sorbitol

Two enzymes are involved in the polyol pathway: an aldose reductase that reduces glucose in sorbitol followed by its oxidation in fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase...

..In this study, we establish sorbitol as a novel physiological stressor that directs TDP-43 to stress granules in Hek293T cells and primary cultured ..

..eae probes and agglutination in anti-O157 lipopolysaccharide serum, we isolated stx(2)-positive and eae-positive sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:NM (nonmotile) strains from initial stool ..

BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sugar malabsorption (lactose, fructose, sorbitol) may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome...

Cells adapt to hyperosmotic conditions by several mechanisms, including accumulation of sorbitol via induction of the polyol pathway. Failure to adapt to osmotic stress can result in apoptotic cell death...

These experiments were undertaken to assess the importance of cytoplasmic (c) sorbitol oxidation versus mitochondrial (m) pyruvate oxidation in mediating neural and vascular dysfunction attributable to hyperglycemia in diabetic rats...

..flanked by segments of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 O islands 43, 81, and 82 was identified in sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H(-) strain 493/89...

..8% (8/68) of the positive farms. From these eight farms, a total of 43 sorbitol-negative E. coli O157:H7 were collected...

..It was therefore of interest whether a fructose-reduced diet could not only improve gastrointestinal complaints but also depressive signs seen in fructose malabsorbers...

b>Sorbitol accumulation and transmembrane efflux in JS1 schwannoma cells were examined during osmotic stress in the presence of a sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD) inhibitor and following return to iso-osmotic conditions...

..Shiga toxins are considered to be the most important virulence factor of EHEC strains. Non-sorbitol-fermenting EHEC O157:H7 is still the most prevalent serotype isolated worldwide; however, sorbitol-fermenting (SF)..

..Two major monosaccharides, sorbitol and fructose, are present in semen...

..Although mice showed high affinity for a low-energy fat substitute--sorbitol fatty acid esters and low-concentration linoleic acid solution--they did not exhibit a place preference toward a ..

..enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)-hlyA, katP, espP, etpD, sfpA and the flagellar fliC gene, in nine sorbitol-fermenting (SF), beta-glucuronidase-positive E...

..We investigated the relationship between ALR2 levels and human DR by measuring ALR2 activity and its product, sorbitol, in erythrocytes.

..A second differential medium was designed for both sorbitol-positive and -negative O157 STEC strains...

..biosensor based on molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized polymers is reported as the first case of imprinting sorbitol. A relevant molecularly imprinted film is prepared by o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) using the electrochemical method...

..We previously demonstrated that exogenously supplied dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), an oxidized, blood-brain barrier transportable form of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA), improves outcome after experimental stroke...

This study investigated the role of sorbitol, a metabolic product of glucose, in the pathogenesis of rat diabetic cystopathy...

..To address this issue, we investigated the effect of epalrestat (150 mg/day), an ARI, on erythrocyte sorbitol levels as an index of polyol activation and on nerve function test results in 43 patients with diabetic ..

..with indirect UV detection at 215 nm was applied for the separation and determination of mannitol (MA), sorbitol (SO) and xylitol in the form of anionic borate-polyol complexes...

The plasmid-borne sfpA gene encodes the pilin subunit in sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H-. We investigated the distribution of sfpA among 600 E. coli isolates comprising the complete E...

..laboratory and brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic stresses induced by adding either NaCl or sorbitol to their cultures were compared by clustering DNA microarray data...

b>Sorbitol is a low-calorie sugar alcohol that is largely used as an ingredient in the food industry, based on its sweetness and its high solubility...

..Diapause termination requires a decrease in the sorbitol concentration, which arrests embryonic development, and the secretion factors from yolk cells that promote ..

b>Sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H(-) have emerged as important causes of diarrheal diseases and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany...

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) in sorbitol has been demonstrated to cause colonic necrosis in a subset of uremic patients who are administered the cation exchange resin for treatment of hyperkalemia...

..pastoris, the effect of sorbitol/methanol mixed substrates was tested in batch and fed-batch cultures...

The replacement of glucose by sorbitol in growth medium causes selection of astroglial cells from heterogeneous primary cultures derived from the brains of newborn mice...

b>Sorbitol is a major photosynthetic product and a major phloem-translocated component in Rosaceae (e.g. apple, pear, peach, and cherry)...

The large virulence plasmid pSFO157 of sorbitol-fermenting E. coli O157:H(-) strain 3072/96 has a size of 121,239bp and contains 96 open reading frames >50bp. It is therefore 29,162bp larger (ca. 32%) than plasmid pO157 of E...

The polyol pathway consists of two enzymes aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH); the former is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, the latter is the second one, ..

The cDNAs of two sorbitol transporters, common plantain (Plantago major) polyol transporter (PLT) 1 and 2 (PmPLT1 and PmPLT2), were isolated from a vascular bundle-specific cDNA library from common plantain, a dicot plant transporting Suc ..

Both sorbitol and sucrose are translocated to, and utilized in, sink tissues of apple (Malus domestica)...

..Random mutagenesis of RMC26 produced defects in the sorbitol phosphotransferase system that prevented the transport of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol into the cell...

..Together, our results demonstrate important roles of OSM1/SYP61 in osmotic stress tolerance and in the ABA regulation of stomatal responses...

In peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Redhaven), sorbitol is a primary photosynthetic product and may play an important role in the budbreak process...

b>Sorbitol-fermenting (SF) Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H- strains are emerging as causes of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Europe...

..Together, these data suggest that increased PLD2 activity in the lens under hyperglycemic condition might impair its osmoregulatory mechanism and reduce its ability to cope with the osmotic stress triggered by sorbitol accumulation.

..The enzyme catalyzed the NAD-dependent oxidation of xylitol and D-sorbitol and the NADH-dependent reduction of D-xylulose and D-fructose...

..Here, we show that hyperosmolar concentrations of sorbitol activate the EGFR in human keratinocytes...

..The accumulation of cGMP in response to 0.4 M sorbitol was reduced after rapA antisense RNA induction and was enhanced in cells expressing the constitutively activated ..

..d-Arabitol sensitivity also occurs in sorbitol-constitutive strains and is shown, like the previous two instances of pentitol toxicities, to result from a ..

Although malabsorption of small amounts of fructose-sorbitol mixtures occurs frequently in healthy humans, insights into their effects on gastrointestinal motility are poor...

..Growing evidence indicates that both increased activity of the sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress are the leading factors in the pathogenesis of ..

The enzyme NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is well characterized in the Rosaceae family of fruit trees, which synthesizes sorbitol as a translocatable photosynthate...

..Furthermore, increased polyol pathway flux results in elevated sorbitol concentrations in peripheral tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of diabetics with neuropathy...

Batch-wise sorbitol addition as a co-substrate at the induction phase of methanol fed-batch fermentation by Pichia pastoris (Mut(+)) was proposed as a beneficial recombinant protein production strategy and the metabolic responses to ..

Important dietary carbohydrates such as fructose and sorbitol are incompletely absorbed in the normal small intestine...

..In order to enhance cell viability and volumetric recombinant protein productivity, sorbitol, which had been confirmed to be a non-repressive carbon source, was added together with methanol during the ..

..of flux through this pathway can be blocked through inhibition of either of 2 enzymes, aldose reductase (AR) or sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)...

This study investigated the role of the sorbitol pathway on the genetic up-regulation of the cardiac M(2) muscarinic receptor (M(2)-mAChR) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats...

..The optimal condition for soluble scFv expression could be obtained by adding 0.5M sorbitol to the culture medium...

..5%) of 86 sorbitol-fermenting (SF) EHEC O157:NM strains had Te MICs of </=4 microg/ml, did not grow on Te-containing media, and ..

..Genetic evidence is presented showing that at least one further mutation is required for the sorbitol dependence of srb1(D276)...

..Characterization of the sis1 mutant revealed that it is allelic to ctr1, a previously identified mutant with a constitutive response to ethylene...

A potential prebiotic action has been ascribed to sorbitol, but in vivo evidence of this remains scarce. In the present work, the effect of sorbitol was compared to that of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in a rat model...

..0.25 mg F0- , xylitol 159 mg and sorbitol 153 mg) in the evenings in FAP...

The sfp gene cluster, unique to sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:NM strains, encodes fimbriae that mediate mannose-resistant hemagglutination in laboratory E...

Vibrio cholerae can be differentiated into epidemic and non-epidemic strains by sorbitol fermentation speed, but little research has been done on its mechanisms...

..In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of sorbitol in inhibiting the growth of pneumococci, as sorbitol is widely used for indications similar to those for which ..

The advantages of mixed feeds of sorbitol and methanol for the production of recombinant proteins with Pichia pastoris were analyzed quantitatively...

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..selective non-carboxylic acid, non-hydantoin inhibitors of AR yet described (IC50, 1 nM; ED90 vs sciatic nerve sorbitol and fructose, respectively, 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg)...

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..acid aldose reductase inhibitor, 24, which shows remarkably potent oral activity in normalizing elevated sorbitol levels and, more significantly, fructose levels in the sciatic nerve of chronically diabetic rats, with ED(90) ..

..pathway, evident by the reduced hexokinase activity and increased polyol pathway enzymes aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activity causing accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in diabetic conditions...

..Messenger RNA and the protein expression of aldose reductase (AR) and the intracellular sorbitol and fructose contents were up-regulated in IMS32 under high glucose conditions compared with normal glucose ..

..kg(-1) . day(-1)) for 6 weeks starting from induction of diabetes. Sorbitol pathway intermediate, but not glucose, accumulation in sciatic nerve and retina was completely prevented in ..

..Alterations in the activities of enzymes HK (hexokinase), AR (aldose reductase), SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase), G-6-PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione ..

..In order to evaluate the possible involvement of sorbitol in sperm physiology, Western blot of tissue homogenates were probed with an anti-sorbitol dehydrogenase antibody...

D-Mannitol and D-sorbitol were produced enzymatically from D-fructose using NAD-dependent polyol dehydrogenases. For the production of D-mannitol the Leuconostoc mesenteroides mannitol dehydrogenase could be used...

..tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of bacterial Mt1D and GutD genes into loblolly pine has been developed and this could be useful for the future studies on engineering breeding of conifers...

..mutans in the presence of various dietary carbohydrates: sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-glucitol (D-sorbitol), D-mannitol and xylitol...

..Two D-fructose reducing, NAD-dependent intracellular enzymes were present in the G. oxydans cell-free extract: sorbitol dehydrogenase, and mannitol dehydrogenase...

..medium was raised from 335 up to 500 mOsm/kg using either ionic (sodium chloride) or non-ionic osmotic agents (sorbitol and fructose)...

Concentrations of D-glucose, D-fructose and D-sorbitol were quantified in porcine epididymal fluid by spectrofluorimetric assays and aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were located immunohistochemically in the ..

..The concentrations of fructose, inositol, sorbitol, erythritol, and ribitol were significantly higher in coelomic and amniotic fluids than in maternal serum, but ..

..b>Sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerves of diabetic AR(+/+) mice were increased significantly, whereas sorbitol levels in ..

..In this study, alternative carriers like mannitol, glucose, sorbitol, maltitol and xylitol have therefore been evaluated for their potential use in DPI formulations...

..In its natural environment, these two different sensing mechanisms would enable the alga to utilize a mixture of different substrates in a most economic way by repressing dispensible transporters...

..Elevations in vagus nerve hexose (glucose and fructose) and polyol levels (sorbitol), and their normalization with insulin treatment, verified that the STZ treatment resulted in hyperglycemia-..

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The polyol pathway consists of two enzymes, aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)...

In this report, we made use of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient mutant mice (C57BL/LiA) to test whether there is a close correlation between the level of polyol accumulation and the degree of reduction in motor nerve conduction ..

..Herein we report that several nitric oxide (NO) donors prevent ex vivo synthesis of sorbitol in erythrocytes obtained from diabetic or nondiabetic rats...

..A novel compatible solute for bacteria, sorbitol, which enhances growth of Z. mobilis at glucose concentrations exceeding 0.83 M (15%), is described...

The effects of glycerol, polyethylene glycol, fructose, glucose, sorbitol, and saccharose on the conformation and catalytic activity of alpha-chymotrypsin were studied in 0...

..Supplementation of sucrose, sorbitol or NaCl to the growth medium shifted nuclear organization, observed by fluorescence and electron microscopy, ..

..Both low and high doses of fidarestat (i.e., the doses that partially and completely inhibited sorbitol pathway hyperactivity) arrested diabetes-induced retinal lipid peroxidation...

BACKGROUND: Glucose is converted to sorbitol and then to fructose via the polyol pathway that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of organ damage...

Along with sucrose, sorbitol represents the main photosynthetic product and form of translocated carbon in peach...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PKC, especially PKC-alpha activity, is decreased in Schwann cells exposed to high glucose and that this deficit is mediated through polyol pathway hyperactivity...

The polyol pathway is a two-step metabolic pathway in which glucose is reduced to sorbitol, which is then converted to fructose...

..the inhibitory activity against AR of EA and TEA in vitro, and EA in vivo by measurement of the accumulation of sorbitol, which is the product of glucose reduction catalyzed by AR...

..The model predicts the partitioning of carbon into sucrose, sorbitol, glucose and fructose in the mesocarp of peach fruit...

..NMR spectroscopic analysis of compatible osmolytes revealed the presence of sorbitol, glucose, betaine, alanine and mannitol in dehydrated embryos...

..that administration of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased sorbitol accumulation in the aorta of nondiabetic and diabetic rats, whereas treatment with L-arginine (a precursor of NO) ..

..In renal epithelial cells four major osmolytes exist, glycerophosphorylocholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol, and sorbitol. Our studies of whole animals and MDCK cells indicated that each osmolyte can be regulated independently but the ..

..A major focus will be on osmolytes of mammalian kidney, including the compatible osmolytes sorbitol and inositol, and the counteracting osmolytes glycerolphosphoryl choline (GCP) and betaine...

..during hyperglycemia and the activated enzyme is glycosylated, leading to an increased reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Further studies will be performed to establish the mechanism and the site of activation of aldose reductase and ..

..g. sorbitol) was followed by the findings that (a) HSV encodes two isomers of US3 designated US3 and US3...

..These parasite lines will be used phenotypic assays, such as sorbitol lysis and whole-cell patch clamp...

..g. phenylketonurics and diabetics). Moreover, altered sugar alcohol substitute sweeteners, i.e. sorbitol, xylitol, that have been marketed as noncariogenic sweeteners, and more recently as sweeteners for low ..

..mice and the wild-type mice with normal PARP content; and 3) to identify contribution of two enzymes of the sorbitol pathway, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, and individual reactive oxygen species to high glucose-..

..Phase II consists of a six-month pilot RCT of xylitol solution versus control (sorbitol) solution administered once daily or three times a day to children six to 24 months old for six months...

..b>Sorbitol, which can be produced within cells when intracellular glucose is elevated, likewise is increased in the retina ..

..The accumulation of organic osmolytes (sorbitol, myo-inositol, taurine) normally protects the lens against osmotic imbalance by maintaining intracellular osmotic ..

..The conversion of tissue glucose to sorbitol by the enzyme aldose reductase (AR), has been implicated as a potential mechanism leading to sugar cataract in ..

..In polyol pathway, glucose is reduced to sorbitol by aldose reductase (AR) and subsequently oxidized to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)...

..g., eliminates the increases in advanced glycation end-products, protein kinase C activity, sorbitol concentration, and hexosamine pathway flux...

..is regulated by a rate limiting enzyme, aldose reductase (AKR1B), that is involved in the reduction of glucose to sorbitol and detoxification of reactive carbonyls and lipid dialdehydes, utilizing NADPH as the cofactor...

..GSH-peroxidase knockout mice will be used for specific aim #3. The levels of sorbitol, fructose, glycated proteins, AGE, ATP, GSH, malonaldehyde (MDA) and the chaperone activity of alpha-crystallin ..

..of biochemical and functional alterations, including reduced peripheral nerve conduction velocity, elevated sorbitol levels, decreased myo- inositol content and diminished Na+,K+-ATPase activity...