occupational air pollutants

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..Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations...

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..Therefore, the present study suggests that the conventional industrial hygiene measures can significantly reduce exposure to airborne MWCNTs and other particulate materials in a nano research facility...

..However, a rapid decrease of the isocyanate concentration was observed while moving away from the emission source. Among the isocyanates detected the most abundant were the monomers (MDI, HDI, TDI and IPDI) and Me-i...

..However, with multiple different measurement metrics in use, comparison of isocyanate exposure data between studies and development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for polyisocyanates is difficult...

..Few studies have investigated exposure of hairdressing apprentices to airborne irritants. This study describes exposure levels of apprentices to chemical products used in hairdressing salons in relation with their activity...

..g. Legionnaire disease, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonia) or non-specific (e.g. the Sick Building Syndrome)...

..1 microg/kg bw/day) for the majority of the population...

..For long-term monitoring the 2MP method can be applied for TDI but, since the method underestimates the concentrations, a correction factor is needed which needs to be corroborated further...

..Isocyanic acid, which could not be sampled by the 2MP method used for personal monitoring, was found by short-term stationary monitoring in levels up to 38 p.p.b. in the flame lamination plants...

..The procedure was applied to literature regarding formaldehyde exposure in the reconstituted wood panels industry, including oriented-strand board (OSB), medium density fibre board (MDF) and particle board (PB)...

..The objective of the present study was to investigate and describe the emissions of volatile compounds, particularly hexanal and carbon monoxide, from large- and small-scale storage of wood pellets...

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..Identification of these key exposure determinants will be useful in targeting exposure evaluation and control efforts to reduce isocyanate exposures...

..These results provide some limited support for the hypothesis of an excess lung cancer risk due to diesel exhaust but no support for an increase in risk due to gasoline exhaust...

..This study was designed to investigate the plasma oxidant and antioxidant status in cement plant workers...

..Differences in exposure levels were seen between the plants and this may partly be due to differences of the process equipment, tasks and the biofuel handled...

..This study describes exposure levels of bakery and pastry apprentices to flour dust, a known risk factor of occupational asthma...

..Occupational exposure to noxious dusts, gases, and fumes most likely contributes to obstructive lung disease. We studied whether self-reported farming work is associated with non-reversible airways obstruction...

..A study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of airway responsiveness measurements to diagnose the presence of airways inflammation and relate this to the workplace exposure...

..The aim of this paper is to describe industrial air and water pollution in Spain in 2001, broken down by activity group and specific pollutant, and to plot maps depicting emissions of carcinogenic substances...

..The New York State CIAA yielded measurable reductions in ETS exposure for hospitality workers...

..In addition, microbial and inflammatory characteristics of agricultural seeds were studied...

..To assess and classify exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some specific working areas of a steel foundry operating with a continuous casting process and evaluate biomonitoring data in different job tasks...

..Welding SSS with a special electrode caused a delayed 31% drop in FEV1. In conclusion, exposure to manual metal-arc welding fumes of special stainless steel should be considered as a new cause of occupational asthma...

..We investigated the influence of weather and production practices on personal microbial exposure during grain work...

..Work-related health effects may be common in nail salon work. Chemical and musculoskeletal hazards should be reduced through product and equipment redesign...

..48 microg/m (3)). In conclusion, farmers cultivating valerian could be exposed during processing of valerian roots to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease...

..The aim of this work was to assay the concentration levels and composition of welding fumes, released during flux cored arc welding, to assess exposure of welders...

..This work was commissioned by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation to assist the Health and Safety Executive in achieving its target of reducing the incidence of occupational asthma in Great Britain by 30% by 2010...

..At a copper-beryllium alloy strip and wire finishing facility we performed a cross-sectional survey to examine prevalences of beryllium sensitization and CBD, and relationships between sensitization and CBD and work areas/processes...

..Redesign, locking and labeling of access doors and the establishment of rigorous entry procedures and training of onboard crew as well as personnel boarding ocean vessels are also important...

..5 V. Manganese concentration was 1.7 mg/m(3) at 16 V vs. 6.4 mg/m(3) at 23.5 V. The data suggest that welders should use lower voltage levels whenever possible...

..These findings suggest that occupational exposure to welding fumes among welders disturbs the homeostasis of trace elements in systemic circulation and induces oxidative stress...

..Owing to the new perspectives in lung cancer screening, it might contribute to the identification of high-risk subjects...

..CONCLUSION: These results suggest accumulation of BPA in early fetuses and significant exposure during the prenatal period, which must be considered in evaluating the potential for human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals...

..The implications of the results for the prevention of wood dust exposure are discussed...

..The aim of this study was to identify associations between exposure to iron and welding fumes and the incidence of lung cancer among Finnish men...

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..Occupational asthma did not differ among subgroups of hairdressers. We observed an important risk of occupational asthma among hairdressers. The most prominent risk factors were work intensity and atopy...

..There were strong correlations among manganese, iron, and total particulate mass exposures, suggesting simple equations to estimate one fume component from any of the others...

..04). CONCLUSION: Exposure to low-level neurotoxicants common to nail studios may result in mild cognitive and neurosensory changes similar to those observed among solvent-exposed workers in other settings...

..Grouping by factory showed very poor exposure contrast, as the contrast in exposure level among factories was as low as 0.15...

..5 microm may be a more relevant exposure metric for predicting the incidence of CBD or sensitization than the total mass concentration of airborne Be...

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..The management and employees of the sawmilling industry should be educated on the potential health effects of wood dust. Wood dust should be controlled at the source...

..To explore relations between two estimates of exposure to inhalable flour dust, and the incidence rates (IRs) of asthma and rhinitis in bakers...

..In view of the association between tobacco use and several non-communicable diseases, the findings of the present study indicate an urgent need to minimize tobacco exposure among the processors...

..This study investigated whether exposure to dust from biofuel plants induces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage and inflammation in exposed mice...

..Therefore, an understanding of possible adverse health effects of exposure to welding fumes is essential to risk assessment and the development of prevention strategies and will impact a large population of workers...

..Bronchial challenge tests in the workplace have demonstrated occupational asthma in more than 20% of the sensitized greenhouse growers...

..Our goal was to identify workers with a broad range of benzene exposures, for an epidemiologic study relating exposure to early biologic effects...

..Beryllium sensitization and disease prevention are paradigms for much broader public health action in both occupational and general population settings...

..Hairdressers were exposed to low air levels of a large number of chemical substances mostly related to work related to hair dying. There were no differences between exposure levels in salons in central and suburban areas...

..The use of HPLC-UVF conventional method failed to detect unreacted isocyanates in foam samples, but TDI monomers were quantified by HPLC-CIS-MS-MS...

..Within the group of welders, the number of hours welding was negatively related to scores on verbal learning, auditory span, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and motor efficiency...

..Because of this observation, we find it of importance to present a case of interstitial fibrosis, which implies a direct association between long-term exposure to glass wool and the clinical outcome...

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..Inhalation of GRP, independent of environmental concentration, causes alterations of the cellular and humoral components of pulmonary interstitium; these alterations are identified microscopically as acute alveolitis...

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..05). Our results show that individuals who had high Hsp70 levels generally showed lower genotoxic damage than others. These results suggest a role of Hsp70 in the protection of DNA from genotoxic damage induced by coke-oven emission...

..Approximately one million workers worldwide perform welding as part of their work duties. Electric arc welding processes produce metal fumes and gases which may be harmful to exposed workers...

..Process emission rates with production activity data allow estimation of dust exposure in similar facilities, and help direct development of exposure control strategies...

..The present work is a massive survey, which highlights the occupational hazards in Egyptian foundries...

..e. safety limits for workers' health. The aim of this study was to assess dust exposure of workers employed at selected workposts in the construction industry in Poland...

..The results call for the size-selective measurement of particles and endotoxin for more comprehensive exposure assessment in MWF facilities...

..38, 1.51, and 1.13, respectively. These ratios would be useful in assessing metalworking fluid airborne exposure data based on different aerosol fractions and for interpreting occupational exposure standards based on different fractions...

..The measurement of serum anti-inflammatory Clara cell protein (CC16) was employed as a peripheral marker of the lung epithelium function...

..The calculated bias of sampled masses with respect to the ISO respirable mass was almost zero for the workplace aerosols...

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..Therefore, variance components and determinants of exposure were studied in a large database with >2000 endotoxin measurements...

..The threshold limit value (TLV) and biological exposure indices values should be liaised for each area in the city which will serve as a guide to control health hazards...

..According to observations by occupational health physicians, nearly 50 % of the seamen on German vessels will get diseases of the upper respiratory tract. An impact of the air-conditioning systems on these diseases has been suggested...

..Variability in aerosol respirability and chemical heterogeneity could translate into differences in toxicity and support detailed characterization of physicochemical properties during exposure assessments...

..Wood dust has been classified as carcinogenic to humans and the association with nasal cancer risk has been observed in a large number of epidemiological studies...

..The impressive number of silica dust measurements and the evaluation of methodological uncertainties allow recommendations for a best practice of exposure assessment for epidemiological studies...

..The results also showed that the Grimm monitor enables real-time dust concentration determinations that are accurate enough for routine monitoring of occupational exposure and for testing efficiency of control measures in workplaces...

..In conclusion, in the present low-exposed cohort, female woodworkers had an accelerated decline in lung function, which may be clinically relevant...

..This paper investigates determinants of wood dust exposure and trends in dust level in the furniture industry of Viborg County, Denmark, using data from two cross-sectional studies 6 years apart...

..To examine the risk of wood dust and chemical exposures for adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (ADCN) among German wood workers...

..Lower inhibin B concentrations in the patients could point to a functional impairment of the testicular Sertoli cells, that may be caused by a welding fume component or other factors in their work environment...

..The dust pollution was found to be deposited locally and dependent on: the nature of dust particles and the volume and frequency of precipitation...

..0001). This finding is important because the lapel has always been the sampling location for coal mine dust samples. But these results suggest that the cap location is slightly more indicative of what is breathed through the nose area...

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..The results of this study demonstrate the validity of the passive dust sampling principle in environments involving even large (>100 microm) particles and the potential to predict the concentration of several size fractions...

..Factors associated with reduced aerosol exposure included machining aluminum, milling, the height (and shape) of the shop roof (for both sample types) and the presence of mechanical shop ventilation (for the 37 mm cassette samples)...

..For evaluation of workplace exposure to ultrafine particles it is recommended that all relevant characteristics of such exposure are measured as part of a well-designed sampling strategy...

..The reasons for these results and the possible consequential intakes are discussed...

..Major diesel fume aerosol components were, in general, well correlated (r = 0.62-0.97). CO(2) measurements were also made and found to be below the HSE guideline of 1000 p.p.m., with most levels below 600 p.p.m...

..We describe an emerging public health concern regarding silicosis in the fast-growing highway repair industry...

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..To describe lung function in correlation with information on exposure to dust and fibers in soft tissue paper-producing factories in Germany...

..In our study, silica exposure is much lower than reported elsewhere. The difficulty associated with assessing construction workers' exposures is highlighted...

..In the absence of personal protective equipment, the miners in the Mererani area are presumably at a high risk of developing chronic silicosis...

..This study assessed the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce wood dust, a carcinogen, by approximately 26% in small woodworking businesses...

..Respiratory protection might not always reduce exposure sufficiently. Only the combined use of more than one control measure can reduce exposures to acceptable levels...

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..However, the methods will be applicable to other industry based epidemiologic studies where the available data are sparse and exposures to chemical mixtures are the norm. ..

..The methodology will be developed using a large occupational exposure dataset from 3M Company, and probabilistic professional judgments obtained from occupational hygienists employed at 3M Company. ..

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..The findings from the clinical trial will lend critical insight into the impact of household mouse allergen exposure on urban populations with asthma, and directly inform public health strategies to reduce the inner-city asthma burden. ..

..This information is critical for the development of interventions to prevent and/or ameliorate the adverse consequences of NSBRI. ..

..Importantly, this new project will also serve to advance Dr. Redlich's research skills in new areas and provide a unique opportunity to mentor junior. ..

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..In addition, improvements in the prediction of allergic sensitization would allow interventions to be targeted in a more practical and efficient manner to those at highest risk. ..

..The findings should be relevant to the millions of workers who produce and use polyurethane products. ..

..The methodology will be developed using a large occupational exposure dataset from 3M Company, and probabilistic professional judgments obtained from occupational hygienists employed at 3M Company. ..

..It is envisioned that the multidisciplinary team of sponsors will play an active roll in both the research and career development component of this award. ..

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..In addition to providing a better understanding of the influences of TLE and TLR on human olfactory function, this work may lead to the development of a simple and inexpensive non-invasive means for better establishing TLE seizure loci. ..

..Third, it would lead to testable hypotheses regarding the role of reproductive hormones, and their underlying mechanisms, in the maintenance of normal olfactory function. ..

..Results of the case-based surveillance effort also will have broad application to health care workers. ..

..Reevaluated data may be able to be used more effectively in epidemiological studies on the health effects of metalworking fluid mists. ..

..The data generated in this study will help mine operators make informed decisions about the type of surfactant to use in spray systems to maximize dust capture depending on the characteristics of the coal they are mining. ..

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..The results will be discussed in terms of implications for future use of antidepressants. ..

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..There is currently considerable interest in the international community (including both NIOSH and the EC) in achieving such improvements in new sampler testing and development methodologies. ..

..Multiple dimensions of PREP design and marketing will be investigated, with particular focus on behavioral and sensory response to PREPs as compared with conventional cigarettes. ..

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..Finally, we will examine how a derived dietary antioxidant score, based upon measured oxidative potential of specific foods using the ferric-reducing/antioxidant power method, is related to PAD. ..

..Finally, we will examine how a derived dietary antioxidant score, based upon measured oxidative potential of specific foods using the ferric-reducing/antioxidant power method, is related to PAD. ..

..The impact of these projects is to expand the design and analysis "tools"' available to epidemiologic research in a way that will improve validity and cost-efficiency. ..

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..Multiple dimensions of PREP design and marketing will be investigated, with particular focus on behavioral and sensory response to PREPs as compared with conventional cigarettes. ..

..She is a well-supported candidate with a long-standing interest in becoming a physician scientist who will benefit highly from a Clinical Scientist Development Award. ..

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..Findings from this project may have significant implications for treatment efforts as well as development of effective policy and strategies for product regulation. ..

..Documents will be analyzed and scientific reports will be written on tobacco product design, regulation and characterization. ..

..The results should provide a much needed experimental foundation for assessing the vulnerability of the neuroendocrine system to insults by environmental factors. ..

..The findings on BPA may reveal the potential risk associated with human exposure to environmental estrogens. ..

..The results of these analyses will be used to develop strategies for subsequent intervention trials in this organization and industrial workforces generally. ..

..These results may prove to have important biological, clinical, and public health implications for the care of CHD. ..