cathartics

..Patients have more difficulty completing PEG than NaP and SPS. Biochemical changes associated with a small-volume preparation like NaP, albeit largely asymptomatic, mandate caution in patients with cardiovascular or renal impairment...

..3 per cent. The study that found the 2-liter electrolyte lavage solution with four tablets of bisacodyl can achieve equally good results in bowel preparation and favorable acceptance by patients compared with the 4-liter lavage...

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..After identifying and excluding patients with potential risk factors, sodium phosphate should become an alternative preparation for patients undergoing elective colonoscopy in the Taiwanese population...

..These findings suggest that FPK #3 is better tolerated and as safe as PEG but does not provide more efficacious cleansing of the colon...

..So far several regimens have been proposed but rather none has shown a clear-cut advantage over the others. Aim of this study was to compare cleansing ability and patients' compliance of three oral regimens...

..The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of three bowel cleansing regimens on subjective well-being, electrolyte balance, cardiac arrhythmia, and the microscopic post-cleansing appearance of the colonic mucosa...

..To compare three bowel preparation regimens for colonoscopy in terms of the quality of preparation, the side effects and patient acceptance...

..CONCLUSIONS: Based on the safety, efficacy, and patient preferences, the 32-tablet RF-NaP regimen was superior to the 40-tablet RF-NaP and NaP regimen for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy...

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..Evaluate patient tolerance and acceptance of a sodium phosphate (NaP) tablet purgative compared with a 4-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution...

..The aim of the present study was to determine whether a reduced volume of PEG combined with stimulant laxatives would be better tolerated and as or more effective than the standard dose...

..We sought to determine whether preliminary fiber supplementation would alter the tolerability or efficacy of a standard bowel preparation for colonoscopy..

..89: 95% CI[0.83, 0.92]. CONCLUSIONS: The Ottawa scale was validated prospectively and demonstrates high interobserver agreement and reliability, whether used as a total score or for individual colon segments...

..To compare the efficacy and patient acceptance of an oral high dose of senna to conventional polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ES) in adults undergoing elective colonoscopy...

..In this article, the author presents a review of the management implications of differentiating constipation-predominant IBS from functional constipation...

..The link between stimulant laxatives and structural changes, such as the "cathartic colon" or enteric nerve damage, is not well established either. Danthron compounds should be avoided because of hepatotoxicity...

..Most scales were intended for comparing oral purgatives and fail to account for washing and/or suctioning by the endoscopist. This limits their utility in studies of colonoscopy outcomes, such as polyp-detection rates...

..Established risk factors for suboptimal bowel preparation have been proposed, but social factors, such as socioeconomic status and marital status, have not been investigated...

..A multicenter, investigator-blinded study was conducted to compare the colon-cleansing efficacy of a new NaP tablet formulation with that of 2L PEG solution plus bisacodyl tablets in adults undergoing colonoscopy...

..04). CONCLUSIONS: Liquid sodium phosphate is better tolerated and more effective at colon cleansing when compared with sodium phosphate in tablet form...

..Two liters of PEG-ELS with a stimulant laxative is safe and effective for colonoscopy...

..This prospective study was designed to look at the quality of colon preparation using polyethylene glycol solution and evaluate potential associations between specific patient characteristics and inadequate bowel preparation...

..We compared a new 2 L solution of PEG plus ascorbic acid (PEG + Asc) with standard 4 L PEG with electrolytes (PEG + E) for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy to determine efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability...

..This study suggests that a low-residue diet kit, given in conjunction with polyethylene glycol electrolyte or magnesium citrate and bisacodyl, produces adequate colon cleansing and patient tolerability...

..The bowel purgative Visicol contains microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) residue, which may impair full visibility during a colonoscopy. An MCC residue-free sodium phosphate (RF-NaP; OsmoPrep) tablet was developed...

..Colonoscopic preparations are defectively tolerated among many very old patients and the quality of preparation is often inadequate...

..It was assumed that with the improvement in surgical technique together with the use of more effective prophylactic antibiotics, it was possible that MBP would no longer be necessary...

..There is little scientific evidence to support the routine practice of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before elective colorectal surgery in order to minimize the risk of postoperative septic complications...

..It could even be argued that these drugs should not be prescribed at all...

..The renal biopsies in each of these patients showed nephrocalcinosis as the possible cause of ARF. The renal failure improved at least partially in most of these patients, but persisted in rare cases...

..In recent literature the value of this procedure is under discussion. To verify the value of mechanical bowel preparation in elective open colon surgery, a randomized clinical trial was conducted...

..Tolerance to stimulant laxatives is uncommon. There is no indication for the occurrence of "rebound constipation" after stopping laxative intake. While laxatives may be misused, there is no potential for addiction...

..Reduced preparation was tolerated better than full endoscopic preparation by 61%. Reduced-laxative CTC with three doses of 20 ml 40% barium sulphate is as effective as more complex regimens, retaining adequate diagnostic accuracy...

..Oral sodium phosphate solution had similar tolerability, but was considered to be more acceptable than commercially available oral sodium phosphate tablets prior to colonoscopy (data from one study)...

..The overall response rate was 49%. Analysis focused on the 759 respondents who were 50 years or older...

..A literature search was undertaken to ascertain the evidence available regarding the use of MBP in elective colorectal surgery...

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..The patient had residual renal impairment at 8-month follow-up. Greater awareness of this complication is needed amongst health care professionals. The preventive strategies are discussed...

..Another 8-mm lesion was missed. CONCLUSION: In the present study, CT colonography after fecal tagging with 50 mL of barium combined with a reduced cathartic cleansing was feasible...

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..There is a trend toward the use of a shorter course of postoperative intravenous antibiotics and the use of sodium phosphate for mechanical cleansing...

..To assess whether elective colon and rectal surgery can be safely performed without preoperative mechanical bowel preparation...

..To compare the acceptability and efficacy of two methods of self administered bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: a single phosphate enema and a single sachet of Picolax...

..CONCLUSION: Picolax results in a significantly drier colon than Citramag and associated with more retained residue. We found Picolax the more suitable preparation for CT colonography...

..To determine the outcome of colorectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation...

..Sensitivity for polyp detection in patients with adequate stool labeling approaches the sensitivity for polyp detection in prepared colons...

..With a better understanding of the prevalence of OBD and its pathophysiology, a more aggressive approach to preventing and treating OBD is possible and will likely improve the quality of life of patients with pain...

..To compare reduced colonic cleansing based on dietary fecal tagging (FT) with standard (non-FT) colonic cleansing with regard to patient acceptance, sensitivity, and specificity...

..Two patients developed wound infections and one patient died with no autopsy evidence of anastomotic leak. CONCLUSION: Mechanical bowel preparation can safely be omitted prior to right hemicolectomy in patients with colonic cancer...

..Initial intervention should include dietary measures and fiber supplements; however, if fiber supplementation is ineffective, other agents can be used. Surgery should be reserved for patients who meet specific clinical criteria...

..001). With treatment, prune-based laxative administration decreased (P<.001). Thus, addition of a moderate amount of finely processed fiber to foods results in increased bowel frequency in institutionalized elderly individuals...

..Laxative abuse due to chronic constipation is rare and almost always associated with psychosomatic-psychiatric disorders...

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..The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate whether a single phosphate enema was as effective as oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution in preventing anastomotic leakage...

..This randomized, controlled trial was designed to compare oral sodium phosphate (Fleet) with Picoprep (sodium picosulfate-based preparation)...

..The aim of this study was to compare the bowel cleansing effect of NaP solution with that of PEG-EL solution and to evaluate whether the cleansing effect correlates with the time needed to perform colonoscopy...

..Serum electrolyte levels and incidence of adverse events were comparable between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bisacodyl is effective and safe in improving stool frequency and consistency in acute treatment of idiopathic constipation...

..005). In conclusion, this study shows that in patients with slow-transit constipation, the colonic motor response to a meal and to bisacodyl, as well as the perception of bisacodyl-induced propagated pressure waves is decreased...

..Children and adolescents who experience bowel dysfunction require patience and sensitive support from their health care providers so that they can live productive and emotionally healthy lives...

..Aspartame or its constituent amino acids may enhance phosphate absorption across the human small intestine...

..To successfully treat these disorders, a combination of family education, disimpaction and maintenance medications, a well-balanced diet, and behavior management is essential...

..There are many published trials of colon cleansing regimens for colonoscopy but no clear consensus regarding relative performance...

..This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy, side effects and patient acceptance of standard 4-liters polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 2 doses of sodium phosphate (NaP) solution for precolonoscopy colon cleansing...

..Aim To compare patient acceptance, preference and tolerability of 32-sodium phosphate tablets vs. 2L polyethylene glycol solution plus 4 bisacodyl tablets for bowel preparation...

..In addition, the mechanisms by which KGM modulated the bowel habit were explored...

..The primary aim of this study was to explore whether endoscopists can be effectively blinded to the type of bowel preparation...

..0 +/- 2.4 to 1.3 +/- 0.7 (P =.003). The mean effective dose was 0.84 g/kg/d (range, 0.27-1.42 g/kg/d). CONCLUSION: Daily administration of PEG at a mean dose of 0.8 g/kg is an effective, safe, and palatable treatment for constipation...

..In the near future, user-friendly biofeedback programs including home therapy may facilitate wider use of these methods for patients with dyssynergic defecation...

..Slow transit constipation, which is typically observed in diabetics, can be best controlled with polyethylene glycol, bisacodyl or sodium picosulphate...

..An adequate bowel cleansing is needed prior to radiologic and endoscopic procedures. However, it may have a number of adverse effects, including abnormalities of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis...

..Data on its safety and efficacy in infants are lacking. The goal of this study was to determine safety, efficacy, and optimal dose of polyethylene glycol powder for treatment of constipation in patients younger than 18 months...

..To assess the safety of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 laxative without additional salts in pediatric patients...

..CONCLUSION: PEG+E, administered orally at a dose equivalent to eight 13.8 g sachets (1 L) per day over three days, was a highly effective and well tolerated therapy for the treatment of severe constipation and faecal impaction...

..Relief of constipation tends to normalise these findings suggesting that these changes are secondary to, rather than a cause of, constipation...

..Recommendations for relative and absolute contraindications to the use of oral sodium phosphate are described...

..A colon free of faecal residue is required for accurate diagnostic colonoscopy. Patient tolerance of his/her colonoscopy cathartic regimen affects patient compliance and willingness to undergo repeated examinations...

..The objective of this report is to describe a cost-effective strategy for management of constipation in nursing home residents with dementia...

..95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lactulose accelerates colonic transit. However, compared with polyethylene glycol, transit during lactulose is prolonged...

..We evaluate prospectively effectiveness, tolerance, predictive factors of failure and complications of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis (HRP)...

..However, no large randomised controlled trials exist evaluating the efficacy of either laxative...

..indicates that endogenous C24 dihydroxy- bile acids (chenodeoxycholic and/or deoxycholic acid) act as natural cathartics by inducing colonic secretion and colonic propulsion...

..These studies aim to define the mechanisms of, and evaluate new therapies for dyssynergia, rectal hyposensitivity and rectal hypersensitivity, and could significantly impact constipation treatments. ..

..These studies aim to define the mechanisms of, and evaluate new therapies for dyssynergia, rectal hyposensitivity and rectal hypersensitivity, and could significantly impact constipation treatments. ..

..These studies aim to define the mechanisms of, and evaluate new therapies for dyssynergia, rectal hyposensitivity and rectal hypersensitivity, and could significantly impact constipation treatments. ..

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..Contribution: This foundational study will provide basic information about the survival patterns of injured elders as a basis for the development of interventions to improve geriatric survival. ..

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..Significance: This project will characterize pharmacogenetic mechanisms determining the response to clonidine through studies of candidate genes that control alpha2-adrenoreceptor function and norepinephrine transport in IBS. ..

..To capitalize on this rich environment, trainees will have 80% of their time protected to participate in the formal coursework, interactive seminar series, and mentorship from a team of research preceptors. ..

..Longer term implications for the results of this study include the potential investigation of this agent as a therapeutic intervention for conditions such as obesity and binge eating disorder. ..

..This proposal will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and assess novel approaches to manage FI. ..

..The studies will also provide further understanding of the potential of medications like medical marijuana on stomach function that may be relevant to appetite control. ..

..This proposal will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and assess novel approaches to manage FI. ..

..at the top of each printed page and each continuation page. RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Numbers Face Page 1 Description, ..

..It will also identify physiological and genetic factors that predict therapeutic success in the treatment of obesity with sibutramine. ..

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..Ultimately, the proposed research studies, didactic coursework, and mentoring hopefully will lead to successful R01 applications. ..

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..This study will provide data on genetic susceptibility in endometrial cancer in conjunction with established risk factors, as well as the first epidemiologic data on the more lethal serous and clear cell tumors. ..

..colonoscopy as a surveillance tool. Ultimately, this trial will produce pilot data to determine if a randomized controlled trial of fecal MTAP vs. colonoscopy for colon adenoma surveillance should be performed...

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..Pathology and Muclin expression will be compared in CF mice, and CF mice crossed with gastrin deficient mice (lack gastric acid secretion) to normalize intestinal Ph. ..

..That over expresses Muclin in the pancreatic acinar cell using the rat elastase promoter to direct cell specific expression. ..