root canal filling materials

..We found no significant difference in dye leakage between resected MTA (Group 1) and non-resected MTA (Group 2). Based on these results it appears that the resection of set MTA does not affect its sealing ability...

..There was no significant difference between amalgam and IRM. However IRM was also not significantly different from the other three groups. There were no significant differences between the other three groups...

..It was found that MTA apical barrier resisted displacement during gutta-percha condensation. Calcium hydroxide pretreatment, adversely affected white MTA sealing ability (P < 0.05)...

..028), there is no significant difference in the quantity of cementum or osseous healing associated with freshly placed or set MTA when used as root-end-filling material...

..MTA shows promise in our proposed treatment option of immature pulpless teeth if the sealing ability can be enhanced by improving the delivery technique...

..The dentin-mineral trioxide aggregate interfacial layer results from a similar reaction. The sealing ability, biocompatibility, and dentinogenic activity of mineral trioxide aggregate is attributed to these physicochemical reactions...

..MTA showed the most favorable periapical tissue response, with neoformation of cemental coverage over MTA. SuperEBA was superior to amalgam as a root-end filling material...

..Toxicologic aspects of the root canal sealers Acroseal, Epiphany, AH Plus, and castor oil polymer (COP) were analyzed using cell culture techniques...

..Both the engine-driven NiTi rotary systems proved to be safe and fast devices for the removal of endodontic filling material...

..It was concluded that Epiphany root canal sealer was the only material that presented intraosseous biocompatibility within the two analyzed periods...

..The use of GuttaFlow with a single gutta-percha master cone creates an apical seal that is equivalent to that produced with gutta-percha/AH Plus sealer using warm vertical compaction...

..Gutta-percha flowed significantly better into grooves and depressions at the 1-mm level when the System B plugger was inserted 3 mm from the working length compared with 5 mm and 4 mm from working length...

..One notable finding is the presence of dystrophic calcification in connective tissue adjacent to MTA; this finding is consistent with the hypothesis of hard tissue induction by this material...

..05). The antibacterial efficiency of the materials varied according to the tests used. It was concluded that the technique, time, and ingredients of the tested material can affect the results of the microbiological studies...

..MTA and Z-100 showed biocompatibility in this test model at both time periods. CONCLUSIONS: MTA and Z-100 composite were biocompatible at 4 and 12 weeks in this experimental model...

..62 mm) followed by Acroseal (7.25 mm) and ZOE (7.12 mm). E. faecalis was resistant to Epiphany and Polifil, while the primer and Acroseal sealer were effective against this microorganism under the tested conditions...

..If massive overfilling is recognized radiographically in molar regions, an examination using panoramic radiograph is indispensable to detect the gross extrusion into the maxillary sinus, such as in this case...

..At follow-up 12 months later, the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographically showed the initial repair of the radiolucent apical lesion...

..The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of mixing amoxicillin with three different sealers when freshly mixed and set...

..The review introduces clinicians to an alternative treatment strategy that might improve the healing outcomes for patients presenting with complex and challenging endodontic conditions...

..The apical seal was tested using a bacterial leakage model of Actinomyces viscosus. Results showed a statistically significant difference in only the 5 mm apical plug, which completely prevented bacterial leakage...

..Considering the importance of a coronal seal, the use of MTA for apical plugging appears to be a valid option...

..The antibacterial effectiveness of 7 different endodontic sealers, AH Plus, Apexit Plus, iRoot SP, Tubli Seal, Sealapex, Epiphany SE, and EndoRez against Enterococcus faecalis was studied in vitro...

..The data suggest that with "aging" in saline, current endodontic sealers decrease in in vitro cytotoxicity at different rates...

..027 for mineral trioxide aggregate, and p < 0.001 for sodium hypochlorite. Results indicated that root dentin was weakened after 5 weeks of exposure to calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, or sodium hypochlorite...

..The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of a new resin based sealer, EndoREZ in comparison with 5 other sealers: AH 26, Diaket, Sultan, Apexit, and RoekoSeal...

..Life table analysis suggested that 86% of teeth would still be present after 5 years. The number of teeth at risk was too small after 5 years to provide precise enough estimates of the percentage of survivors...

..To analyse the healing response to gutta-percha and Diaket when used as root-end filling materials in periradicular surgery...

..In the third case, the tooth, which had a divergent root canal system, was completely obturated with MTA and treatment was also completed over 2 appointments. In all 3 cases, signs of bone healing were observed after treatment...

..The presence of preoperative periapical radiolucencies did not affect the outcome or the treatment protocol...

..The purpose of this study was to test a new root canal sealer (Epiphany) and 5 other root canal sealers (Diaket, Endomethasone, AH 26, Sealapex, Sultan) for their antimicrobial effect on Enterococcus faecalis...

..To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), Calcicur, Sealapex and Vitapex in primary molar pulpectomies...

..The results showed that MTA permitted less endotoxin leakage than IRM and amalgam at 1, 2, 6, and 12 wk (p < 0.05), and leaked less than Super-EBA at 2 and 12 wk (p < 0.05)...

..To evaluate the biocompatibility of a resin-based endodontic filler (RealSeal) using the indirect cytotoxicity test...

..The current results support the need to continue to develop better endodontic sealers that combine the excellent sealing and bonding properties of resins with acceptable biological properties for endodontic applications...

..CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of toxicity depended on the choice of the endpoint and the cell-culture system. Nevertheless, MTA was ranked as the least cytotoxic cement in both cell systems...

..A comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol used as root canal filling materials in primary molars is presented.

..In 1999 a new material called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was introduced to the dental profession for clinical use which has the ability to create an apical plug within a few weeks...

..CONCLUSIONS: Both Diaket and MTA can support almost complete regeneration of the periradicular periodontium when used as root-end filling materials in periradicular surgery on noninfected teeth...

..MTA can be considered a very effective option for apexification with the advantage of reduced treatment time, good sealing ability and high biocompatibility...

..Success rates for calcium hydroxide apexification are high although risks such as reinfection and tooth fracture exist. Prospective clinical trials comparing this and one-visit apexification techniques are required...

..05) for either endodontic material. CONCLUSIONS: Regular (grey) and white MTA are not genotoxins and do not induce cellular death...

To study the effect of the smear layer on the penetration of bacteria along different root canal filling materials and to examine the dentine/sealer and sealer/core material interfaces for the presence of bacteria.

..The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effect in vitro and the tissue reaction of MTA and Portland cement in bone implantation in the mandibles of guinea pigs...

..CONCLUSIONS: MTA is a biocompatible material that stimulates periradicular tissue repair at the root-end situation; however, the nature of the newly formed tissues requires further elucidation...

..MTA appears to be a valid option for apexification with its main advantage being the speed at which the treatment can be completed...

..001). There was no significant difference in leakage between the laterally condensed group and the thermoplasticized group. The results suggest that gutta-percha obturation may provide an apical seal that is superior to MTA...

..coli; no antimicrobial activity in MTA, Sealapex and portland cement was observed. N-Rickert presented the largest inhibition zones varying from 8 to 18 mm, and the microorganism E. faecalis was resistant against all sealers tested...

..Dycal did not show inhibition or diffusion zones. Portland cements contain the same chemical elements as MTA except that MTA also contains bismuth...

..The results suggest that among the materials studied, the CRCS could have the least possibility of encouraging hard tissue deposition...

..It was possible to conclude that light-cure MTA was similar to MTA at 60 days, but it did not stimulate mineralization...

..However, larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the long-term success of this procedure...

..Furthermore, only MTA stimulated hard tissue deposition in direct contact with the retrofilling material, even when it was inserted under critical conditions...

..157). The results of this study provide evidence that storage of teeth in 10% formalin over a 4-week period may significantly influence dye leakage as compared to leakage in freshly extracted teeth...

..The case was followed up for 11 months. The indications and advantages of apical barrier placement, periapical surgery, and the role of PRP and HA in postsurgical healing are discussed...

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..In the medium-term clinical assessment, it has demonstrated a high success rate. Thus, MTA is a good substitute for calcium hydroxide in vital pulp procedures...

..52 +/- 0.23 mm; and positive controls, 3.57 +/- 1.13 mm. No significant differences were found among the experimental groups. However, positive controls leaked significantly more than all experimental groups at P <.001...

..In the medium-term clinical assessment, it has demonstrated a high success rate. Thus, MTA is a good substitute for calcium hydroxide in vital pulp procedures...

..There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The diode laser irradiation did not improve the apical sealing of MTA retrofillings under the conditions of this in vitro study...

..05). An explanation could be that MTA induced the expression of TIMP-2 in the dentin matrix and thereby possibly prevented destruction of the collagen matrix...

..To investigate the pulpal response to direct pulp capping in healthy human teeth with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as against calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) as control...

..1 +/- 17.8), whereas the greatest leakage was observed in the Ketac Endo and amalgam group (40.0 +/- 17.24). Samples filled with MTA showed significantly better sealing than samples filled with amalgam (p < 0.05)...

..Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the 4 experimental groups...

..Results suggest that apical moisture may affect MTA setting time or sealing ability initially and that intracanal MTA may take up to two days to set completely...

..The mean peak loads to fracture were recorded. The hybrid composite resin (BisFil II) was the only material significantly more fracture resistant than positive controls (p < 0.017)...

..Interaction of MTA with PBS may result in apatite deposition that improves the seal of MTA apical plugs with time...

..At a 2-year follow-up examination, no clinical abnormalities were found, and complete resolution of the alveolar bone lesion and establishment of a new periodontal ligament were observed...

..The temporary filling with a bactericidal agent (calcium hydroxide-based paste) did not improve the repair of perforations exposed to contamination, and the contaminated groups presented similar results to each other...

..The pulpal inflammation was also less in the MTA group as compared to the calcium hydroxide group at the end of 4 and 8 weeks...

..The results of these in vitro studies are not congruent with in vivo study results, suggesting a need to re-evaluate the clinical validity and importance of in vitro studies...

..05). Without development of severe inflammation, the seal augmentation efficacy of MTA orifice plugs could not be determined...

..Use of MTA in combination with Ca (OH)2 may initiate regeneration of the periodontium more quickly than either material used alone, but further studies involving MTA use in apical closure are indicated...

..48; df = 2; p = 0.787). Therefore, MTA provides an adequate seal even in cases of orthograde apical obturation of pulpless teeth with open apices...

..01). Results suggested that a 5 mm apical barrier of gray MTA, using two-steps, provided the best apical barrier...

..01). The MTA-gutta-percha group was not significantly different than the MTA unrestored positive control...

..Leakage was measured before root resection, and after 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm apical resections. Data were analyzed by means of a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance with P <.05...

..Furthermore, the potential for fractures of immature teeth with thin roots is reduced, as a bonded core can be placed immediately within the root canal...

..These conventional techniques and materials are reviewed along with a promising material called mineral trioxide aggregate...

..CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that mineral trioxide aggregate provides a superior seal in root-end-restorations...

..Results after 47 days indicated there were no significant differences between the three root-end filling materials against penetration of Prevotella nigrescens...

..In the 180-day period, Sealapex exhibited chronic inflammation in all the specimens and slight deposition of cementum over the material in only three cases. In conclusion, MTA exhibited better results than the control group...

..The aim of this study was to make a quantitative assessment of the sealing ability of Super-EBA, IRM, and Pro Root MTA root-end fillings subjected to 3 different finishing techniques...

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..05). However, there was a statistically significant main effect of test materials with Tetric demonstrating a significantly better seal than Pro Root or Cavit (p < 0.0001) irrespective of orifice depth...

..This maximum pore diameter, which corresponds to the largest leak in the sample, together with the size of bacteria and their metabolites, will be indicative of the eventual leakage along the root-end filling materials...

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..Microleakage was measured using a fluid transport model. The results showed that cavities prepared with Er:YAG laser have significantly lower microleakage for all tested materials...

..First, whether the root canal system should be prepared and obturated in a single visit, and, if not, which intervisit medication is appropriate. Secondly, the modern concepts and techniques for obturation of the root canal system...

..Roth 801 decreased cell viability counts for both fibroblasts and macrophages. Sealapex decreases macrophage viability. ProRoot MTA did not affect viability in either cell line...

..This finding may be of importance in the decision of treatment plans for teeth with pulp necrosis and immature root formation...

..However, further tests, especially in vivo biocompatibility tests, need to be conducted before Portland cement can be recommended for clinical use...

..All nine samples in group C had leaked after 19 days. It appears that under the conditions of this study both MTA preparations may be more resistant to human saliva leakage than vertically condensed gutta-percha and sealer...

..To evaluate the long-term sealing ability of a variety of materials when used as root-end fillings...

..A key strength of this project is the associated feedback mechanism that relates the clinical problem to both clinical and laboratory data, the integration of scientific principles into clinical practice. ..

..Thus, future improvements for preventing and treating post-radiation dentition breakdown depend on new knowledge of the underlying mechanism of radiation-induced damage at the tooth level. ..

..In the long-term, I would like to make significant contributions to science in the area of antifungal drug resistance. It is an exciting area of research and I feel strongly that I have the motivation to accomplish this goal. ..

..These points argue for a direct comparison of the medical and traditional model of care. ..