biological tumor markers

..In conclusion, bcl-2 immunoreactivity was associated with apoptosis and could be used in combination with Dukes' stage as a means of predicting prognosis in colorectal cancer...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) in predicting the treatment outcome of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum after total mesorectal excision (TME)...

..The presented strategy can be applied to evaluate the suitability of any normalization gene candidate in any kind of experimental design and should allow more reliable normalization of RT-PCR data...

..The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers...

..To compare the clinical features, natural history, and outcomes for women with "triple-negative" breast cancer with women with other types of breast cancer...

..These studies show that many basal-like tumors express HER1, which suggests candidate drugs for evaluation in these patients...

..In this study, we set out to identify specific microRNA biomarkers for the identification of squamous cell carcinoma, and to use such markers for the development of a standardized assay...

..These results indicate that miRNA expression profiles are diagnostic and prognostic markers of lung cancer...

..The likelihood of distant recurrence in patients with breast cancer who have no involved lymph nodes and estrogen-receptor-positive tumors is poorly defined by clinical and histopathological measures...

..The IHC pattern that best defines basal-like tumors is under investigation and various combinations of ER, PR, HER2-, CK5/6+ and EGFR+ have been tested...

..In particular, tests that predict the clinical outcome for patients on the basis of the genes expressed by their tumours are likely to increasingly affect patient management, heralding a new era of personalized medicine...

..There are indications, however, that Ki-67 protein expression is an absolute requirement for progression through the cell-division cycle...

..PIK3CA mutations, EMT, and stem cell-like characteristics likely contribute to the poor outcomes of MBC and suggest novel therapeutic targets...

..These findings offer a possible mechanism for the accelerated repopulation of tumor cells observed during gaps in radiotherapy...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our data are consistent with the possibility that a limited number of markers in combination might identify >99% of epithelial ovarian cancers despite the heterogeneity of the disease...

..The aim was to establish a HER2 scoring system for gastric cancer to identify suitable patients for enrollment in a trial of trastuzumab (Herceptin) in advanced metastatic gastric cancer...

..The coordinate expression of TEM1, TEM5, and TEM8 on tumor endothelium in humans and mice makes these genes attractive targets for the development of antiangiogenic therapies...

..MicroRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. No study has evaluated the association between microRNA expression patterns and colon cancer prognosis or therapeutic outcome...

..This study directly compares the prognostic significance between three- and five-biomarker surrogate panels to define intrinsic breast cancer subtypes, using a large clinically annotated series of breast tumors...

..This review summarizes the rationale, preclinical evidence, retrospective clinical analyses, and the interim clinical data pertaining HER2 therapies in gastric cancer...

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..This approach provides an exquisitely sensitive and broadly applicable approach for the development of personalized biomarkers to enhance the clinical management of cancer patients...

..The finding that EGFR, c-Met, and VEGFR1 involved in carcinogenesis are well-represented and coexpressed in anal cancers, especially in HIV-positive population, suggests possible novel targeted treatments for anal diseases...

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..We propose that these proteins represent an evolutionarily primitive form of lectin-mediated innate immunity, and that they reveal intestinal strategies for maintaining symbiotic host-microbial relationships...

..To assess the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers, particularly c-erbB-2 and p53, through study of prospective clinical data and archival breast cancer tissues for women accrued to the Alabama Breast Cancer Project...

..The implication that CD133 might be one of the markers for HCC cancer stem-like cells needed further investigation...

..82% sensitivity and 100.00% specificity by sputum cytology. The measurement of altered miRNA expression in sputum could be a useful noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of lung cancer...

..We examined the histopathological and gene-expression profile of triple-negative tumors to define subgroups with specific characteristics, including risk of developing distant metastases...

..Common biases that pervade the biomarker research literature would be eliminated if these rigorous standards were followed...

..It segregates with genes that characterize the luminal subtypes in DNA microarray analyses. The utility of FOXA1 as a possible independent prognostic factor has not been determined in breast cancers...

..These results provide a comprehensive view of changes in advanced melanoma relative to normal melanocytes and reveal new targets that can be used in assessing prognosis, staging, and therapy of melanoma patients...

..To investigate the prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using three markers [cytokeratin 19 (CK19), mammaglobin A (MGB1), and HER2] in early breast cancer...

..0001) in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The PR is an independent marker, with its overexpression associated with a favorable prognosis in women with ovarian cancer...

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..Clinical consequences and potential future research directions driven by the definition of basal breast cancers will also be discussed...

..MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. The global miRNA expression profile of gastric cancer has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine the miRNA expression profile of gastric cancer...

..In a longer perspective, antibody microarray analysis could provide a tool for the development of improved diagnostics and intensified biomarker discovery for breast cancer patients...

..Because elevated CA125 levels occur in many benign gynecologic conditions, we set out to identify other novel biomarkers that would increase the sensitivity and specificity of CA125...

..The results also suggest that if validated in prospectively defined clinical trials this classifier might identify candidates for targeted therapy that are overlooked with current diagnostic approaches...

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..In summary, these findings suggest that Periostin may promote invasion and angiogenesis in OSCC, and that Periostin can be a strong marker for prediction of metastasis in oral cancer patients...

..This integrated approach could help to identify candidate players in gastric carcinogenesis and progression. These genes are potential markers of gastric cancer regardless of stage...

..Finally, the strong mesothelin reactivity seen in the adenomatoid tumors (3 of 3) provides further support for a mesothelial derivation for this lesion...

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..Particular focus is on recent studies into the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of the disease, recent chemotherapy trials, and newer methods of staging and screening for this devastating malignancy...

..This systematic review examines studies using biochemical markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in order to appraise their role in contemporary management algorithms...

..Identification of such a marker would be useful in diagnosis of mesothelioma and for monitoring responses to treatment and screening at-risk individuals...

..Epidermal growth factor receptor might be a poor prognostic factor for survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The amplitude of the impact is small, however, and may be subject to publication bias...

..T-plastin, on the other hand, is possibly involved in DNA repair. Finally, both T- and L-plastin are implicated in several diseases, and L-plastin is considered to be a valuable marker for cancer...

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..The simultaneous determination of GPC3 and AFP may significantly increase the sensitivity for diagnosis of HCC...

..This review summarizes the recent understanding of Periostin roles in tumor development and speculates on the usefulness of Periostin as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for cancer...

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..Using tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) high throughput MS technology we evaluated the utility of selected markers and this technology for discriminating between CRC and healthy subjects...

..It is widely perceived that BLBC and TN tumors are synonymous and BLBC can be defined using a TN definition without the need for the expression of basal markers...

..We examined variation in biomarker expression rates between subtypes, and how this influences correlations between biomarker expression and stage at diagnosis or prognosis...

..We searched the human genome for novel genes including ncRNAs related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

..The study aim to identify novel molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer by gene expression profiling with linkage to clinical and pathologic features...

..MR-determined metabolic phenotype may have a future role as a supplement for clinical decision-making-concerning adjuvant treatment and the adaptation to more individualised treatment protocols...

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..This work forms the basis for further functional studies, which will help to confirm the MMPs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in early bladder cancer...

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..It is not known whether EGFR plays a similar role in esophageal and EGJ adenocarcinomas...

..To date there are no data regarding E2F-1 expression and its relationship with tumour kinetics (proliferation, apoptosis) in adenocarcinomas that develop on Barrett oesophagus...

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..In conjunction, osteopontin-c, ER and HER2 reliably predict grade 2-3 breast cancer. Hence, osteopontin-c is a diagnostic and prognostic marker that may have value in a diagnostic panel together with conventional breast cancer markers...

..The study is aimed at determining the prevalence of HER2/neu overexpression in Qatari women with breast cancer and to assess the survival in patients with HER2/neu positive tumors...

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..059). Expression of EP1 is frequently seen in human breast cancers. Nuclear expression of EP1 correlates with good prognosis markers like node negative status and PR expression...

..Further evaluation of hMAM mRNA in combination with other molecular markers to follow post-operative breast cancer patient is warranted...

..Numerous studies have indicated that the FHIT gene on chromosome 3p may play an important role in human neoplasia, although very few studies have investigated the FHIT gene in prostate carcinoma...

..The increased expression of variant CD44 isoforms seen in breast neoplasia may merely be a marker for loss of control of alternative splicing within tumour tissue...

..03) particularly in metastatic cases. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept that NE differentiation in human prostate cancer has a negative prognostic significance. Circulating CgA levels reflect immunohistochemical findings...

..In conclusion, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase is a possible prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil derivatives...

..Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 overexpression were positively correlated...

..We investigated whether monoamine oxidase-A expression correlates with another basal cell protein, CD44, in high grade cancer and whether either is associated with an aggressive phenotype...

..14-3-3 Sigma is an exclusive epithelial marker, and data on its expression in different malignancies are very scarce...

..Therefore it appears that grade III invasive ductal carcinomas contain a subset of tumours with specific morphological and cytogenetic characteristics, and probably prognosis for the patient...

..092). The results of this study highlight the importance of podoplanin expression by CAFs and provide new insights into the biology of the cancer microenvironment in adenocarcinoma of the lung...

..19-.96). Only stage and grade were predictive of tumor recurrence (P = 0.04,.02). We conclude that in completely staged high risk endometrial cancer, commonly used immunohistochemical risk factors are not predictive for recurrence...

..014; Wilcoxon test, p=0.021). It can be concluded that the expression of survivin in tumor cells is a factor of poor prognosis in patients with small adenocarcinoma of the lung...

..041) and disease-free survival (P = .001). MRP1 expression can therefore be used as a potent molecular risk factor and a guide for chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with advanced stages of NPC...

..02; Bonferroni test). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there is an increased MVD in breast cancer with the inflammatory phenotype as compared with breast cancer without the inflammatory phenotype...

..We conclude that KLK9 is a potential new independent favorable prognostic marker for early stage, low-grade, optimally debulked ovarian cancer patients...

..001) and advanced stage (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The regulation of p21(WAF1) seems to occur independently of p53 or AP-2 and analysing p21(WAF1) expression provided no prognostic information for patients with breast cancer...

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..001). Notably, p53 overexpression was associated with distant metastasis of patients in the whole series (P=0.027) and in adenocarcinoma (P=0.001). It was also associated with a poorer survival of patients with adenocarcinoma (P=0.032)...

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..4; 0.9-2.2, p = 0.14). Aberrant expression of 14-3-3sigma may contribute to the outcome of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma...

..These results suggest that the expression of IAP family proteins, especially survivin, is associated with the age-related biological characteristics of colon cancer...

..CONCLUSION: The patients in the present study showed a different pattern of apoptosis positivity compared to other reports. Bax expression may be a useful marker for prognosis of prostate cancer...

..Four different groups, according to their survivin and KAI1 expression levels, correlated with the clinical stage and survival rate. CONCLUSION: KAI1 and survivin expression levels might be prognostic factors in breast cancers...

..Bile acids induced COX-2 expression in human gastric cell lines, suggesting a role of bile reflux in gastric carcinogenesis...

..The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between vascular endothelial cell marker (CD34), matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP9), and DNA content in esophageal carcinoma...

..050). While loss of Fhit correlates with poorer survival in univariate analysis, it is not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis and is thus not of clinical utility...

..High levels of EGFR and Ki-67 are observed in smokers, while never-smokers are characterized by high levels of pAKT and p27...

..Recently, the authors reported a novel cell membrane glycoprotein, dysadherin, which has an anti-cell-cell adhesion function and down-regulates E-cadherin...

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..Expression profiling is expected to provide a new approach for comparisons between normal and cancerous cells, as well as to suggest potential targets for intervention. ..

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..To further define the toxicity of this approach and Specific Aim 3.To determine the impact of this therapy on quality of life. ..

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..Ultimately, we expect that the findings from this study will be translated into improved patient selection and optimized treatment benefits from EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC patients. ..

..Ultimately, we expect that the findings from this study will be translated into improved patient selection and optimized treatment benefits from EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC patients. ..

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..abstract_text> ..

..relevance of many missense mutations will have been determined and provided to the carriers who will then be able to benefit from improved cancer risk assessment, cancer prevention and perhaps even therapeutic strategies ..

..study the cancer relevance of many missense mutations will have been determined and provided to the carriers who will then be able to benefit from improved cancer risk assessment, cancer prevention and perhaps even therapeutic strategies ..

..study the cancer relevance of many missense mutations will have been determined and provided to the carriers who will then be able to benefit from improved cancer risk assessment, cancer prevention and perhaps even therapeutic strategies ..

..The results will provide information for improved risk assessment and could provide targets for breast cancer prevention and therapeutic agents. ..

..The results will provide information for improved risk assessment and could provide targets for breast cancer prevention and therapeutic agents. ..

..relevance of many missense mutations will have been determined and provided to the carriers who will then be able to benefit from improved cancer risk assessment, cancer prevention and perhaps even therapeutic strategies ..

..It may provide the basis to develop interventions to optimize the allocation of colonoscopy effort in programs of CRC screening and surveillance. ..

..Applications of the proposed methods will lead to identification of clinically useful cancer markers. ..

..Thus, the project may involve a complete transition from benchtop to bedside. Finally, the amplified and overexpressed genes may prove useful as important targets of gene, pharmacological, and immunological therapy in the future. ..

..The modifiers may also lead to development of improved risk assessment models that better discriminate between high and lower risk BRCA1 mutation carriers. ..

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..The results from this study are likely to significant advance our knowledge of prostate cancer risk and begin to explore the underlying biological mechanisms for any observed differences. ..

..Theme 4: Provide a resource to the scientific community. We have demonstrated successful collaboration with a wide range of clinical investigators to develop projects that are uniquely suited to a large community-based practice network. ..

..These studies will provide critical data on the occurrence and biological significance of acetaldehyde DNA adducts and their possible role in human cancer. ..

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..The results of these studies should provide new insights into the molecular physiology of this ubiquitous family of Ca2+ release channels. ..

..Data from these experiments will reveal totally new avenues for developing treatments for diabetes. ..

..Despite its importance, effective interventions to improve exercise capacity among lung cancer patients are not available. ..

..Our ultimate goal is to build comprehensive and clinically useful models in designing patient-specific treatment plans and in predicting patients'treatment response and survival. ..

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..which women have increased or decreased risks of developing CBC if they use tamoxifen? (4) Among the CBC cases, how does tamoxifen alter the expression of these tumor markers in first compared to contralateral cancers? ..

..This molecular analysis may also greatly improve diagnostic prediction compared to the cellular pattern recognition currently used by pathologists. ..

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..such as parity and body mass index, modify this association?; and (3) Does the association between DMPA and breast cancer risk vary by histologic type or by the expression of steroid receptors including ERq, ERft, and PR? ..

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..Relevance of this research to public health: By achieving early ovarian cancer diagnosis, it will be possible to reduce the burden of the disease by administration of effective treatment as early as possible. ..

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