dietary sucrose

..Although more research is needed, sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle...

..Of the six reviews, two concluded that the evidence was strong, one that an association was probable, while three described it as inconclusive, equivocal or near zero. Reasons for some discrepancies are presented...

..There is currently no convincing evidence for a role of GI independent of GL...

..In the long term, this might be beneficial for weight maintenance. However, the number of studies is small and overall conclusions, in particular for the long term, cannot be drawn...

..Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes...

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..It is important to consider the effects of macronutrients in lean as well as obese mice to clarify the pathogenesis of the metabolic disorders...

..Overall, the available evidence did not support a single quantitative sugar guideline covering all health issues...

..34, 2.16) compared with those who gained less weight (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.41). Relatively frequent intake of soft drinks and juice is associated with an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes in Chinese men and women...

..Research recommendations were made to improve our understanding of the association of HFCS and weight gain...

..But its effect on lipogenesis and triglyceridemia has to be taken into account, considering the growing use of fructose in food industry and sugar-sweetened drinks...

..To examine associations between use of school vending machines and fast-food restaurants and youth intake of sugar-sweetened beverages...

..This review focuses on the potential role of sugar drinks, particularly the fructose component, in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases...

..The results of the analysis indicate that fructose does not cause biologically relevant changes in TG or body weight when consumed at levels approaching 95th percentile estimates of intake...

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..However, detrimental effects on BMI development may emerge when added sugar intakes are increased to higher levels...

..Thus, the need to replenish depleted energy stores during periods of starvation may be met through the activity of a taste-independent metabolic sensing pathway...

..To test whether the nature of the carbohydrate affects metabolic responses, we conducted a randomized cross-over study using a short-term, intensive dietary modification...

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..To identify if particular foods or food groups may be associated with obesity in children and adolescents and to determine if consuming food away from home (FAFH) has an effect on the nutritional quality of their diets...

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..Finally, we present evidence that some members of the Gr64 gene family are transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA, providing a mechanism for the coexpression of multiple sugar receptors in the same taste neurons...

..No known studies have examined the association between the consumption of added sugars and lipid measures...

..To quantify the association among soft drink availability, school-based purchases, and overall consumption for elementary school children in the United States...

..Previous short-term studies (< or =6 h) showed differences in energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation in response to overfeeding with different types of dietary carbohydrate. This finding could have implications for obesity...

..To determine the associations between 1) exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in middle schools and student consumption of SSB during the school day; and 2) school district policies about SSB and exposure to SSB in schools...

..Cholecystokinin (CCK) slows gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to determine plasma CCK concentrations during fasting and in response to small-intestine nutrient infusion in critically ill patients...

..Therefore, consumption of bakery products and sweetened soft drinks should be moderated, and priority given to consumption of low-fat, low-sugar yogurt...

..We also review the New Zealand government's response to obesity and suggest policy interventions that would foster healthier eating behaviors...

..Caries rates mirrored those of the developing countries with untreated lesions dominating all ages. The high level of untreated caries in all age groups is a cause for concern...

..To measure the association between dental caries and obesity in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years attending state and private schools...

..To investigate the metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose in type II diabetic patients...

..Examining past studies of the contribution of added sugars and fats to obesity rates through the prism of food prices and diet costs is the purpose of this review...

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..was to examine the effect of the eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaf extract (ELE) on adiposity due to dietary sucrose in rats. In addition, in this study, the effect of ELE on intestinal fructose absorption was also examined...

..Consequences of the identified role of habit and parental norms in the interplay between sedentary behaviour and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescents are discussed...

..It is the responsibility of national authorities to ensure implementation of feasible fluoride programmes for their country...

..The study provided insight into various factors, useful for monitoring children at risk of developing early childhood caries...

..In preventive work, dental health care staff could offer support to those parents with risk factors in their child rearing tasks...

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..The beneficial effect on body weight of reducing SSB consumption increased with increasing baseline body weight, offering additional support for American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines to limit SSB consumption...

..Our objective was to examine the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women...

..The aim of this study was to quantify glucose absorption and the relationships between GE, glucose absorption and glycaemia in critically ill patients...

..The partial correlation showed that positive relation between mean daily eating/drinking episodes and plaque was not influenced by tooth brushing...

..Previous studies have linked full-calorie sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with greater weight gain and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes...

..We conclude that flies sense and respond to specific nutrients and that food presentation is a major factor which determines the sensitivity of flies to dietary restriction...

..We determined associations between diet soda consumption and risk of incident metabolic syndrome, its components, and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis...

..Lipogenic enzyme activities and triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver were significantly increased by dietary sucrose, and arabinose significantly prevented these increases...

..Additionally, the risk of MS colonization appears lower among infants who consume milk rather than sweetened beverages in the bottle...

..This study contrasted physical activity, fruit/vegetable consumption, and discretionary calorie consumption from selected foods relative to the 2005 dietary guidelines...

..Research on trends in consumption of added sugar and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the United States has largely focused on calorically sweetened beverages and ignored other sources...

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..To investigate the relationships between socio-demographic factors, infant feeding habits, oral hygiene and the prevalence and patterns of caries in Brazilian 3-4-year-olds...

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..The role of artificial sweeteners in body-weight regulation is still unclear...

..mutans colonization...

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..We aimed to determine the frequency and content of television food advertisements during children's viewing times on various New Zealand television channels...

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..We describe associations among caries experience and intakes of dairy foods, sugared beverages, and nutrients and overall diet quality in young children...

..Higher caries scores were also associated with areas of low urbanization. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this survey indicated a high level of untreated caries among children in Taiwan...

..The diet may influence the development of abdominal obesity, but the few studies that have prospectively examined the relations between diet and changes in waist circumference (WC) have given inconsistent results...

..To test the hypothesis that family dietary coaching would improve nutritional intakes and weight control in free-living (noninstitutionalized) children and parents...

..The multifactorial knowledge of the caries aetiology motivates us to search for new, more sensitive indexes...

..Health workers need to provide new and pertinent oral health messages, nutrition counseling, attention to diet, and reinforcement with parents, food preparers, health facilities, and intermediate and secondary schools...

..Obese patients, from among women constituted 80%, paid attention to fat content in their daily diet...

..To measure the types and quantities of energy-dense, nutrient-poor 'extra' foods consumed by Australian children and adolescents and their contribution to total energy and nutrient intakes...

..To assess the oral health knowledge of mothers of children with cleft lip and/or palate, analyzing the practical application of this information on the basis of the oral hygiene of the children and caries prevalence of mothers and children...

..Fat supplementation in horses may therefore promote greater flexibility in the selection of substrate to meet energy demands for optimal health and performance...

..The purpose of this study was to compare cariogenic factors and acidogenic ability of bacteria between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free children in Beijing, China...

..The authors conducted a study to test the hypothesis that high consumption of soft drinks, relative to milk and 100 percent fruit juice, is a risk factor for dental caries in low-income African-American children in Detroit...

..01, 95% CI 1.10, 3.68), children consuming less sugar (OR = 5.01; 95% CI 2.57, 9.76) and in those with AD (OR=3.99; 95% CI 1.56, 10.19). Children with AD had better caries status than children without AD at younger ages...

..Three-day, self-reported dietary data was obtained, together with information on toothbrushing habits. A dental examination was carried out using BASCD survey methodology...

..Meals plans are included. This paper follows on from Part 1 (Journal of Family Health Care 2007; 17(5): 167-170) which reviewed the risks of micronutrient deficiencies...

..To assess the intake of sugar-added beverages such as soft drinks and commercially available fruit juices in kindergarten children, and to examine its association with obesity indices, physical activity levels and dietary habits...

..To describe changes in dietary patterns of adolescent girls in Hawaii from 2001 to 2003...

..To report and compare risk and preventive factors for caries in high- and low-risk adolescents, from a 4-year cohort study on commonly used preventive measures for caries in adolescents in the Swedish Public Dental Service...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with caries in children aged 6 to 24 months as part of a cross-sectional analysis...

..In future preventive programs, the importance of nutrition should not only be emphasized with respect to general diseases but also with regard to carious lesions...

..Relationships among sugars and dental caries in contemporary societies are unclear. The authors describe young children's intakes of nonmilk extrinsic (NME) and intrinsic/milk sugars and relate those intakes to dental caries...

..We have reviewed the effects of sugars on overweight, diabetes Type 2 and caries, and the intake of carbohydrates in simple and complex forms in the Norwegian population...

..The authors compared retrospective dietary patterns, oral hygiene behaviors and current oral health status of methamphetamine users and nonusers in a pilot study...

..Obesity in the United States and similar societies may be a socioeconomic, as opposed to a medical, problem and one that is related to diet structure and diet costs...

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..More randomized clinical trials are needed to examine the relative utility of different putative dietary factors in the treatment of obesity...

..Further research should examine in a prospective intervention whether enhancing parenting skills is an effective route to preventing childhood caries...

..In the absence of more widespread oral health promotion measures and in the presence of high prevalence and severity of caries,the oral health of Jordanian children is a matter of concern...

..In conclusion, no important changes in caries prevalence have taken place during the last 15 years. The frequency of tooth-brushing and immigrant background had a significant association with caries prevalence...

..In conclusion, intensive treatment of caries in young children was associated with prevention both primary and secondary caries...

..9 +/- 3.9 and 1.9 +/- 2.5, respectively; p = 0.032). We conclude that a persistently high sucrose intake increases the risk of dental caries in children...

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..Between-meal consumption of sugar remains a risk factor for the occurrence of dental caries, especially in populations with moderate-to-high levels of dental caries experience...

..S. dietary data, we explored trends in caloric sweetener intake, the role of urbanization and income changes in explaining these trends, and the contribution of specific foods to these changes...

..In addition, the impact of GI on food intake and body weight regulation in the long term needs to be investigated...

..This paper summarizes the evidence available for such a guideline and the nature of that evidence. Other low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Africa, may face a similar dilemma and might learn from our experience...

..The addition of DHEA prevents hepatic lipid accumulation and further ameliorates insulin sensitivity. The beneficial metabolic effects of such combined steroid therapy may, therefore, eventually prove to be clinically relevant...

..Early educational intervention programs for pregnant women and mothers of young children should be developed based on the risk factors identified in this study...

..Changing patterns of food consumption and the widespread exposure to various fluoride vehicles are possibly altering the diet-dental caries dynamic that once existed...

..by a number of virulence factors including an adhesin (P1), which promotes colonization in the absence of dietary sucrose and the ability of this species to withstand the effects of low pH caused by the homofermentation of sugars...

..by a number of virulence factors including an adhesin (P1), which promotes colonization in the absence of dietary sucrose and the ability of this species to withstand the effects of low pH caused by the homofermentation of sugars...

..In addition to the natural history of infection and availability of colonization sites as well as dietary sucrose intake, there is data to indicate that the development of the host's immunity to MS is also involved in ..

..In addition to the natural history of infection and availability of colonization sites as well as dietary sucrose intake, there is data to indicate that the development of the host's immunity to MS is also involved in MS ..

..In addition to the natural history of infection and availability of colonization sites as well as dietary sucrose intake, there is data to indicate that the development of the host's immunity to MS is also involved in ..

..In addition to the natural history of infection and availability of colonization sites as well as dietary sucrose intake, there is data to indicate that the development of the host's immunity to MS is also involved in ..

..suggest that these organisms are cariogenic in a well-characterized rat model, especially in the presence of dietary sucrose. The long term goals of our research are therefore to define the structural basis for streptococcal amylase-..

..to inflict damage is strongly linked to the production of long chain glucose polymers (glucans) derived from dietary sucrose which allow the bacteria possesses a family of genes that express enzymes called glucosyltransferases (GTF)...

..In this application, we test the hypothesis that dietary sucrose provokes lipoapoptosis in susceptible mice and leads to steatohepatitis...

..In this application, we test the hypothesis that dietary sucrose provokes lipoapoptosis in susceptible mice and leads to steatohepatitis...

..Spatial analyses and multilevel regression models will be used to test the hypothesis that physical and economic access to foods sources may predict dietary energy density and obesity rates. ..

..By promoting interagency collaborations, these efforts will help the NIH develop a roadmap on how to effectively translate research findings into national, state, and local health policy. ..

..Spatial analyses and multilevel regression models will be used to test the hypothesis that physical and economic access to foods sources may predict dietary energy density and obesity rates. ..

..Because alcohol marketing is already regulated, if certain marketing techniques are disproportionately associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality, the findings can be used to inform public policy. ..

..The primary outcome is a change in weight between the beginning of the study and the end of 30 months of follow-up. ..

..The primary outcome is BMI Z scores at ages 24-30 months. (End of Abstract) ..

..Findings from this study will help create more wide scale, multi-component, and sustaining interventions in community settings targeting obesity and metabolic disease reduction in high-risk minority communities. ..

..Our results may help decision-makers formulate guidelines and direct future aspartame studies. Even a null finding would be important in this context. ..

..The findings will be useful to inform future community and population level interventions to promote healthy eating, active living, and obesity control. ..

..SOPARC can potentially be used for assessing future community level interventions as well as for population level surveillance of PA. ..

..We will use existing resources from 2,846 participants of the ongoing MrOS Sleep Study. If successful, our study could lay the groundwork for a melatonin trial for healthy aging in the elderly. ..

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..SOPARC can potentially be used for assessing future community level interventions as well as for population level surveillance of PA. ..

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..The findings will inform future HIV prevention interventions and provide guidance to CBOs as to whether control of alcohol outlets and neighborhood development may enhance the prevention of HIV transmission. ..

..Data from this pilot study will be of great value and will position the study team to effectively conduct future intervention studies to reduce oral health disparities. ..

..at the top of each printed page and each continuation page. RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Numbers Face Page 1 Description, ..

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..The second goal is to employ this set of procedures to assess the role of the CB1 receptor system in cocaine's reinforcing effects and relapse to cocaine seeking. ..

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..Volunteers enrolled in a randomized cross-over feeding study will be asked to eat two additional meals; we will monitor the postprandial responses by measuring biomarkers in the blood for eight hours after the meals. ..

..The proposed experiments will investigate the role of heart failure-induced aldosterone release as a depressivogenic hormonal mechanism. ..

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..Elucidation of macrophage and T-cell cytokine responses to infection in G6PD deficiency may also be important in providing a mechanism of malaria protection alternative to currently accepted notions. ..

..Finding of the workshop will be used in a second workshop, to be organized by Dr. George Stookey, which will focus on the design of caries clinical trials and new diagnostic technology. ..

..Our approach uses natural compounds, is highly effective without suppressing the resident oral flora (non-microbiocidal) and may decrease exposure to fluoride. ..

..A central issue is determining modifiable environment factors that may reduce ethnic and socioeconomic differentials in health status. ..

..heat) challenges. These studies will be especially important for understanding mechanisms underlying pathological conditions such as hypertension and congestive heart failure where excess thirst and sodium intake have been documented. ..

..Our approach uses natural compounds, is highly effective without suppressing the resident oral flora (non-microbiocidal) and may decrease exposure to fluoride. ..

..We will also project the impacts of several childhood obesity intervention strategies. ..