bone cements

..Since the practice of using undocumented implants has not changed, the register will continue to survey these implants. We plan to assess the mid- and long-term results of implants that have so far had good short-term results...

..Balloon kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of painful vertebral fractures, which is intended to reduce pain and improve quality of life. We assessed the efficacy and safety of the procedure...

..5 to 93.5) and for impending revision 55.3% (95% confidence interval 40.6 to 70) at 16 years. Uncemented acetabular components with polyethylene liners undergo silent lysis and merit regular long-term radiological review...

..Pedicle screw pullout testing in osteoporotic and control human cadaveric vertebrae, comparing augmented and control vertebrae...

..We studied long-term outcome based on data in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register...

..We present here an overview of bone grafts and graft substitutes available for clinical applications...

..Finally, the current state of evidence in support of the efficacy of vertebroplasty are discussed, with particular attention to the need for ongoing clinical trials...

....

..For a polished, tapered implant that is designed to subside, cement viscosity does not influence the 1-year migration, and it is therefore unlikely to affect long-term outcome...

..Furthermore, the tibial component can be either horizontally or completely cemented. We evaluated metal backing versus all-polyethylene using horizontal cementing technique...

..With the end point reoperation for aseptic stem loosening, the survivorship is 93.5% (95% confidence interval, 90.0%-97.0%). The reoperation rate for aseptic femoral component loosening is 3.23% into the 33rd year of follow-up...

..The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vesselplasty to treat symptomatic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs)...

..None of the metal-backed uncemented acetabular components with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene liners in our study had satisfactory long-term results because of high rates of wear, osteolysis, aseptic loosening and dislocation...

..In contrast to in vivo studies, the Calcibon CaP cement is not suitable as a scaffold for cell-based tissue-engineering strategies...

..Calcium sulfate is an alternative to PMMA, because it lacks the exothermic reaction, is potentially osteoconductive and is resorbed by the body in 30 to 60 days...

..Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence...

..Deficiencies of acetabular bone can be independently addressed and reconstructed providing initial stability and, we believe, long-term biologic fixation to host bone...

..Nevertheless, using a properly designed perforated screw will facilitate augmentation and instrumentation in osteoporotic spines...

..An in vivo landrace model of cement augmentation of pedicle screw was established, and axial pull-out tests and histological analysis were performed...

..All revision surgeries were performed using a two-stage procedure. No infection has recurred at a mean follow-up of 3 years 2 months...

..Many studies have found a higher risk of revision after hip arthroplasty in younger patients. We evaluated the population-based survival of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients under 55 years of age and the factors affecting survival...

....

..Specifically, following vertebroplasty, patients are at increased risk of new-onset adjacent-level fractures and, when these fractures occur, they occur sooner than non-adjacent level fractures...

..A comparative prospective trial evaluating 3-year outcome...

We performed a randomised, radiostereometric study comparing two different bone cements, one of which has been sparsely clinically documented. Randomisation of 60 total hip replacements (57 patients) into two groups of 30 was undertaken...

..Therefore, CT scans should be obtained to calculate the exact leakage rate and to assess persistent or new pain occurring postoperatively...

..14) related to the disc. The high-viscosity PMMA system is safe and effective for clinical use, allowing a significant reduction of extravasation rate and, thus, leakage-related complications...

..The possible surgical procedures range from repeated intralesional curettage to wide resection...

..These differences were noted at the end of the first post-operative year and remained stable, except in zone 7, where they were progressive. There is little evidence that the modified stem reduces femoral bone density loss...

..The technique has been used successfully in many cases over a 5-year period...

..A microsurgical interlaminary approach for vertebro- and kyphoplasty was developed to allow spinal decompression and control of the spinal canal during augmentation...

..The findings suggest that consideration should be given to the further study of agents other than aminoglycosides for incorporation into polymethylmethacrylate for the treatment and prevention of prosthetic joint infection...

..Stable fixation of vacuum-mixed cement may depend on additional techniques to offset the altered volumetric behaviour of vacuum-mixed cement...

..The goal of this cadaver study was to compare the stability of pedicle screws after implantation in soft or cured kyphoplasty cement...

..We believe that the surgical technique, particularly the use of high-viscosity cement, may have been an important factor contributing to our results...

..76). This study shows the additional value of FEA of the cement-bone interface relative to experimental studies and can therefore be used to optimize its mechanical properties...

Current specifications (standards) for preclinical testing of bone cements (ISO 5833: 2002, ASTM F451-99a) require simple mechanical testing after ageing for 24 h under dry conditions at 23 degrees C...

..This titanium implant is recommended for patients with hypersensitivity to chrome, cobalt, and nickel. mplanting the biggest possible stem seems to be most beneficial...

..Three stems showed radiological loosening but have not been revised. The average hip score was 85. The results are encouraging and comparable to other cemented femoral stems...

..No CAC-related complications were observed perioperatively. No implant migration was observed, and fusion was observed in all cases at follow-up examination performed at a mean of 32 months after surgery...

..In vitro studies of different bone cements containing antibiotics, developed for the prevention of biomaterial-associated infection, could not always ..

This work reports the development of new partially biodegradable acrylic bone cements based on corn starch/cellulose acetate blends (SCA), prepared by the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid at low ..

..The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that kyphoplasty is an effective treatment in painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, even with involvement of the posterior cortical wall...

The aim of this work was to study the phase transformation during the setting reaction of two calcium phosphate bone cements based on either alpha tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) or tetracalcium phosphate (TetCP) initial solid phase, and ..

..Second-generation femoral prostheses provide excellent fixation in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, a high rate of polyethylene wear and osteolysis in these high-risk patients remains a challenging problem...

....

..To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of vertebral compression fracture (VCF)...

..Therefore, given the findings from this study, a possible step forward in the development of surgical bone cements may involve a compromise in which relatively small pores are evenly distributed throughout the material.

..These results suggest that the novel-concept screw augmented with CPC can be useful for pedicle screw fixation of the osteoporotic spine...

..014). We recommend the modified technique since it significantly reduces temperatures at the cement-bone interface...

..The present study investigates onlay bone grafts and implants in a large-animal (sheep) model to determine whether there are composite biomaterials that can maximize long-term facial augmentation when compared with conventional bone grafts...

..A retrospective study to evaluate the clinical results of patients with osteoporosis and various spinal diseases treated surgically with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmented pedicle screw...

..An experimental study...

..To evaluate the biomechanical performance of vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate cement for thoracolumbar burst fractures...

..Future emphasis should be on continued surgeon education and training, as the operative, i. e., cementing techniques are of utmost importance for long-term success...

..25% (p <.05) and 46.91% (p <.05) in comparison with the fractured spines. Results from this study revealed that the MMA-treated SrHAC has a better mechanical effect for orthopedic applications...

Pressure-injected and in situ curing bone cements have been studied as alternatives in augmenting lumbar pedicle screw fixation but are frequently found to leak outside the confines of the target vertebra.

..We retrospectively assessed the frequency and outcome of PMMA embolism during PV in a large patient cohort and evaluated the relationship of the volume of injected PMMA to the occurrence of pulmonary PMMA embolism...

..Two decades later, the interest for these materials is still rising. The goal of the present document is to review the most recent achievements in the field and to analyze future directions in research and development...

..of Zn-GPC and compares its strengths, modulus, and biocompatibility with three commercially available bone cements, Spineplex, Simplex P and Cortoss...

....

..Calcium phosphate (CaP) offers the potential for biological resorption and replacement with new bone, restoring vertebral body mass and height...

..The higher conformity of rotating platform design and the possible rotary forces to the tibial platform may produce higher micromotion when the tibial stem remains cementless (hybrid fixation)...

..Having regard to the pointed out indications, our preliminary results demonstrate a new possibility to treat this kind of fractures, allowing a rapid handling of pain, early discharge and return to normal activities...

..An in vitro laboratory study...

..The current investigation quantified differences in MMA vapors produced during the preparation of competing bone cements using various methods of preparation...

..4 MPa) and the commercial control (14 MPa). However, working times (2 min) and rheological properties of Zn-GPCs, though improved, require further modifications prior to their use in minimally invasive surgical techniques...

..investigate in vitro the apoptosis- and/or necrosis-inducing potential of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements for prosthetic surgery...

..No complications occurred. Our findings suggest a need for more studies of CMW-1 bone cement containing gentamicin in a larger cohort of patients...

..In conclusion, all physical parameters were well within workable ranges with both 10:90 and 20:80 PLGA microsphere/CaP cements. After 12 weeks the PLGA was totally degraded and a highly porous, but strong scaffold remained...

b>Bone cements based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) remain an important material for anchorage of artificial joints...

..In our opinion the injectable calcium phosphate cement used here is a promising alternative for filling metaphyseal defects in the treatment of displaced tibial plateau fractures...

..76 microm) produce interface strengths similar to plasma-spray, porous-coated specimens. Macrosurfaced tibial components, although comparable in tension, may be vulnerable to metal-cement interface failure with rotational loading...

..We conclude from this trial that there is nothing to support the use of this hydroxyapatite cement, without the use of additional fixation, in distal radial fractures...

..Immediate postprocedural pain relief is the best predictor of midterm clinical outcome after vertebroplasty...

..22 mm and 0.48 mm, respectively; P = .04). From the radiostereometric, radiographic, and clinical data, we conclude that the PFC-Sigma knee prosthesis can be used with confidence...

..CONCLUSIONS: The intervertebral discs and the spinal cord do not seem to be in danger of thermal damage during vertebroplasty. The measured energy does not seem to be sufficient for the palliative effect achieved by vertebroplasty...

..Accordingly, the results of past exposure assessments and mixing method efficacy studies using colorimetric detector tubes may not be reliable...

..Procedures whereby an existing acetabulum defect was filled with bone chips that were impacted into a strong layer, after which a cemented total hip prosthesis was implanted...

..006). The cannulated screw provided a significant increase in holding power in osteoporotic bone. This novel screw is promising for fixation in osteoporotic bone and warrants clinical evaluation...

..The findings from this investigation have broad applicability to acrylic-based cements and may provide guidance for the development of new bone cements that resist degradation in the body.

..Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence...

..The causes of aseptic loosening are multifactorial and may be related to component design and size as well as to precoating and surface finish...

..Hip resurfacing for femoral head necrosis should be performed with caution...

..Literature review...

....

..This study, thus, suggests that nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO4 should be further studied for improving properties of PMMA for orthopedic applications...

..There were no technical failures or complications. CONCLUSION: The SKy bone expander polymer device is effective and safe for the performance of kyphoplasty to alleviate pain from vertebral compression fractures...

..This review provides an overall commentary on the different types of CPCs, emphasizing those materials currently on the market or soon to emerge in the marketplace...

..This is consistent with results from at-autopsy studies of well-fixed femoral components and supports the general guideline that thin-mantle regions should be avoided in the cementing of the femoral stem...

..We evaluated our experience with PV without prior venographic evaluation...

..A power law equation is given which describes the predicted relationship between damage accumulation and number of loading cycles as a function of the stress level...

..Complete remodelling of the former osteotomy gap was found in all rabbits after 84 days. This bioresorbable bone adhesive exhibited good biocompatibility and its degradation did not interfere with physiological fracture healing...

..The practice of removing all traces of PMMA cement may not yield the optimal fixation; adhesion of fresh cement to freshly prepared surfaces of the existing cement might also be considered where circumstances are favourable...

..A prospective in vivo study was conducted during the performance of kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, comparing extravertebral contrast extravasation with kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty...

..This study confirms that collarless, polished, tapered stems subside within the cement mantle but without loosening and that the CPT performs at least as well as the Exeter stem...

..For spacer applications in which limited weight-bearing is anticipated, the hip prosthesis construct appears more efficacious, but its pros and cons should be compared with those of the commercial product...

..71 mm. Preoperative planning is useful to predict the implant size, position, and alignment, to restore the center of rotation, and to equalize limb length...

..The results suggest judicious selection of cements whose powders are to be preheated for use in cemented arthroplasties...

..In the presence of a secure cement-bone interface, we recommend cement-within-cement revision techniques in suitable patients...

..This program will enhance health by preventing the catastrophic events resulting from spontaneous rupture of intracranial aneurysms. ..

....

....

....

..Specific Aims: 1 To formulate sub-cement, which will be similar to conventional PMMA bone cements in terms of modulus, yield stress, and viscosity but will be substantially more susceptible to fatigue crack ..

..When combined, the experimental and computational approaches will provide design guidelines that could significantly reduce revision rates of cemented hip replacements due to implant loosening. ..

....

....

....

..Type I microcracks directly contribute to the loosening of a femur stem constructs. Type II microcracks function as energy absorbers and thereby retard the loosening process. ..

....

..abstract_text> ..

....

....

..It will give investigators the opportunity to watch the specific trabecular surfaces that are affected by various treatments and to observe when these effects occur. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..This program will enhance health by preventing the catastrophic events resulting from spontaneous rupture of intracranial aneurysms. ..

..This research will elucidate important mechanisms of particle-induced, chemokine-directed cell trafficking and suggest new treatment strategies. ..

..This has also been the basis for successful application and granting of Orphan-Drug designation for cytarabine (Ara-C) liposome injection (trade name: DepoCyt) for the treatment of gliomas. ..

..Successful implementation of this research program will advance the field of genetic and tissue engineering and will improve the care of patients harboring life-threatening cerebral aneurysms. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..This program will enhance health by preventing the catastrophic events resulting from spontaneous rupture of intracranial aneurysms. ..

..This proposal will provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of cranial suture development, and help to relate mouse and human models of craniosynostosis. ..

..This research will elucidate important mechanisms of particle-induced, chemokine-directed cell trafficking and suggest new treatment strategies. ..

..abstract_text> ..

....

....

..Therefore, this research is important in building an insightful foundation for regulation of bone mass by mechanical loading and in evaluating molecular pathways to reduce fracture risk. ..