cytokines

Summary

Summary: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Pathogen recognition and innate immunity
    Shizuo Akira
    Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3 1 Yamada oka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Cell 124:783-801. 2006
  2. ncbi Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
    Estelle Bettelli
    Center for Neurologic Diseases, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nature 441:235-8. 2006
  3. ncbi Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3
    Shohei Hori
    Laboratory of Immunopathology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230 0045, Japan
    Science 299:1057-61. 2003
  4. ncbi Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
    David M Mosser
    Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:958-69. 2008
  5. ncbi A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
    H Hemmi
    Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita
    Nature 408:740-5. 2000
  6. ncbi HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
    Michael R Betts
    Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Blood 107:4781-9. 2006
  7. ncbi Development, cytokine profile and function of human interleukin 17-producing helper T cells
    Nicholas J Wilson
    Department of Discovery Research, Schering Plough Biopharma Formerly DNAX Research, Palo Alto, California 94304 1104, USA
    Nat Immunol 8:950-7. 2007
  8. ncbi From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
    Robert Dantzer
    Integrative Immunology and Behavior, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
    Nat Rev Neurosci 9:46-56. 2008
  9. ncbi Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation
    D L Lacey
    Department of Pathology, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320 1789, USA
    Cell 93:165-76. 1998
  10. ncbi Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors
    Anthony J Sadler
    Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:559-68. 2008

Research Grants

  1. Novel Cytokine Regulation of Gut Function and Inflammation
    Aiping Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2009
  2. ORAL GENE THERAPY WITH NiMOS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
    Mansoor M Amiji; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. HUMAN IL-13 GENE REGULATION AND IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISMS
    Donata Vercelli; Fiscal Year: 2011
  4. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald L Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2010
  7. ORAL EPITHELIAL CELL CYTOKINES CANDIDA & PMN ACTIVATION
    Anna Dongari Bagtzoglou; Fiscal Year: 2002
  8. CYTOKINE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND MUCIN REGULATION IN MIDDLE EAR EPITHELIUM
    Joseph E Kerschner; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. CYTOKINE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND MUCIN REGULATION IN MIDDLE EAR EPITHELIUM
    Joseph Kerschner; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. Immune Cytokines Promote Oral Bone Loss Through IKK
    Cun Yu Wang; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications226 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Pathogen recognition and innate immunity
    Shizuo Akira
    Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3 1 Yamada oka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Cell 124:783-801. 2006
    ..New insights into innate immunity are changing the way we think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity...
  2. ncbi Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
    Estelle Bettelli
    Center for Neurologic Diseases, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nature 441:235-8. 2006
    ..Our data demonstrate a dichotomy in the generation of pathogenic (T(H)17) T cells that induce autoimmunity and regulatory (Foxp3+) T cells that inhibit autoimmune tissue injury...
  3. ncbi Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3
    Shohei Hori
    Laboratory of Immunopathology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230 0045, Japan
    Science 299:1057-61. 2003
    ..Thus, Foxp3 is a key regulatory gene for the development of regulatory T cells...
  4. ncbi Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
    David M Mosser
    Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:958-69. 2008
    ..We characterize each population and provide examples of macrophages from specific disease states that have the characteristics of one or more of these populations...
  5. ncbi A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
    H Hemmi
    Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita
    Nature 408:740-5. 2000
    ..The in vivo CpG-DNA-mediated T-helper type-1 response was also abolished in TLR9-/- mice. Thus, vertebrate immune systems appear to have evolved a specific Toll-like receptor that distinguishes bacterial DNA from self-DNA...
  6. ncbi HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
    Michael R Betts
    Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Blood 107:4781-9. 2006
    ..Thus, rather than quantity or phenotype, the quality of the CD8(+) T-cell functional response serves as an immune correlate of HIV disease progression and a potential qualifying factor for evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy...
  7. ncbi Development, cytokine profile and function of human interleukin 17-producing helper T cells
    Nicholas J Wilson
    Department of Discovery Research, Schering Plough Biopharma Formerly DNAX Research, Palo Alto, California 94304 1104, USA
    Nat Immunol 8:950-7. 2007
    ..Psoriatic skin lesions contained IL-23-producing dendritic cells and were enriched in the cytokines produced by human T(H)-17 cells that promote the production of antimicrobial peptides in human keratinocytes...
  8. ncbi From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
    Robert Dantzer
    Integrative Immunology and Behavior, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
    Nat Rev Neurosci 9:46-56. 2008
    In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour...
  9. ncbi Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation
    D L Lacey
    Department of Pathology, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320 1789, USA
    Cell 93:165-76. 1998
    ..These data suggest that OPGL is an osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. The effects of OPGL are blocked in vitro and in vivo by OPG, suggesting that OPGL and OPG are key extracellular regulators of osteoclast development...
  10. ncbi Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors
    Anthony J Sadler
    Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:559-68. 2008
    Since the discovery of interferons (IFNs), considerable progress has been made in describing the nature of the cytokines themselves, the signalling components that direct the cell response and their antiviral activities...
  11. ncbi Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF
    V A Fadok
    Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
    J Clin Invest 101:890-8. 1998
    ..Therefore, it is likely that resolution of inflammation depends not only on the removal of apoptotic cells but on active suppression of inflammatory mediator production. Disorders in either could result in chronic inflammatory diseases...
  12. ncbi Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation
    Peter C Heinrich
    Institut fur Biochemie, RWTH Aachen, Universitatsklinikum, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Biochem J 374:1-20. 2003
    The IL (interleukin)-6-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor), OSM (oncostatin M), ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-1 and cardiotrophin-like cytokine are an important family of mediators involved in the ..
  13. ncbi Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
    Masahiro Yamamoto
    Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3 1 Yamada oka, Suita Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Science 301:640-3. 2003
    ..These findings demonstrate that TRIF is essential for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways facilitating mammalian antiviral host defense...
  14. ncbi Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases
    Gary L Johnson
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
    Science 298:1911-2. 2002
    ..The p38 MAPKs are activated by inflammatory cytokines and environmental stresses and may contribute to diseases like asthma and autoimmunity.
  15. ncbi The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation
    Wenjun Ouyang
    Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
    Immunity 28:454-67. 2008
    ..Th17 cells and their effector cytokines mediate host defensive mechanisms to various infections, especially extracellular bacteria infections, and are ..
  16. ncbi Systemic lupus erythematosus
    Anisur Rahman
    Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
    N Engl J Med 358:929-39. 2008
  17. ncbi Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia
    Menno D de Jong
    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 190 Ben Ham Tu, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    Nat Med 12:1203-7. 2006
    ..The focus of clinical management should be on preventing this intense cytokine response, by early diagnosis and effective antiviral treatment...
  18. ncbi Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease
    C A Dinarello
    Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
    Blood 87:2095-147. 1996
    ..importance of the IL-1R accessory protein, newly discovered signal transduction pathways, naturally occurring cytokines limiting IL-1 production or activity, the effects of blocking cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide, and the outcomes ..
  19. ncbi IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge
    Shabaana A Khader
    Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York 12983, USA
    Nat Immunol 8:369-77. 2007
    ....
  20. ncbi Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
    L Alexopoulou
    Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
    Nature 413:732-8. 2001
    ..lethal effect of poly(I:C) when sensitized with d-galactosamine (d-GalN), and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines. MyD88 is an adaptor protein that is shared by all the known TLRs...
  21. ncbi How regulatory T cells work
    Dario A A Vignali
    Department of Immunology, St Jude Children s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 2794, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:523-32. 2008
    ..In addition, we propose the hypothesis that effector T cells may not be 'innocent' parties in this suppressive process and might in fact potentiate T(Reg)-cell function...
  22. ncbi Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression
    Andrew H Miller
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 65:732-41. 2009
    ..depression have been found to exhibit increased peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers, including inflammatory cytokines, which have been shown to access the brain and interact with virtually every pathophysiologic domain known to be ..
  23. ncbi Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8(+) T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor
    Nikhil S Joshi
    Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Immunity 27:281-95. 2007
    ..The decision between SLEC and MPEC fates was regulated by the amount of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-12) present during T cell priming...
  24. ncbi Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis
    Michelle L Monje
    Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, MSLS P309, Mail Code 5487, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA
    Science 302:1760-5. 2003
    ....
  25. ncbi Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*)
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1892, USA
    Annu Rev Immunol 28:445-89. 2010
    ..their development; the networks of transcription factors involved in their differentiation; the epigenetic regulation of their key cytokines and transcription factors; and human diseases involving defective CD4 T cell differentiation.
  26. ncbi Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes
    Alberto Mantovani
    Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, I 20157 Milan, Italy
    Trends Immunol 23:549-55. 2002
    ..Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are driven by tumor-derived and T cell-derived cytokines to acquire a polarized M2 phenotype...
  27. ncbi Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells
    JOHN J O'SHEA
    Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1616, USA
    Science 327:1098-102. 2010
    ..These T cells specialize to become distinct subsets and produce restricted patterns of cytokines, which are tailored to combat various microbial pathogens...
  28. ncbi CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Blood 112:1557-69. 2008
    ....
  29. ncbi Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
    Frederic Geissmann
    Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammatory Diseases, King s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK
    Science 327:656-61. 2010
    ..Despite this, the origin and differentiation cues for many tissue macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cell subsets in mice, and the corresponding cell populations in humans, remain to be elucidated...
  30. ncbi IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R
    Paul Sheppard
    ZymoGenetics, Inc, 1201 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
    Nat Immunol 4:63-8. 2003
    b>Cytokines play a critical role in modulating the innate and adaptive immune systems...
  31. ncbi The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus
    Decio L Eizirik
    Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808 CP 618, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
    Endocr Rev 29:42-61. 2008
    ..In vitro data suggest that ER stress may also contribute to cytokine-induced beta-cell death. Thus, the cytokines IL-1beta and interferon-gamma, putative mediators of beta-cell loss in type 1 diabetes, induce severe ER stress ..
  32. ncbi Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus
    Darwyn Kobasa
    Respiratory Viruses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
    Nature 445:319-23. 2007
    ..The ability of influenza viruses to modulate host immune responses, such as that demonstrated for the avian H5N1 influenza viruses, may be a feature shared by the virulent influenza viruses...
  33. ncbi Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    Nadia Caccamo
    Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
    Eur J Immunol 40:2211-20. 2010
    Th1 CD4(+) T cells and their derived cytokines are crucial for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
  34. ncbi Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis
    Raghu Kalluri
    Center for Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave DANA 514, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
    J Clin Invest 112:1776-84. 2003
    ..This review highlights recent advances in the process of EMT signaling in health and disease and how it may be attenuated or reversed by selective cytokines and growth factors.
  35. ncbi Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
    Cell 118:229-41. 2004
    ..These findings reveal a novel function of TLRs-control of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and protection from injury-and provide a new perspective on the evolution of host-microbial interactions...
  36. ncbi Cell-mediated immune responses in tuberculosis
    Andrea M Cooper
    Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York 12983, USA
    Annu Rev Immunol 27:393-422. 2009
    ..We must also determine how to induce both known and novel immunoprotective responses without inducing immunopathologic consequences...
  37. ncbi IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines
    Jochen Schmitz
    Schering Plough Biopharma Formerly DNAX Research, Inc, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
    Immunity 23:479-90. 2005
    b>Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, such as IL-1 alpha/beta and IL-18, have important functions in host defense, immune regulation, and inflammation...
  38. ncbi Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2
    Benjamin N Gantner
    Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98103, USA
    J Exp Med 197:1107-17. 2003
    ..particles, and in macrophages and dendritic cells dectin-1 and TLRs are synergistic in mediating production of cytokines such as interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha...
  39. ncbi SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation
    Akihiko Yoshimura
    Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3 1 1 Maidashi, Higashi ku, Fukuoka 812 8582, Japan
    Nat Rev Immunol 7:454-65. 2007
    ..In this Review we bring together data from recent studies on SOCS proteins and their role in immunity, and propose a cohesive model of how cytokine signalling regulates immune-cell function...
  40. ncbi Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza
    Jesus F Bermejo-Martin
    National Centre of Influenza, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
    Crit Care 13:R201. 2009
    ..We utilize here systemic cytokine and antibody levels in evaluating differences in early immune response in both mild and severe patients infected with nvH1N1...
  41. ncbi A critical function for transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human T(H)-17 responses
    Elisabetta Volpe
    Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U653, Paris F 75248, France
    Nat Immunol 9:650-7. 2008
    ..methods, we show here that transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 23 (IL-23) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6) were all essential for human T(H)-17 differentiation...
  42. ncbi Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease?
    C Y Cheung
    Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, SAR, Hong Kong, China
    Lancet 360:1831-7. 2002
    ..The biological basis for the severity of human H5N1 disease has remained unclear. We tested the hypothesis that virus-induced cytokine dysregulation has a role...
  43. ncbi Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells
    Charles D Surh
    The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Immunity 29:848-62. 2008
    ..Typical memory cells are kept alive and induced to divide intermittently by a mixture of IL-7 and IL-15. This review highlights recent advances in how naive and memory T cell homeostasis is regulated...
  44. ncbi Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection
    Robert M Anthony
    The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 7:975-87. 2007
    ..Although similar cells and cytokines are evoked in response to infection by helminths as diverse as nematodes and schistosomes, the components of the ..
  45. ncbi Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells
    Roza I Nurieva
    Department of Immunology, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Science 325:1001-5. 2009
    ..Development of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells that provide help to B cells is mediated by the cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-21 but is independent of TH1, TH2, and TH17 effector cell lineages...
  46. ncbi Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection
    Kelvin K W To
    Infectious Disease Division, Queen Mary Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Clin Infect Dis 50:850-9. 2010
    ..Infections caused by the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus range from mild upper respiratory tract syndromes to fatal diseases. However, studies comparing virological and immunological profile of different clinical severity are lacking...
  47. ncbi Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin
    Atsunori Fukuhara
    Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Organismal Biosystems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2 2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Science 307:426-30. 2005
    ..Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor. Further study of visfatin's physiological role may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis and/or new therapies for metabolic disorders such as diabetes...
  48. ncbi Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4
    E A Tivol
    Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Immunity 3:541-7. 1995
    ..In the absence of CTLA-4, peripheral T cells are activated, can spontaneously proliferate, and may mediate lethal tissue injury...
  49. ncbi IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
    Claire L Langrish
    Discovery Research, DNAX Research Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    J Exp Med 201:233-40. 2005
    ..analysis of IL-23-driven autoreactive T cells identified a unique expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines and other novel factors, distinguishing them from IL-12-driven T cells...
  50. ncbi Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis
    Michelle A Lowes
    Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 178, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Nature 445:866-73. 2007
    ..thought to be activation of the cellular immune system, with T cells, dendritic cells and various immune-related cytokines and chemokines implicated in pathogenesis...
  51. ncbi Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells
    Kazuyo Moro
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan
    Nature 463:540-4. 2010
    ..antigen receptors but rapidly exhibit cytotoxic activities against virus-infected cells and produce various cytokines. Here we report a new type of innate lymphocyte present in a novel lymphoid structure associated with adipose ..
  52. ncbi New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines
    Yrina Rochman
    National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1674, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 9:480-90. 2009
    Common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)) family cytokines have crucial roles in the development, proliferation, survival and differentiation of multiple cell lineages of both the innate and adaptive immune systems...
  53. ncbi Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study
    Joachim Spranger
    Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    Diabetes 52:812-7. 2003
    ..We therefore examined prospectively the effects of the central inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the development of type 2 diabetes...
  54. ncbi Identification and functional characterization of human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties isolated from peripheral blood
    H Jonuleit
    Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, D 55101 Mainz, Germany
    J Exp Med 193:1285-94. 2001
    ..However, the refractory state of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells was partially reversible by the addition of IL-2 or IL-4. These data demonstrate that human blood contains a resident T cell population with potent regulatory properties...
  55. ncbi Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
    Diana L Vargas
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
    Ann Neurol 57:67-81. 2005
    ..chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. CSF showed a unique proinflammatory profile of cytokines, including a marked increase in MCP-1...
  56. ncbi Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow?
    F Balkwill
    ICRF Translational Oncology Laboratory, St Bartholomew s and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
    Lancet 357:539-45. 2001
    ..We suggest that the inflammatory cells and cytokines found in tumours are more likely to contribute to tumour growth, progression, and immunosuppression than they ..
  57. ncbi Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant
    M Paula Longhi
    Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
    J Exp Med 206:1589-602. 2009
    ..Therefore, the adjuvant action of poly IC requires a widespread innate type I IFN response that directly links antigen presentation by DCs to adaptive immunity...
  58. ncbi AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense
    Yuping Lai
    Division of Dermatology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
    Trends Immunol 30:131-41. 2009
    ..Opposing this, some microbes have evolved mechanisms to inactivate or avoid AMPs and subsequently become pathogens. Thus, AMPs are multifunctional molecules that have a central role in infection and inflammation...
  59. ncbi Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing
    Stephan Barrientos
    University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
    Wound Repair Regen 16:585-601. 2008
    ..process is executed and regulated by an equally complex signaling network involving numerous growth factors, cytokines and chemokines...
  60. ncbi IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice
    Dongsheng Cai
    Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Cell 119:285-98. 2004
    ....
  61. ncbi Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells
    Franca Gerosa
    Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
    J Exp Med 195:327-33. 2002
    ..These data demonstrated for the first time a bidirectional cross talk between NK cells and DC, in which NK cells activated by IL-2 or by mature DC induce DC maturation...
  62. ncbi Microglia as a source and target of cytokines
    Uwe Karsten Hanisch
    Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Buch, Germany
    Glia 40:140-55. 2002
    b>Cytokines constitute a significant portion of the immuno- and neuromodulatory messengers that can be released by activated microglia...
  63. ncbi Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6
    Bente K Pedersen
    The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism at Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Physiol Rev 88:1379-406. 2008
    Skeletal muscle has recently been identified as an endocrine organ. It has, therefore, been suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers and exert paracrine, autocrine, or ..
  64. ncbi Host attachment, invasion, and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by Campylobacter concisus and other non-Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter species
    Si Ming Man
    School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australia
    J Infect Dis 202:1855-65. 2010
    ..In the present study, we investigated the interaction between these bacteria and the human intestinal epithelium and immune cells...
  65. ncbi Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients
    Harry Sokol
    Unité Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique U910, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:16731-6. 2008
    ..These results suggest that counterbalancing dysbiosis using F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in CD treatment...
  66. ncbi A biphasic innate immune MAPK response discriminates between the yeast and hyphal forms of Candida albicans in epithelial cells
    David L Moyes
    Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Immunology, King s College London Dental Institute, King s College London, London, UK
    Cell Host Microbe 8:225-35. 2010
    ..MAPK/MKP1/c-Fos activation may represent a "danger response" pathway that is critical for identifying and responding to the pathogenic switch of commensal microbes...
  67. ncbi Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells
    M C W Chan
    Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
    Respir Res 6:135. 2005
    ..H1N1, the H5N1 viruses in 1997 (A/Hong Kong/483/97) (H5N1/97) were more potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a) and chemokines (e.g...
  68. ncbi Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease
    Alexander H Sprague
    Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Biochem Pharmacol 78:539-52. 2009
    ..increased expression of adhesion molecules by ECs and recruitment of inflammatory cells, growth factors, and cytokines, with consequent effects on ECs, VSMCs and ECM...
  69. ncbi Induction, function and regulation of IL-17-producing T cells
    Kingston H G Mills
    Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
    Eur J Immunol 38:2636-49. 2008
    ..The induction or function of Th17 cells is regulated by cytokines secreted by the other major subtypes of T cells, including IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and at high concentrations, ..
  70. ncbi CD107a as a functional marker for the identification of natural killer cell activity
    Galit Alter
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
    J Immunol Methods 294:15-22. 2004
    ..Cumulatively, the data presented here demonstrate that CD107a is a sensitive marker of NK cell activity...
  71. ncbi Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
    Florian Heil
    Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universitat Munchen, Trogerstr 9, D 81675 Munich, Germany
    Science 303:1526-9. 2004
    ..dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages to secrete interferon-alpha and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines. By using Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient mice and genetic complementation, we show that murine TLR7 and ..
  72. ncbi JAK-STAT signaling: from interferons to cytokines
    Christian Schindler
    Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
    J Biol Chem 282:20059-63. 2007
  73. ncbi The role of proinflammatory cytokines in the generation and maintenance of joint pain
    H G Schaible
    Institute of Physiology Neurophysiology, Universitatsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1193:60-9. 2010
    The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) not only promote and maintain inflammation, they also contribute to the generation and maintenance of inflammatory pain by acting at ..
  74. ncbi The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, imiquimod, and the TLR9 agonist, CpG ODN, induce antiviral cytokines and chemokines but do not prevent vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus when applied intravaginally to rhesus macaques
    Yichuan Wang
    California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
    J Virol 79:14355-70. 2005
    ..We conclude that induction of mucosal innate immunity including an IFN-alpha response is not sufficient to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus...
  75. ncbi TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells
    Marc Veldhoen
    Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
    Immunity 24:179-89. 2006
    ..Our data indicate that, in the presence of IL-6, TGFbeta1 subverts Th1 and Th2 differentiation for the generation of IL-17-producing T cells...
  76. ncbi Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12
    B Oppmann
    DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    Immunity 13:715-25. 2000
    ..Similar to IL-12, human IL-23 stimulates IFN-gamma production and proliferation in PHA blast T cells, as well as in CD45RO (memory) T cells...
  77. ncbi Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis
    Maria Yazdanbakhsh
    Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
    Science 296:490-4. 2002
    ..More recently, elevations of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10, that occur during long-term helminth infections have been shown to be inversely ..
  78. ncbi Multifunctional, high-level cytokine-producing Th1 cells in the lung, but not spleen, correlate with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge in mice
    Emily K Forbes
    The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Immunol 181:4955-64. 2008
    ..Successful immunization regimes appear to induce Ag-specific cells with abundant intracellular cytokine staining...
  79. ncbi Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls
    K E Lyke
    Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
    Infect Immun 72:5630-7. 2004
    Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in human immune responses to malarial disease. However, the role of these mediators in disease pathogenesis, and the relationship between host protection and injury remains unclear...
  80. ncbi Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and are elevated in TNFR1-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)
    Ariel C Bulua
    Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutesof Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Exp Med 208:519-33. 2011
    ..respiration are important for normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven production of several proinflammatory cytokines and for the enhanced responsiveness to LPS seen in cells from patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-..
  81. ncbi Macrophages, innate immunity and cancer: balance, tolerance, and diversity
    Alberto Mantovani
    Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
    Curr Opin Immunol 22:231-7. 2010
    ..TAM can also express antitumor activity. Thus, in response to microenvironmental signals, TAM can exert dual influence on tumor growth and progression...
  82. ncbi Free fatty acids and cytokines induce pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis by different mechanisms: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and endoplasmic reticulum stress
    Ilham Kharroubi
    Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, , Route de Lennik, 808 CP 618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
    Endocrinology 145:5087-96. 2004
    Apoptosis is probably the main form of beta-cell death in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. In T1DM, cytokines contribute to beta-cell destruction through nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation...
  83. ncbi Marrow stromal cells for cell-based therapy: the role of antiinflammatory cytokines in cellular cardiomyoplasty
    Guangyong Chen
    Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Ann Thorac Surg 90:190-7. 2010
    ..have been reported to have a better prognosis and in vitro studies showed that MSCs express antiinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that changes in cytokine ratios in the infarct microenvironment after MSC therapy may play a ..
  84. ncbi Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues
    D J Prockop
    Center for Gene Therapy, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, 245 North 15 Street, Mail Stop 421, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
    Science 276:71-4. 1997
    ..Therefore, marrow stromal cells present an intriguing model for examining the differentiation of stem cells. Also, they have several characteristics that make them potentially useful for cell and gene therapy...
  85. ncbi Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor
    B Samal
    Department of Developmental Biology, Amgen Inc, Amgen Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
    Mol Cell Biol 14:1431-7. 1994
    ..No effect of PBEF was found with cells of myeloid or erythroid lineages. These data define PBEF as a novel cytokine which acts on early B-lineage precursor cells...
  86. ncbi Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells
    F Cocchi
    Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Science 270:1811-5. 1995
    ..These data may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS...
  87. ncbi Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response
    Taronna R Maines
    Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
    Immunol Rev 225:68-84. 2008
    ..This review focuses on avian influenza viruses as a pandemic threat, their induction of host innate immune responses in mammalian species, and the contribution of these responses to the disease process...
  88. ncbi Regulatory T cells are key cerebroprotective immunomodulators in acute experimental stroke
    Arthur Liesz
    Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Nat Med 15:192-9. 2009
    ..In conclusion, T(reg) cells are major cerebroprotective modulators of postischemic inflammatory brain damage targeting multiple inflammatory pathways. IL-10 signaling is essential for their immunomodulatory effect...
  89. ncbi Adipocyte-derived Th2 cytokines and myeloid PPARdelta regulate macrophage polarization and insulin sensitivity
    Kihwa Kang
    Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Cell Metab 7:485-95. 2008
    ..Here we show that adipocytes are a source of Th2 cytokines, including IL-13 and to a lesser extent IL-4, which induce macrophage PPARdelta/beta (Ppard/b) expression ..
  90. ncbi Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression
    Lindi Roberts
    Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
    AIDS 24:819-31. 2010
    ..Although the acute phase of HIV infection is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, the relationship between cytokine concentrations and HIV pathogenesis is unknown...
  91. ncbi Role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in induction of chemokines and leukocyte recruitment
    M Romano
    Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
    Immunity 6:315-25. 1997
    ..Hence, in vivo and in vitro evidence supports the concept that the IL-6 system plays an unexpected positive role in local inflammatory reactions by amplifying leukocyte recruitment...
  92. ncbi Aspergillus fumigatus triggers inflammatory responses by stage-specific beta-glucan display
    Tobias M Hohl
    Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
    PLoS Pathog 1:e30. 2005
    ..Selective responsiveness to germinating conidia provides the innate immune system with a mechanism to restrict inflammatory responses to metabolically active, potentially invasive fungal spores...
  93. ncbi The IL-23/Th17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis
    Antonella Di Cesare
    St John s Institute of Dermatology, King s College London School of Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
    J Invest Dermatol 129:1339-50. 2009
    ..We further discuss recent clinical trials targeting the IL-23/Th17 axis in psoriasis...
  94. ncbi Cytokine-producing B lymphocytes-key regulators of immunity
    Frances E Lund
    Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
    Curr Opin Immunol 20:332-8. 2008
    ..Indeed, disturbances in the ability of B cell subsets to present antigen, produce cytokines, and regulate the activities of T cells is emerging as a key feature in many inflammatory diseases...
  95. ncbi Human immune response towards recombinant Helicobacter pylori urease and cellular fractions
    Petra Voland
    II. Medical Department, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
    Vaccine 24:3832-9. 2006
    ..It appears that outer membrane preparations of H. pylori, but not recombinant urease are more effective in inducing a Th1 polarized response in humans in vitro...
  96. ncbi Immunosuppressive effect of silibinin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    Kyungwon Min
    Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
    Arch Pharm Res 30:1265-72. 2007
    ..Since cytokines play an important role in inflammatory disease, the proliferative response and cytokine production were examined ..
  97. ncbi IL-15 but not IL-2 rapidly induces lethal xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease
    Sameek Roychowdhury
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, the Medical Scientist Program, The Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
    Blood 106:2433-5. 2005
    Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 are structurally related cytokines that share receptor components but display markedly different effects in multiple in vivo model systems...
  98. ncbi IL-10 plasma levels are elevated after LPS injection in splenectomized A/J mice
    Manuel B Torres
    Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    J Surg Res 129:101-6. 2005
    ..In addition, the contribution of the spleen to the inflammatory process may be influenced by the genetic background...
  99. ncbi The effects of a novel phosphodiesterase 7A and -4 dual inhibitor, YM-393059, on T-cell-related cytokine production in vitro and in vivo
    Satoshi Yamamoto
    Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
    Eur J Pharmacol 541:106-14. 2006
    ..YM-393059 is a novel and attractive compound for the treatment of a wide variety of T-cell-mediated diseases...
  100. ncbi The role of cytokines in a Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced murine abscess model
    J Alayan
    Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
    Oral Microbiol Immunol 22:304-12. 2007
    ..Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host with bacterial products, and T-cell-derived cytokines remain critical in the immunoregulation of periodontal disease.
  101. ncbi The inflammatory response to vaccination is altered in the elderly
    Mimoun El Yousfi
    , INRA de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, , France
    Mech Ageing Dev 126:874-81. 2005
    ..Cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10) by whole blood cultures, circulating cytokines and acute phase proteins were analysed before and 2 days after vaccination...

Research Grants82

  1. Novel Cytokine Regulation of Gut Function and Inflammation
    Aiping Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..balance among the individual Th cell lineages that are controlled, in part, through reciprocal regulation of the cytokines. It is known that pathogen-induced up-regulation of Th1 vs Th2 cytokines induces stereotypic and sometimes ..
  2. ORAL GENE THERAPY WITH NiMOS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
    Mansoor M Amiji; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..suggest that IBD may be caused by alterations in the delicate balance between pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract...
  3. HUMAN IL-13 GENE REGULATION AND IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISMS
    Donata Vercelli; Fiscal Year: 2011
    ..provided by applicant): The pathogenesis of asthma and allergy is marked by dysregulated expression of the Th2 cytokines IL4 (which is critical for Th2 differentiation and IgE synthesis) and IL13 (which is the central effector of ..
  4. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Many biomedically significant proteins, including antibodies, cytokines, anticoagulants, blood clotting factors, and others are glycoproteins...
  5. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Many biomedically significant proteins, including antibodies, cytokines, anticoagulants, blood clotting factors, and others are glycoproteins...
  6. A novel transgenic silkworm system for recombinant glycoprotein production
    Donald L Jarvis; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Many biomedically significant proteins, including antibodies, cytokines, anticoagulants, blood clotting factors, and others are glycoproteins...
  7. ORAL EPITHELIAL CELL CYTOKINES CANDIDA & PMN ACTIVATION
    Anna Dongari Bagtzoglou; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Several cytokines provide signals for neutrophil activation of antifungal functions, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and ..
  8. CYTOKINE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND MUCIN REGULATION IN MIDDLE EAR EPITHELIUM
    Joseph E Kerschner; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The objective of this proposal is to further elucidate the role and interrelationship of cytokines and mucins in middle ear epithelium...
  9. CYTOKINE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND MUCIN REGULATION IN MIDDLE EAR EPITHELIUM
    Joseph Kerschner; Fiscal Year: 2007
    The objective of this proposal is to further elucidate the role and interrelationship of cytokines and mucins in middle ear epithelium...
  10. Immune Cytokines Promote Oral Bone Loss Through IKK
    Cun Yu Wang; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..At the initial stage of host defense, immune cells produce a variety of immune cytokines to fight against the bacterial infection...
  11. TH1 CYTOKINES AND IMPAIRED CD8* CTLS IN ELDERLY
    Innocent Mbawuike; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..Cell-medicated immunity is controlled by two major categories of cytokines. The Th1 cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-g), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), favor the ..
  12. NFkB in the Astrocyte Swelling/Brain Edema with Acute Liver Failure
    MICHAEL DAVID NORENBERG; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Mounting evidence suggests, however, that in addition to ammonia, cytokines and related sepsis and inflammation also contribute to the brain edema in ALF...
  13. Viral Encephalitis, Chemokines and Sleep
    LARRY D contact SANFORD; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..and to determine the relationship these changes have to viral- induced changes in profiles of chemokines and cytokines in the brain...
  14. Innate Immune Bacterial Recognition and Osteoclastogenesis
    Caroline A Genco; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..have been reported to contribute to the acceleration of bone resorption by the production of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor B ..
  15. Novel Cytokine Regulation of Gut Function and Inflammation
    Aiping Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..balance among the individual Th cell lineages that are controlled, in part, through reciprocal regulation of the cytokines. It is known that pathogen-induced up-regulation of Th1 vs Th2 cytokines induces stereotypic and sometimes ..
  16. CC Chemokine Secretion to Protect Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells from HIV
    Catarina E Hioe; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..CD4 Th1 cells invariably display differential expression of MIP-1 vs. other Th1 cytokines such as IFN-?, IL-2, and TNF- a, and the overall profiles of chemokines and cytokines produced by the responding ..
  17. Effects of glycemic control on immunity
    Thomas P Shanley; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Following CPB, release of both stress-related hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to post-operative organ dysfunction by mediating endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion and vascular ..
  18. Effects of glycemic control on immunity
    Thomas Shanley; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Following CPB, release of both stress-related hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to post-operative organ dysfunction by mediating endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion and vascular ..
  19. Methamphetamine, HIV, Neuroinflammation and Behavior
    Rodney Johnson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..is thought to be due to soluble factors released by infected or activated microglia such as inflammatory cytokines. That MA abuse may activate or sensitize microglial cells and promote neuroinflammation in HIV-1 patients is ..
  20. Cytokines and the blood-brain barrier in the ovine fetus
    BARBARA STONESTREET; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..In utero hemodynamic abnormalities possibly in association with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokines) such as IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-1 predispose to brain injury, particularly in premature neonates...
  21. Cytokines and the blood-brain barrier in the ovine fetus
    BARBARA STONESTREET; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..In utero hemodynamic abnormalities possibly in association with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokines) such as IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-1 predispose to brain injury, particularly in premature neonates...
  22. Cytokines and Sympathetic Activation in Heart Failure
    Robert Felder; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..The present project examines the potential role of the pro- inflammatory cytokines, which increase in plasma and brain of rats with ischemia-induced heart failure, are capable of NAD(P)H oxidase ..