 Bq/kg, 129I can potentially give more reliable retroactive estimates of Chernobyl 131I deposition. However, our results suggest that 137Cs can also give reasonably good (+/-50%) estimates for 131I in Belarus...

..39-1.34 mSvy(-1) in 2001. The average external effective doses from natural radionuclides appeared to be lower than those from the Chernobyl fallout ranging from 0.15 to 0.27 mSvy(-1)...

..Thus the 137Cs external exposure impact was evaluated at 2 mSvy(-1) for 2002 in the most contaminated point...

..As the selected study area is in a recreational area used by urban populations, a rough estimate was made of the mean external dose from 137Cs for comparison with the French regulation...

..Results are given for Sr:Cs, Sr:Pu and Cs:Pu ratios. Comparison with fallout data shows a strong depletion of Sr against Cs and Pu...

..More recently, exposure to radioactive fallout as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident has clearly caused an enormous increase in the ..

..Areas of strong contamination were found along the trajectories of radioactive fallout, information on which was declassified after the collapse of the USSR...

..As a consequence of the Chernobyl radioactive fallout in 1986, large areas of central Sweden were contaminated...

..The methods could also be used to locate hot spots after radioactive fallout. Carborne and airborne gamma spectrometry systems are suitable for the task...

After the Chernobyl reactor accident wide areas of Belarus were contaminated with radioactive fallout. The verification and documentation of the long-term development of radiation doses is still going on...

..Chernobyl accident, children from Belarus living in highly exposed regions received mean thyroid doses by radioactive fallout higher by a factor of approximately 2 as compared to the survivors of the atomic bomb explosions...

The population of the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan was chronically exposed to radioactive fallout from above-ground nuclear tests conducted during 1949-1956 by the Soviet Union...

..the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear plant in Ukraine on April 26, 1986 exposed large numbers of residents to radioactive fallout, principally to iodine-131 ((131)I) (mean and median doses  =  0.6 Gy and 0.2 Gy)...

..streams and rivers in the Norwegian Jotunheimen Mountains and neighbouring lowland areas that had received radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident...

..distribution of Chernobyl-associated thyroid cancer incidence rates by districts with contamination maps of radioactive fallout shows a better fit for estimated 131I contamination than for 137Cs...

..derived from the follow-up of patients receiving diagnostic or therapeutic 131I and populations exposed to radioactive fallout. The latter includes the nuclear power station accident at Chernobyl and the results of atomic bomb ..

..But the contribution of (210)Pb in areas unaffected by any recent radioactive fallout has been found to be significant, up to 35% of the annual dose commitment in Spain...

..But Government advice to the public told a different story, offering cheerful advice about vacuuming up radioactive fallout and building shelters from books and furniture...

The Semipalatinsk area is highly contaminated with radioactive fallout from 40 years of continuous nuclear testing. The biological effects on human health in this area have not been studied...

The project "Sunshine" was originally focused on the study of strontium 90 from the world-wide radioactive fallout and its effects on man. It was one of the most important projects the USAEC had ever had...

..b>Radioactive fallout correlated strongly with annual precipitation which varies from 280 to 4200mm per year in Norway...

..the TC incidence under the impact of two regional risk factors: the contamination of Austrian soils by the radioactive fallout in from Chernobyl 1986 and the increased iodination of table salt in a general program of goiter ..

..cancer among American patients receiving multiple computed tomography scans, persons affected by radioactive fallout, or persons whose livelihoods involve some radiation exposure, such as x-ray technicians, interventional ..

Atmospheric nuclear weapons testing from 1945 through 1980 produced radioactive fallout that was transported by stratospheric winds and deposited unevenly around the world...

..This study examines health perceptions of Ukrainian adolescents exposed to radioactive fallout in utero or as infants, and the epidemiologic and Chornobyl-related influences on self-reported health.

The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site area is considered to have been highly contaminated with radioactive fallout during 40 years of continuous nuclear testing...

..Some studies mention the effects of radioactive fallout, particularly after the accident in Chernobyl...

..underestimates of the number of fatalities and the extent and degree of sickness among those exposed to radioactive fallout from Chernobyl...

..a group of younger residents of heavily exposed territories and the residents of territories not exposed to radioactive fallout. These increased dose values are consistent with those based on officially registered data for the ..

Following a radioactive fallout event, there are a number of possible intervention measures to reduce radioactive doses to the public via the surface water pathway...

..However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased...

..at surgery </=18 years) and adults (27 patients; age at surgery 19-35 years), who had been exposed to radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986, was examined for microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of ..

..This data may have direct relevance to both prognosis and assessment of risk from exposure to radioactive fallout from a nuclear accident...

..This data may have direct relevance to both prognosisand assessment of riskfrom exposure to radioactive fallout from a nuclear accident...

..7) To determine the conditions under which pulsed low dose rate (LDR) and continuous LDR produce clinically equivalent normal tissue injury. ..

..4) Complete the randomized, prospective, trial of the use of ACE inhibitors to prevent the development of radiation nephropathy in BMT patients. ..

..Some of the animals surviving the first course of treatment will be given a second fractionated treatment 6 to 18 months later...

..Complete the on-going study of whether nephrotoxic drugs used in conjunction with BMT enhance or accelerate the development of radiation nephritis...

..b) How does treatment with nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agents affect tolerance to subsequent renal radiation? c) How does treatment with nephrotoxic agents affect the development of nephritis from previous renal irradiation?..

..This "moderate throughput" approach, in effect, provides a genetic dissection of hippocampal structure, function, and development ..

..Results will provide important new information regarding the underlying biological basis of the emerging evidence linking night shift work with cancer risk. ..

..Further analyses of possible interactions between EMF and specific chemicals will also be conducted. ..

..Urine samples will be assayed for the primary urinary metabolite of melatonin, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, and levels of LH, FSH, and estradiol. ..

..Such detailed information is important for understanding how the lack of retinal pigment produces abnormalities and for the rationale development of treatments and therapies. ..

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..Results will provide important new information regarding the underlying biological basis of the emerging evidence linking night shift work with cancer risk. ..

..Further analyses of possible interactions between EMF and specific chemicals will also be conducted. ..

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..abstract_text> ..

..g. recurrence) and individual thyroid radiation dose, patient characteristics, and molecular markers of genetic change. ..

..Abstract not provided ..

..End of abstract.) ..

..Results will provide important new information regarding the underlying biological basis of the emerging evidence linking night shift work with cancer risk. ..