escherichia coli adhesins

..coli or those of other bacteria capable of being genetically manipulated may be of use both for reducing and for improving the impact of biofilms in a number of industrial and medical applications...

..Our data suggest that TLR4 is a functional receptor for the adhesin portion of bacterial type 1 fimbria...

..This 'stick-and-roll' adhesion could allow type 1 fimbriated bacteria to move along mannosylated surfaces under relatively low flow conditions and to accumulate preferentially in high shear regions...

..This strongly suggests that FimH forms allosteric catch bonds. The model advances our understanding of both catch bonds and the role of allostery in regulating protein activity...

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..We investigated 32 EAEC isolates, of which only 34.4% were detected with the classical CVD432 probe (detecting pAA virulence plasmids) whereas 65.6% were detected with the AAF probe...

..coli, and that the binding of uropathogenic bacteria to uroplakin Ia may play a key role in mediating the urothelial responses to bacterial attachment...

..Tetramer 4 had a K(d) of 0.45 nM. These clusters were 1000 times more potent than mannose for their capacity to inhibit the binding of E. coli to erythrocytes in vitro...

..The results indicate that not only P fimbriae, but also, certain capsules and the ability to produce the siderophore aerobactin might contribute to persistence of E. coli in the large intestine...

..No protective effects of the FimH156 could be detected, confirming the results of the first experiment. Thus, although the FimH156 induced a strong immune response, it was unable to protect chickens against APEC...

..coli used for challenge. Hence vaccination of broiler breeders to induce anti-PapG and anti-IutA antibodies may provide passive protection of progeny chicks against respiratory/septicemic disease caused by APEC...

..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a vaccine based on FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriated E. coli is a potential method of preventing urinary tract infection in women with DM...

..Our data argue that SurA is required within bladder epithelial cells for UPEC to undergo the morphological changes that underlie IBC maturation and completion of the UTI pathogenic cascade...

..In animal studies and in a phase 1 study, this vaccine has proven to be both immunogenic and safe. In this era of increasing resistance to antibiotics, such a method of prevention is of high importance...

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..Our results indicate that a recombinant truncated FimH adhesin plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is a suitable immunogenic combination that can contribute to the development of a highly efficacious urinary tract infection vaccine...

..Our results imply that the carbohydrate expression profile of targeted host tissues and of natural inhibitors in urine, such as Tamm-Horsfall protein, are stronger determinants of adhesion than FimH variation...

..Our results suggest that beta1 integrin is a common receptor for AfaD invasins and that additional AfaD-type-specific receptors exist...

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..Taken together, these findings indicate that FimH induces host cell signalling cascades that are involved in E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC and CD48 is a putative HBMEC receptor for FimH...

..coli (EHEC) possess a sequence variation within the mannose-binding pocket of FimH, suggesting a naturally occurring mechanism of attenuation in EHEC bacteria that would prevent them from being targeted to the urinary tract...

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..The ability of FimH to function as a force sensor provides a molecular mechanism for discrimination between surface-exposed and soluble receptor molecules...

..Our data do not suggest a role for type 1 fimbriae or motility in biofilm formation. EAEC appears to form a novel biofilm, which may be mediated solely by AAF and may reflect its interactions with the intestinal mucosa...

..Results from this study shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of urinary tract infections and may aid in the design of glyco-mimetic inhibitors for preventing and treating this disease...

..These results indicate that LPS is required for bacterial invasion to enhance host responses to E. coli within the bladder...

..Furthermore, we show by receptor immunoelectron microscopy that the FimH protein is located laterally in the structure of the type 1 fimbriae...

..The variable profile of virulence genes in septicemic E. coli strains, as well as a prevalence of mobility-related sequences point out the existence of a "mix and match" combinatorial system...

..This protein is antigenically conserved among strains with different pilin serotypes and is located at the pilus tip...

..The bipartite nature of the type 1 pilus was also demonstrated on pili purified from clinical isolates of members of the Enterobacteriaceae family arguing that it is a conserved feature of the type 1 pilus...

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..The present results reinforce the importance of MR/P as a virulence factor in P. mirabilis due to its association with AA and biofilm formation, which is an important step for the establishment of UTI in catheterized patients...

..These findings might be applied in the design of biomatrices for bioremediation purposes or in the development of sensors for detection of heavy metals...

..With recent advances in the identification, characterization, and isolation of other adhesins, similar approaches are being explored to prevent infections, from otitis media and dental caries to pneumonia and sepsis...

..Hence, vaccination for colibacillosis is not widely practised because of the large variety of serogroups involved in field outbreaks...

..Here we report that a functional form of the FimH receptor-binding domain can be readily isolated and characterised by replacing the C-terminal domain with a histidine tag...

..coli are under strong positive selection (Dn/Ds > 1 for fimH and papG) for functionally adaptive amino acid replacements...

..Invaded bacteria replicate and mature into dense, biofilm-like inclusions in preparation of fluxing and of infection of neighbouring cells, being the major cause of the troublesome recurrent urinary tract infections...

..Cumulatively, these results indicate that beta1 and alpha3 integrins are functionally important receptors for type 1 pili-expressing bacteria within the urinary tract and possibly at other sites within the host...

..Published by Elsevier GmbH...

..A donor strand complementation mechanism in which the chaperone donates a strand to complete the pilin domain explains the basis for both chaperone function and pilus biogenesis...

..This study elucidated the molecular structure and the degree of conservation of FimH and FimA among various avian pathogenic E. coli strains...

..Shear stress-enhanced reduction of bacterial detachment has major physiological and therapeutic implications and needs to be considered when developing and screening drugs...

..03). Thus, group B2 strains appear to possess yet unidentified traits that enhance their survival in the human intestine...

..This information can be used in attempts to develop optimized peptides and peptidomimetics that inhibit pilus assembly in pathogenic bacteria...

..The existing structures give insight into the molecular basis of the diversity in fimbrial lectins...

..A shear-dependent conversion of the adhesion mode is also exhibited by P-fimbriated E. coli adhering to digalactose surfaces...

..coli. We foresee that our findings will spark new ideas and initiatives for the development of UTI vaccines and anti-adhesive drugs to prevent anticipated and recurrent UTIs...

..Here we review the diverse mechanisms and consequences of host cell invasion by UPEC, focusing also on the impact of these processes on the persistence and recurrence of UTIs...

..Furthermore, the donor strand exchange assembly mechanism between subunits was found to be necessary for subunit translocation across the outer membrane usher...

..This mechanism of small periplasmic chaperone function described here deviates from classical hsp60 chaperone-assisted folding...

..Taken together, these data suggest that FimH-mediated invasion is dependent on GTP-binding protein activity that involves Cdc42 and PI 3-kinase activation probably upstream of Rac1...

..coli to abiotic surfaces. The potential use of the RExBAD approach to study the function of cryptic or uncharacterized genes in large-scale postgenomic functional analyses is discussed...

..This shift provides a mechanism for FimH-mediated shear-enhanced adhesion by enabling the adhesin to form catch bond-like interactions that are longer lived at high tensile force...

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..Increases in antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli have been paralleled by an increasing incidence of E. coli sepsis, suggesting a possible link between resistance and virulence...

..The data support a model in which binding of the chaperone-adhesin complex to the usher stabilizes the usher in an assembly-competent conformation and allows initiation of pilus assembly...

..These data confirm that ExPEC representing known virulent clones are highly prevalent in canine feces, which consequently may provide a reservoir of ExPEC for acquisition by humans...

..The study indicates that UTI FimH variants possess adaptations that enhance biofilm formation and suggests a novel role for FimH in UTIs associated with medical implants such as catheters...

..We conclude that PapG-mediated adherence breaks mucosal inertia in the human urinary tract by triggering innate immunity and propose that this activation step differentiates asymptomatic carriage from infection...

..An association between the AAF/adhesin genotypes and the subtypes/scores of phenotypic properties was sought and it was observed that strains harboring same adhesins displayed different subtypes/scores and vice versa...

..These studies describe an EPEC plasmid-encoded fimbrial gene, a candidate for the elusive EPEC adherence factor responsible for localized adherence...

..Limited uroepithelial cell adherence was observed in vivo, and weak D-mannose-sensitive hemagglutination was detected after extended growth in urine in vitro...

..These results suggest that the duplex PCR performed in this experiment is a more reliable method for identification of F18+E. coli, and that F18 is a more important virulence factor of VTEC and VTEC/ETEC...

..5K and 14.5K proteins. We have determined the amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence of the adhesion protein. This sequence shows limited homology with the amino-terminal sequences of several E. coli pilins, including type 1...

..There, the histone H1 molecules stabilize the sulfatide-fimbriae interaction by simultaneously binding to the membrane and to 987P...

..Finally, the presence of other, unknown virulence factors and the way that an Afa/Dr DAEC strain emerges from the human intestinal microbiota as a "silent pathogen" are discussed...

..Several EPEC strains (i.e., O153:H7 and O157:H2) lacked these genes but did adhere to HeLa cells and produced attaching and effacing lesions in rabbits...

..16, Zm = 17.9 for the K88acR locus. The estimated recombination rates, smaller in males than in females, are consistent with the order TF-K88abR-K88acR. This linkage thus localizes the K88 loci, as the TF locus, on chromosome 13...

..Furthermore, we found that the putative ATPases BfpD and BfpF play antagonistic roles in BFP biogenesis and retraction, respectively, by interacting with distinct domains of the BFP biogenesis machine...

..5 and 21.9 kDa were detected. The 21.9-kDa band was identified as the major subunit of F6 fimbrial antigen in strains of serogroups O9 and O141. The 17.5-kDa band was associated with porcine strains of serogroups O9 and O20...

..These functional trade-offs may determine the natural populational instability of this mutation or other pathoadaptive FimH mutations that confer dramatic increases in 1M binding strength...

..Our findings show that uropathogenic E. coli isolates from different species can have the same papG alleles and thus may have zoonotic potential...

..In contrast to other filamentous adhesin systems, Pix pili are mainly expressed in the steady state growth phase and were not repressed by the addition of glucose...

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..coli DH5alpha lda(+) clone to HEp-2 cells. Electron microscopy revealed a nonfimbrial structure surrounding the bacterial cell...

..In conclusion, both host and E coli virulence factors contribute to the development of upper UTI, and less virulent strains can cause upper UTI in hosts with predisposing factors...

..In conclusion, this study demonstrates that type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, S fimbriae, and afimbrial adhesin I are not required for UPEC to adhere to and invade uroepithelial cells...

..This study provides new data on the prevalence and variability of physical genetic linkage between pap and certain virulence-associated genes that are consistent with their colocalization on archetypal PAIs...

..This suggests that the mechanical properties of the fimbrial shaft have codeveloped to optimize the stability of the terminal adhesive under flow...

..The implications of these results with regard to the selection of potential vaccine antigens for the prevention of urinary tract infection are discussed...

..Based on these results, we suggest that the 60MDa plasmid have adhesion genes, which may be responsible for the initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract of chickens...

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..Finally, the papGII and papGIII sequences showed high homology with mammalian (including human) source papG sequences...

..Our results support the notion that for strains with reduced capacity to express fimbriae, the ability to grow fast in human urine becomes crucial for colonization of the urinary tract...

..These Abs prevent bacterial attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. These results open the way for the development of an efficient vaccine strategy against rabbit EPEC infections...

..Our data evidence a role for TIF in the AA pattern and in EAEC biofilm formation, demonstrating that these phenotypes are multifactorial...

..coli infection in patients with acute pyelonephritis and a normal urinary tract, while urinary tract abnormalities and/or obstruction may permit ascending infection of E. coli strains with lower adhesive ability...

..Determination of bacterial virulence factors causing urinary tract infections in children may be helpful in the prognosis of the course of the disease...

..This could then expedite the intimate adherence phase of the multi-step EPEC colonization process by drawing the organisms closer to the host-cell plasma membrane...

..We present evidence that autoaggregating versions of FimH also occur in nature. Our results stress the highly adaptive nature of the ubiquitous FimH adhesin...

..These data demonstrate several activities for YapC that may function during Y. pestis infection...

The Dr family of Escherichia coli adhesins are virulence factors associated with diarrhea and urinary tract infections. Dr fimbriae are comprised of two subunits...

..Interestingly, although apoptosis pathways were not engaged, C1845-infected PLB-985 cells displayed enhanced removal by macrophages, a process that may participate in the resolution of Afa/Dr DAEC infection and related inflammation...

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..In conclusion, the CPE is the first example of an Esp-dependent but Eae (intimin)-independent alteration of the host cell cytoskeleton by certain EPEC strains...

..pylori with Salmonella vaccine strains expressing CD4(+) T-cell epitopes...

..11). These data suggest that Iha(CFT073) is a virulence factor and might be a target for anti-UTI interventions...

..Moreover, recognition of CEA is accompanied by an activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 and by a phosphorylation of ERM, which in turn elicit the observed cell surface microvilli-like extensions...

..Moreover, the results revealed that other pathogenic factor(s) distinct from the Afa/Dr adhesins may play(s) a crucial role in this mechanism of pathogenicity...

..coli with infectious potential for humans...

..The long-term goal of our project is to characterize mechanism of infection associated PTL/PTD and the role of the host and pathogen factors interacting at the urogenital interphase in birth outcome...

..The long-term goal of our project is to characterize mechanism of infection associated PTL/PTD and the role of the host and pathogen factors interacting at the urogenital interphase in birth outcome...

..abstract_text> ..

..We will determine genetic changes that contribute to emergence of Salmonella that are infecting warm-blooded animals and cause typhoid or non-typhoid disease in humans. ..

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..Studies proposed here will serve as model ones to provide a spectrum of novel information regarding shear effects on bacterial adhesion, particularlyin connection to the bacterial pathogenesis. ..

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..Does the research address a current and compelling problem of antimicrobial resistance that is of high public health importance and for which research is needed? [yes]. ..

..We will determine genetic changes that contribute to emergence of Salmonella that are infecting warm-blooded animals and cause typhoid or non-typhoid disease in humans. ..

..Studies proposed here will serve as model ones to provide a spectrum of novel information regarding shear effects on bacterial adhesion, particularly in connection to the bacterial pathogenesis. ..

....

..Studies proposed here will serve as model ones to provide a spectrum of novel information regarding shear effects on bacterial adhesion, particularlyin connection to the bacterial pathogenesis. ..

..The investigators propose to evaluate in three Specific Aims the general hypothesis that cross-linking of DAF on human monocytes/macrophages by E. coli bearing Dr fimbriae inhibits IL-2 production. ..

..Such information may be useful in optimizing methods to prevent dissemination of pathogens from the human gut. ..

..new and deeper insights into the process of AEEC colonization, and a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms controlling expression, which will be a basis for developing novel therapeutics and simplified diagnostic tests ..

..Results of the proposed experiments may illuminate new targets for intervention therapies that disrupt biofilm formation. This may lead to more effective treatment of catheter-associated infections. ..

..new and deeper insights into the process of AEEC colonization, and a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms controlling expression, which will be a basis for developing novel therapeutics and simplified diagnostic tests ..

..new and deeper insights into the process of AEEC colonization, and a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms controlling expression, which will be a basis for developing novel therapeutics and simplified diagnostic tests ..

..This project will determine the prevalence of RANTES as a novel IC biomarker in urines and then quantify the efficacy of mechanistically-directed therapies in murine models. ..

..Thus, once we are able to establish the ps1 delivery technology, we will move forward to use current models for Sj"gren's Syndrome to test if disease progression can be reduced. ..

..Thus, from these studies we will learn the specific mechanisms induced by this anti-inflammatory vaccine. ..

..All faculty members of the Program have individual NIH grants or other forms of support. The application is for 5 years, with 5 predoctoral trainees requested for each of years 01 -05. ..

..These studies will provide new insights regarding the participation of mast cells in innate host defense against pathogenic gram negative bacteria. ..

..These studies will provide the basis for future development of subunit vaccines to target the NALT for eliciting protective immunity in the oral cavity and SALT. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..In addition, identification of the components that allow a simple organism to enter an animal cell could result in new techniques to introduce therapeutic agents that would otherwise not be able to enter the host cell...

..Thus, from these studies we will learn the specific mechanisms induced by this anti-inflammatory vaccine. ..

..These studies will advance knowledge of the role of GSLs and caveolae, fundamental cellular components, in the pathogenesis of E. coli UTI. ..

..These studies will advance knowledge of the role of GSLs and caveolae, fundamental cellular components, in the pathogenesis ofE. coli UTI. ..

..Thus, this project will determine the role of TNF in bladder inflammation and examine a potential therapy for IC. ..

..n. challenge with CT. From this work, we will learn how routes of immunizations can be used to effectively target vaccines to nonintestinal mucosal sites. ..