chickenpox vaccine

..The value of highly elevated IgG titers needs further evaluation. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results...

....

..To evaluate parental health beliefs regarding the varicella vaccine and to identify potential areas for interventions designed to increase immunization against varicella...

..The true burden of varicella complications in Germany is not known. We investigated the incidence and pattern of varicella complications in children and adolescents using 3 independent surveillance sources...

....

..In October 2006, the Arkansas Department of Health was notified of a varicella outbreak among students where some received a second dose during an outbreak-related vaccination campaign in February 2006...

..Vaccine effectiveness was within the range predicted by the literature. Vaccination led to a lower attack rate in the highly vaccinated CCC and appeared to protect from severe disease...

..To present an up-to-date review of studies investigating the efficacy, adverse events and vaccination regimens of the varicella vaccine and the new presentation combined with the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella...

..The reductions also occurred in every age group including infants and adults. This study showed significant evidence of vaccine impact with a marked decline in clinical cases in the short term...

..A second dose of a varicella-containing vaccine may result in similar benefits...

..In addition, significant economic benefits can be expected, mainly because of the high level of indirect health costs in Germany...

..Continued surveillance will be important to monitor the impact that the 2-dose vaccine policy in children has on varicella epidemiology...

..The varicella vaccine Varilrix (GlaxoSmithKline) was introduced in Israel in June 2000 as an optional vaccination for children...

..Continued surveillance is needed in order to monitor changing trends in varicella epidemiology...

..Insight into epidemiology of varicella zoster is needed for the assessment of the desirability of introduction of routine varicella zoster vaccination...

....

..VZV vaccine should be introduced into the routine childhood vaccination programme in Turkey...

..ACIP also approved criteria for evidence of immunity to varicella...

....

..The anticipated licensure of combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccines in both countries may lead to future schedule changes...

..We assessed the impact that varicella vaccination has on the incidence of varicella and of HZ...

..In conclusion, based on our local epidemiologic data, presumptive varicella vaccination should be offered to all adolescents with the exception of the subgroup of adolescents with household exposure...

..Continued surveillance of the risk and characteristics of breakthrough disease will be needed, to monitor the effect of the new 2-dose vaccine recommendation for children...

..We investigated this outbreak to examine reasons for its occurrence, including vaccine failure...

..We tested the hypothesis that vaccination against VZV would decrease the incidence, severity, or both of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia among older adults...

..In addition, data from varicella vaccination programs in Europe should provide further insight into the effectiveness of varicella vaccination in different geographic and ethnic populations...

..CONCLUSIONS: The program of universal childhood vaccination against varicella in the United States has resulted in a sharp decline in the rate of death due to varicella...

..However, national surveillance data are incomplete, and comprehensive data regarding outpatient as well as hospital utilization have not been reported...

....

..Given the overlap in MMR and varicella vaccination schedules, development of a combined vaccine appears logical and would facilitate the introduction of 2 doses of varicella vaccination in healthy children with no additional injections...

..A retrospective study was conducted to provide epidemiological data on hospitalization for complicated and uncomplicated chickenpox in a pediatric population...

..Previous studies have not found such effects. We studied trends in varicella-related hospitalization rates and associated charges before and after introduction of varicella vaccine...

..A universal varicella vaccination policy is an option that needs to be considered for Europe not only in medical terms but also because it would be socially and economically appropriate...

..We investigated an outbreak of varicella in a population of children with a high proportion of vaccinees who were attending a day-care center in a small community in New Hampshire...

..Before licensure of varicella vaccine in 1995, varicella was a universal childhood disease in the United States, causing 4 million cases, 11,000 hospitalizations, and 100 deaths every year...

..We assessed physicians' attitudes about the 1-dose varicella vaccination program and whether physicians think a 2-dose recommendation is needed to reduce the risk of breakthrough disease...

..More of those who died were born outside United Kingdom than expected (12% v 4%). CONCLUSIONS: Chickenpox is not a mild disease. Deaths in adults are increasing, both in number and proportion...

..Finally, our results provide baseline estimates of varicella and zoster incidence and morbidity for VZV vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness studies...

..Inc, West Point, PA) was evaluated in five clinical trials. Use of ProQuad would result in fewer injections for children and would facilitate universal immunization against all four diseases...

..00 case/1000 person-years. Overall, the incidence of HZ in this cohort, therefore, is similar to published data for the US population in the prevaccine era...

..The peak at 7-10 years may represent a transient loss of detectable antibody by some individuals...

..A live attenuated varicella vaccine was approved for use in the United States in March 1995 and is recommended for all susceptible persons 12 months of age or older...

..Eleven patients were hospitalized with complications of breakthrough varicella infection...

..These results suggest that the best vaccination strategy in Catalonia would be to add a temporary vaccination programme of pre-adolescents at 12 years to routine vaccination at 15 months...

..Additional programmes targeting paediatricians' and parents' acceptance of varicella vaccination are needed to achieve the WHO-defined goal of at least 85% coverage...

..To evaluate the varicella immunization practices of physicians in Rochester, NY, and to identify factors that predict whether physicians administer varicella vaccine to children...

..Similar immunisation programmes have been adopted by some other countries, including Uruguay, Germany, Taiwan, Canada, and Australia, and are expected to be implemented more widely in future...

....

..The SIEVE recommends the implementation of such a policy as soon as financially and practically possible...

..Prior to 2004, the mass immunization program in Taiwan did not include varicella vaccine; however, parents could have their children vaccinated by the self-payment option...

..We assessed the impact of the Uruguayan varicella vaccination programme during 2005, 6 years after its introduction...

..3 days and 25 vs. 4 deaths per 100,000 case). These results provide base-line estimates should mass varicella vaccination be introduced in England and Wales...

..In summary, routine childhood varicella vaccination appears to be a highly efficient strategy to significantly reduce the sizeable burden of varicella and would lead to net savings from both the societal but also the payer perspective...

..From these findings it can be concluded that universal varicella vaccination is a strategy which should be encouraged, from a medical, epidemiological, but also economic viewpoint...

..In January, 2000, a pediatric sentinel network was launched, with the aim of monitoring in a timely and accurate way the geographic and temporal trends of vaccine-preventable diseases...

....

....

..Mass varicella vaccination is expected to cause a major epidemic of herpes-zoster, affecting more than 50% of those aged 10-44 years at the introduction of vaccination...

..As reasons, the spread of viruses, which may be imported originally by persons immigrating from warmer climates, or the recombination between wild-and vaccine-type viruses have to be considered...

....

..Varicella is often considered to be a benign disease of childhood. In fact, varicella is associated with serious complications and mortality even among healthy individuals...

..Varicella zoster (chickenpox) infection is a common and benign disease of childhood. The predominance of uncomplicated cases in children tends to overshadow the morbidity associated with severe cases and the resultant hospitalization...

..Only minor adverse effects reported in the general population were observed. Live virus immunization with MMR and Varivax was safe and immunogenic in this selected population of liver transplant recipients...

..The aim of this study was to explore the geographical difference of VZV antibody seroprevalence among children in private vaccination areas in Taiwan, controlling for potential factors relating to varicella susceptibility...

..The ProQuad combination vaccine facilitates implementation of varicella vaccination into routine childhood immunization schedules and will help to protect children against these four potentially serious diseases...

..The data presented provide a baseline against which to evaluate changes in the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus and the effect of immunization with the Japanese Oka vaccine strain...

..This large-scale study provides up-to-date estimates of Varicella zoster virus (VZV) age-specific seroprevalence and characteristics of VZV transmission in a representative sample of the Israeli population...

....

..The vaccine was well-tolerated. Varicella-zoster virus-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses were detected in all subjects by 4 weeks and in 9 of 10 subjects 1 year after vaccination...

..To evaluate whether the varicella vaccine virus is detected in breast milk after vaccination of breast-feeding women and whether there is serologic evidence of exposure of the infant to varicella virus after maternal vaccination...

..Adolescent vaccination is the safest and most cost-effective strategy, but has the least overall impact on varicella...

..VZV wild-type strains containing a BglI restriction site in ORF 54 as well as Oka vaccine strains can rarely be detected...

..For other countries considering introducing these vaccines, the advantages for children, parents and healthcare providers of protecting against four diseases in a single vaccine should be noted...

..Thus, appropriate prevention measures (VZV immunoglobulin and acyclovir) were justified for close contacts to prevent virus transmission. No secondary cases occurred...

..To present a review of varicella disease, vaccine development and implementation of universal vaccination, discuss common questions about the vaccine and the epidemiology of the disease since licensure of the varicella vaccine...

..This study (104389/NCT00127023) was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a new refrigerator-stable tetravalent MMRV vaccine after 1 dose and after 2 doses administered during the second year of life...

..We describe an outbreak of varicella with likely breakthrough disease in a population of pediatric cancer patients in October 2004...

..Two responder and 1 non-responder nephrotic children and 9 controls were lost to long-term follow-up. Our results show that immunization with a single dose of VZV vaccine is safe and effective in children with SSNS in remission...

..From a health payer's perspective the preteen vaccination is the only strategy that is deemed cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of infant vaccination rests heavily on the unknown relationship between varicella and zoster...

..15 (38% of routine immunization costs). In this population, serologic testing is more cost effective than routinely immunizing all unknowns...

..A second dose of varicella vaccine is expected to increase seroconversion rates and vaccine effectiveness...

..Reports of outbreaks of varicella in highly immunized groups have increased concern about the effectiveness of varicella vaccine...

....

..However, the huge pool of latent wild-type virus in the population represents a continuing threat. Both the biology and the epidemiology of VZV disease suggest that new vaccination strategies will be required over time...

..Further studies will be needed to identify potential virulence factors in variant vaccine strains...

..Disseminated Oka VZV was identified in 6 immunocompromised patients and 1 patient with Down syndrome. This review has shown that the vaccine is generally safe and well tolerated...

..Vaccination recommendations can be adapted at any time to take account of further findings in this area...

....

..Ongoing safety surveillance and further studies may shed light on some of the hypothesized associations...

..Meanwhile sensitive surveillance of both chickenpox and shingles is essential in countries that have implemented, or are about to implement, varicella vaccination...

..They will investigate gene expression during putative latency, including the comparative virulence of wild type and vaccine type VZV. ..

....

..The case-control study design will provide maximum statistical power for analysis of these relationships, particularly in the important African-American subgroup. ..

..We have competent, outstanding staff whose aim is not only to provide compassionate medical care to HIV-infected patients but also to perform meaningful and useful research on prevention and treatment of HIV infection. ..

..It may also make it possible to develop a safer and more efficacious vaccine. ..

....

..The renewal of this training grant will enable us to continue a training program that has so far been highly successful at this University during the past 5 years. ..

..g. rapid progressors) and appropriately matched controls (e.g. non-progressors); and cross-cohort analyses utilizing parallel cohorts. ..

....

..This experience will give Dr. Furth the tools she needs to develop into an independent clinical investigator in a nurturing academic environment. ..

..Furth the tools she needs to develop into an independent clinical investigator in a nurturing academic environment. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Without understanding the barriers to prevention from multiple vantage points, the rates of preventive services are unlikely to reach 2010 goals and needless cancer deaths will occur. ..

..In order to better understand the molecular and virologic basis of virulence and/or host tropism, we will identify relevant steps in the viral replication cycle in vivo that are restricted on the basis of host range. ..

..These innovations will have broad relevance for for understanding human immunity against microbial pathogens of concern for biodefense. ..

..These parallel investigations of VZV pathogenesis and immunity are directly linked by their practical relevance for improving live attenuated varicella vaccines. ..

..Understanding the maturation of host responses to viral antigens during the first year of life has general relevance for vaccine strategies in infancy. ..

..A better understanding of the genetic mechanisms that are required for VZV virulence in skin, T cells and neural cells will guide the design of 'second generation' live attenuated varicella vaccines. ..

..abstract_text> ..

....

..Findings will have immediate relevance for implementation of the HOA projects and other consumerism efforts. ..

..Results from this study will guide the development of interventions that target disordered sleep with potential effects on disability in RA. ..

..This project will constitute the first, randomized controlled clinical trial of the effects of TCC on sleep outcomes in breast cancer survivors, and will advance psychobiological models of insomnia treatment mechanisms. ..

..Finally, a number of different strategies will be used to modulate the function of Treg cells in vivo to either increase immunity to HSV or reduce the damage resulting from HSV-induced immunopathology. ..

..Although the basic data system has worked well, these aims will allow the applicants to extend the capabilities of this research infrastructure and insure its future usefulness. ..

..g., cytokine antagonists) for sleep disturbance in alcoholism. ..

..This approach may provide an alternative and/or adjunct means of managing the clinical expression of HSK in the natural host. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..This study will advance psychobiological models of disordered sleep and the potential benefits of two readily exportable behavioral interventions for promoting improvements in sleep outcomes in the elderly. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..The results of our study may produce a vehicle for topical treatment of herpetic keratitis that is more effective than existing methods of treatment of stromal keratitis and may be effective when administered only once daily...

..abstract_text> ..

..These proposed VZV studies will provide further insight into the multiple functions of gE and the gE:gI complex. ..

..Investigations also focus on angiogenesis during clinical HSK and the relevance of therapies designed to inhibit neovascularization. ..