periplasmic binding proteins

Summary

Summary: Periplasmic proteins that scavenge or sense diverse nutrients. In the bacterial environment they usually couple to transporters or chemotaxis receptors on the inner bacterial membrane.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Periplasmic binding proteins: a versatile superfamily for protein engineering
    Mary A Dwyer
    Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Curr Opin Struct Biol 14:495-504. 2004
  2. ncbi Ligand-free open-closed transitions of periplasmic binding proteins: the case of glutamine-binding protein
    Guillermo A Bermejo
    Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Biochemistry 49:1893-902. 2010
  3. ncbi The bacterial periplasmic histidine-binding protein. structure/function analysis of the ligand-binding site and comparison with related proteins
    B H Oh
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
    J Biol Chem 269:4135-43. 1994
  4. ncbi Binding and signaling of surface-immobilized reagentless fluorescent biosensors derived from periplasmic binding proteins
    Robert M de Lorimier
    Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Protein Sci 15:1936-44. 2006
  5. ncbi The iron-responsive Fur regulon in Yersinia pestis
    He Gao
    College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People s Republic of China
    J Bacteriol 190:3063-75. 2008
  6. ncbi The Escherichia coli btuE gene, encodes a glutathione peroxidase that is induced under oxidative stress conditions
    Felipe A Arenas
    Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 398:690-4. 2010
  7. ncbi Probing protein-protein interactions. The ribose-binding protein in bacterial transport and chemotaxis
    A J Björkman
    Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
    J Biol Chem 269:30206-11. 1994
  8. ncbi The crystal structure of a thermophilic glucose binding protein reveals adaptations that interconvert mono and di-saccharide binding sites
    Matthew J Cuneo
    The Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    J Mol Biol 362:259-70. 2006
  9. ncbi The Tsr chemosensory transducer of Escherichia coli assembles into the cytoplasmic membrane via a SecA-dependent process
    J F Gebert
    Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany
    J Biol Chem 263:16652-60. 1988
  10. ncbi Model of maltose-binding protein/chemoreceptor complex supports intrasubunit signaling mechanism
    Y Zhang
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:939-44. 1999

Detail Information

Publications175 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Periplasmic binding proteins: a versatile superfamily for protein engineering
    Mary A Dwyer
    Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Curr Opin Struct Biol 14:495-504. 2004
    ..Extensively redesigned periplasmic binding proteins have been re-introduced into bacteria to function in synthetic signal transduction pathways that ..
  2. ncbi Ligand-free open-closed transitions of periplasmic binding proteins: the case of glutamine-binding protein
    Guillermo A Bermejo
    Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Biochemistry 49:1893-902. 2010
    ..ability to undergo large-scale domain rearrangements is essential for the substrate-binding function of periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs), which are indispensable for nutrient uptake in Gram-negative bacteria...
  3. ncbi The bacterial periplasmic histidine-binding protein. structure/function analysis of the ligand-binding site and comparison with related proteins
    B H Oh
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
    J Biol Chem 269:4135-43. 1994
    Bacterial periplasmic binding proteins are initial receptors in the process of active transport across cell membranes and/or chemotaxis...
  4. ncbi Binding and signaling of surface-immobilized reagentless fluorescent biosensors derived from periplasmic binding proteins
    Robert M de Lorimier
    Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Protein Sci 15:1936-44. 2006
    ..binding, kinetics, and signal transduction of reagentless fluorescent biosensors based on engineered periplasmic binding proteins. We used thermostable ribose and glucose binding proteins cloned from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis ..
  5. ncbi The iron-responsive Fur regulon in Yersinia pestis
    He Gao
    College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People s Republic of China
    J Bacteriol 190:3063-75. 2008
    ..The data presented here give us an overview of the iron-responsive Fur regulon in Y. pestis...
  6. ncbi The Escherichia coli btuE gene, encodes a glutathione peroxidase that is induced under oxidative stress conditions
    Felipe A Arenas
    Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 398:690-4. 2010
    ..coli response to reactive oxygen species. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a glutathione peroxidase in E. coli...
  7. ncbi Probing protein-protein interactions. The ribose-binding protein in bacterial transport and chemotaxis
    A J Björkman
    Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
    J Biol Chem 269:30206-11. 1994
    ..2-A resolution) showed that the changes in local structure were accompanied by a diffuse pattern of structural changes in the surrounding region, implying that the suppression derives from a combination of sources...
  8. ncbi The crystal structure of a thermophilic glucose binding protein reveals adaptations that interconvert mono and di-saccharide binding sites
    Matthew J Cuneo
    The Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    J Mol Biol 362:259-70. 2006
    b>Periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) comprise a protein superfamily that is involved in prokaryotic solute transport and chemotaxis. These proteins have been used to engineer reagentless biosensors to detect natural or non-natural ligands...
  9. ncbi The Tsr chemosensory transducer of Escherichia coli assembles into the cytoplasmic membrane via a SecA-dependent process
    J F Gebert
    Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany
    J Biol Chem 263:16652-60. 1988
    ..Moreover, assembly of the Tsr protein seems to be closely coupled to its synthesis...
  10. ncbi Model of maltose-binding protein/chemoreceptor complex supports intrasubunit signaling mechanism
    Y Zhang
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:939-44. 1999
    ....
  11. ncbi Genetic organization of the yersiniabactin biosynthetic region and construction of avirulent mutants in Yersinia pestis
    S W Bearden
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536 0084, USA
    Infect Immun 65:1659-68. 1997
    ..Finally, Y. pestis strains with mutations in either the psn or irp2 gene were avirulent in mice when inoculated subcutaneously...
  12. ncbi Maltose transport system of Escherichia coli: an ABC-type transporter
    H Nikaido
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
    FEBS Lett 346:55-8. 1994
    ..In addition, MBP performs a special function in the translocation of the larger ligands, maltodextrins, perhaps by aligning them for entry into the channel...
  13. ncbi Multiple open forms of ribose-binding protein trace the path of its conformational change
    A J Björkman
    Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden
    J Mol Biol 279:651-64. 1998
    ..It seems certain that the conformational path that links the forms described here is that followed during ligand retrieval, and in ligand release into the membrane-bound permease system...
  14. ncbi Crystallographic and biochemical analyses of the metal-free Haemophilus influenzae Fe3+-binding protein
    C M Bruns
    Department of Molecular Biology MB8, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    Biochemistry 40:15631-7. 2001
    ..4 x 10(18) M(-1)). This high-affinity ligand binding process is unique among the family of bacterial periplasmic binding proteins and has interesting implications in the mechanism of iron removal from the Fe(3+)-binding proteins ..
  15. ncbi Computational design of a biologically active enzyme
    Mary A Dwyer
    Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    Science 304:1967-71. 2004
    ..The inherent generality of the design method suggests that many enzymes can be designed by this approach...
  16. ncbi Green fluorescent protein functions as a reporter for protein localization in Escherichia coli
    B J Feilmeier
    Department of Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
    J Bacteriol 182:4068-76. 2000
    ..These results suggest that GFP could serve as a useful reporter for genetic analysis of bacterial protein export and of protein folding...
  17. ncbi Structure of D-allose binding protein from Escherichia coli bound to D-allose at 1.8 A resolution
    B N Chaudhuri
    Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 751 24, Sweden
    J Mol Biol 286:1519-31. 1999
    ..Thus, ALBP can function as a low affinity transporter for D-ribose. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of the function of allose and ribose transport systems...
  18. ncbi The role of the synergistic phosphate anion in iron transport by the periplasmic iron-binding protein from Haemophilus influenzae
    Ali G Khan
    Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
    Biochem J 403:43-8. 2007
    ..The results suggest that the transport of iron by FbpA is not dependent on binding of phosphate in the synergistic anion-binding site...
  19. ncbi Mechanism of maltose transport in Escherichia coli: transmembrane signaling by periplasmic binding proteins
    A L Davidson
    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:2360-4. 1992
    ....
  20. ncbi The backbone structure of the thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis ribose binding protein is essentially identical to its mesophilic E. coli homolog
    Matthew J Cuneo
    The Institute for Biological Structure and Design and the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
    BMC Struct Biol 8:20. 2008
    ..Of particular interest are pairs of homologous structures that are structurally very similar, but differ significantly in thermal stability...
  21. ncbi Identification and characterization of dppA, an Escherichia coli gene encoding a periplasmic dipeptide transport protein
    E R Olson
    Molecular Biology Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007
    J Bacteriol 173:234-44. 1991
    ..Transcription of dppA is repressed by the presence of casamino acids, suggesting that the cell alters its dipeptide transport capabilities in response to an environmental signal...
  22. ncbi The structure of the ferric siderophore binding protein FhuD complexed with gallichrome
    T E Clarke
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N W, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
    Nat Struct Biol 7:287-91. 2000
    ..FhuD possesses a novel fold, suggesting that its mechanisms of ligand binding and release are different from other structurally characterized periplasmic ligand binding proteins...
  23. ncbi Computational design of receptor and sensor proteins with novel functions
    Loren L Looger
    Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Nature 423:185-90. 2003
    ..The biological and biosensing activities of the designed receptors illustrate potential applications of computational design...
  24. ncbi Treponema pallidum TroA is a periplasmic zinc-binding protein with a helical backbone
    Y H Lee
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235 8884, USA
    Nat Struct Biol 6:628-33. 1999
    ..This unique backbone helical conformation was possibly adopted to limit the hinge motion associated with ligand exchange...
  25. ncbi X-ray structures of the leucine-binding protein illustrate conformational changes and the basis of ligand specificity
    Ulrika Magnusson
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, S 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
    J Biol Chem 279:8747-52. 2004
    ..Comparison with earlier structures provides further information about solution conformations, as well as the different specificity of the closely related leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein...
  26. ncbi Analysis of ligand binding to a ribose biosensor using site-directed mutagenesis and fluorescence spectroscopy
    Natalie C Vercillo
    Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Center for Sciences, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
    Protein Sci 16:362-8. 2007
    ..The data collected from this study may be incorporated into design algorithms to help create more stable biosensors and optimize signal transduction properties for a variety of important analytes...
  27. ncbi Inactivation of the pst system reduces the virulence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 strain
    Martin G Lamarche
    Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP, , , C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, , Canada J2S 7C6
    Infect Immun 73:4138-45. 2005
    ..coli strains from different hosts...
  28. ncbi The structure of Escherichia coli BtuF and binding to its cognate ATP binding cassette transporter
    Elizabeth L Borths
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 114 96, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:16642-7. 2002
    ..These glutamate and arginine residues are conserved among binding proteins and ABC transporters mediating iron and B12 uptake, suggesting that they may have a role in docking and the transmission of conformational changes...
  29. ncbi 2 A resolution structure of DppA, a periplasmic dipeptide transport/chemosensory receptor
    A V Nickitenko
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Biochemistry 34:16585-95. 1995
    The family of about 50 periplasmic binding proteins, which exhibit diverse specificity (e.g...
  30. ncbi The crystal structure of Zn(II)-free Treponema pallidum TroA, a periplasmic metal-binding protein, reveals a closed conformation
    Yong Hwan Lee
    Department of Biochemistry, The University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
    J Bacteriol 184:2300-4. 2002
    ..Ligand binding and release by TroA, and presumably by other members of the MBP cluster, differs from the "Venus flytrap" mechanism utilized by bacterial nonmetal solute-binding receptors...
  31. ncbi The Treponema pallidum tro operon encodes a multiple metal transporter, a zinc-dependent transcriptional repressor, and a semi-autonomously expressed phosphoglycerate mutase
    Karsten R O Hazlett
    Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 3710, USA
    J Biol Chem 278:20687-94. 2003
    ..Our data also indicate that Gpm expression and, therefore, glycolysis would not be abrogated when T. pallidum encounters high Zn2+ levels...
  32. ncbi DING proteins; novel members of a prokaryotic phosphate-binding protein superfamily which extends into the eukaryotic kingdom
    Anne Berna
    Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du C N R S, Universite Louis Pasteur, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:170-5. 2008
    ..Though it has been claimed that all such proteins may originate from pseudomonads, many eukaryotic DING proteins have unique features which are incompatible with a bacterial origin...
  33. ncbi Molecular cloning and characterization of genes required for ribose transport and utilization in Escherichia coli K-12
    A Iida
    J Bacteriol 158:674-82. 1984
    ..Mutants defective in this transport system, but normal for ribokinase , are able to grow normally on high concentrations of the sugar, indicating that there is at least a second, low-affinity transport system for ribose in E. coli K-12...
  34. ncbi Mutations which alter the function of the signal sequence of the maltose binding protein of Escherichia coli
    H Bedouelle
    Nature 285:78-81. 1980
    ..In most cases, the change of a single hydrophobic or uncharged amino acid to a charged amino acid within the signal sequence is sufficient to block the secretion process...
  35. ncbi Probing the structural role of an alpha beta loop of maltose-binding protein by mutagenesis: heat-shock induction by loop variants of the maltose-binding protein that form periplasmic inclusion bodies
    J M Betton
    Department des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
    J Mol Biol 262:140-50. 1996
    ..We found that the extent of formation of inclusion bodies in the periplasm of E. coli, from misfolded loop variant MBPs, correlated with the level of heat-shock response regulated by the alternate heat-shock sigma factor, sigma 24...
  36. ncbi Ambidextrous transcriptional activation by SoxS: requirement for the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit in a subset of Escherichia coli superoxide-inducible genes
    K W Jair
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228, USA
    Mol Microbiol 19:307-17. 1996
    ..Indeed, the -35 hexamers of the zwf and fpr promoters lie downstream of the respective MalE-SoxS binding sites, while the binding sites of fumC, micF, nfo, and sodA overlap their -35 promoter hexamers...
  37. ncbi Recruitment of ZipA to the division site by interaction with FtsZ
    Z Liu
    Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA
    Mol Microbiol 31:1853-61. 1999
    ..These results are consistent with ZipA acting after Z ring formation, possibly to link the membrane to FtsZ filaments during invagination of the septum...
  38. ncbi Structural biology. Not just another ABC transporter
    Amy L Davidson
    Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Science 296:1038-40. 2002
  39. ncbi Molecular cloning and characterization of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B rma Gene, which confers multiple drug resistance in Escherichia coli
    Mahmoud A Yassien
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:360-6. 2002
    ..Furthermore, overexpression of rma in E. coli caused changes in the outer membrane protein profile that were similar to those reported for MarA. These results suggest that Rma might act as a transcriptional activator of the marA regulon...
  40. ncbi Genomic arrangement of a putative operon involved in maltose transport in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae
    S M Borich
    Mycobacteriology Research Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    Microbios 102:7-15. 2000
    ..leprae...
  41. ncbi ATP modulates subunit-subunit interactions in an ATP-binding cassette transporter (MalFGK2) determined by site-directed chemical cross-linking
    S Hunke
    Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie Bakterienphysiologie, Chausseestrasse 117, D 10115 Berlin, Germany
    J Biol Chem 275:15526-34. 2000
    ..These interactions are strongly modulated by MgATP, indicating a structural rearrangement of the subunits during the transport cycle. These data are discussed with respect to current transport models...
  42. ncbi Topological characterization of the essential Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsN
    K Dai
    Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA
    J Bacteriol 178:1328-34. 1996
    ..It is concluded that the N-terminal, cytoplasmic, and transmembrane domains of FtsN are not required for function of the carboxy domain other than to transport it to the periplasm. FtsQ and FtsI were also analyzed...
  43. ncbi Folding of a mutant maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli which forms inclusion bodies
    J M Betton
    Departement des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
    J Biol Chem 271:8046-52. 1996
    ..5 kcal/mol) and that folding intermediates have a high tendency to form aggregates. In conclusion, the observed phenotype of cells expressing malE31 can be explained by a defective folding pathway of the protein...
  44. ncbi Cell division in Escherichia coli: role of FtsL domains in septal localization, function, and oligomerization
    J M Ghigo
    Unité des Membranes Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur CNRS URA 1300, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
    J Bacteriol 182:116-29. 2000
    ..This coiled-coil motif is conserved in all gram-negative and gram-positive FtsL homologues identified so far. Our data suggest that most of the FtsL molecule is a helical coiled coil involved in FtsL multimerization...
  45. ncbi An Escherichia coli gene (yaeO) suppresses temperature-sensitive mutations in essential genes by modulating Rho-dependent transcription termination
    S Pichoff
    Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire du CNRS, Toulouse, France
    Mol Microbiol 29:859-69. 1998
    ..Our data indicate that the suppression is not caused by overexpression of the mutated genes, but presumably by indirect stabilization of the mutated proteins...
  46. ncbi Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system
    Angela Tramonti
    Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A Rossi Fanelli, Centro di Biologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
    J Bacteriol 184:2603-13. 2002
    ..Gel shift and DNase I footprinting analyses with a MalE-GadX fusion protein demonstrate that GadX binds gadA and gadBC promoters at different sites and with different binding affinities...
  47. ncbi Domain-swapping analysis of FtsI, FtsL, and FtsQ, bitopic membrane proteins essential for cell division in Escherichia coli
    L M Guzman
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Bacteriol 179:5094-103. 1997
    ....
  48. ncbi MinCD-independent inhibition of cell division by a protein that fuses MalE to the topological specificity factor MinE
    S Pichoff
    Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire du CNRS, Toulouse, France
    J Bacteriol 179:4616-9. 1997
    ..We also report that high-level synthesis of MalE disturbs nucleoid partitioning...
  49. ncbi Subunit interactions in ABC transporters: a conserved sequence in hydrophobic membrane proteins of periplasmic permeases defines an important site of interaction with the ATPase subunits
    M Mourez
    Unite de Programmation Moleculaire et Toxicologie Genetique, CNRS URA 1444, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
    EMBO J 16:3066-77. 1997
    ..They map mainly in the putative helical domain of MalK, suggesting that EAA regions may constitute a recognition site for the ABC ATPase helical domain...
  50. ncbi Transmembrane topology of the two FhuB domains representing the hydrophobic components of bacterial ABC transporters involved in the uptake of siderophores, haem and vitamin B12
    W Groeger
    Universitat Tubingen, Germany
    Microbiology 144:2759-69. 1998
    ..However, in the 'siderophore family' proteins this putative ATPase interaction loop is followed by four instead of two transmembrane spans...
  51. ncbi Unliganded maltose-binding protein triggers lactose transport in an Escherichia coli mutant with an alteration in the maltose transport system
    G Merino
    Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
    J Bacteriol 179:7687-94. 1997
    ..The requirement for MBP confirms that unliganded MBP interacts with the inner membrane MalFGK2 complex and that MBP plays a crucial role in triggering the transport process...
  52. ncbi Maltose-binding protein interacts simultaneously and asymmetrically with both subunits of the Tar chemoreceptor
    P J Gardina
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station 77843 3258, USA
    Mol Microbiol 23:1181-91. 1997
    ....
  53. ncbi prl mutations in the Escherichia coli secG gene
    S Bost
    Departement de Pathologie, Universite de Geneve, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
    J Biol Chem 272:4087-93. 1997
    ..These results support the notion that SecG contributes to signal sequence recognition, and suggest that it may also contribute to the topology of integral membrane proteins...
  54. ncbi Transduction of envelope stress in Escherichia coli by the Cpx two-component system
    T L Raivio
    Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
    J Bacteriol 179:7724-33. 1997
    ..Further, the sequence and phenotypes of periplasmic cpx* mutations suggest that interactions with a periplasmic signaling molecule may normally dictate a decreased kinase/phosphatase ratio under nonstress conditions...
  55. ncbi Degradation versus aggregation of misfolded maltose-binding protein in the periplasm of Escherichia coli
    J M Betton
    Unité de Programmation Moléculaire et de Toxicologie Génétique CNRS URA1444, Departement des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux 75015 Paris, France
    J Biol Chem 273:8897-902. 1998
    ..A kinetic competition between folding, aggregation, and degradation is proposed as a general model for the biogenesis of periplasmic proteins...
  56. ncbi The 1.8-A X-ray structure of the Escherichia coli PotD protein complexed with spermidine and the mechanism of polyamine binding
    S Sugiyama
    Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
    Protein Sci 5:1984-90. 1996
    ....
  57. ncbi Crystal structures and solution conformations of a dominant-negative mutant of Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein
    B H Shilton
    Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden
    J Mol Biol 264:364-76. 1996
    ..A general kinetic framework for transport by either wild-type MalFGK2 or MBP-independent MalFGK2 is used to understand the effects of dominant-negative MBP molecules on both of these systems...
  58. ncbi Crystal structure of PotD, the primary receptor of the polyamine transport system in Escherichia coli
    S Sugiyama
    Protein Engineering Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    J Biol Chem 271:9519-25. 1996
    ..The overall fold of PotD is similar to that of other periplasmic binding proteins, and in particular to the maltodextrin-binding protein from E...
  59. ncbi Structure of the maltodextrin-uptake locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Correlation to the Escherichia coli maltose regulon
    A Puyet
    Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, C S I C, Madrid, Spain
    J Mol Biol 230:800-11. 1993
    ..The processing of mRNA has not been reported in the Gram-negative maltose regulons, and may suggest either a less evolved or a divergent system for the control of gene expression of this regulon in S. pneumoniae...
  60. ncbi E. coli mutant pleiotropically defective in the export of secreted proteins
    D B Oliver
    Cell 25:765-72. 1981
    ..The principle behind the genetic selection employed here should be useful in obtaining other secretion mutants to characterize the cell's secretion machinery...
  61. ncbi Reconstitution of maltose chemotaxis in Escherichia coli by addition of maltose-binding protein to calcium-treated cells of maltose regulon mutants
    J M Brass
    J Bacteriol 157:881-90. 1984
    ....
  62. ncbi The nucleotide sequence of the gene for malF protein, an inner membrane component of the maltose transport system of Escherichia coli. Repeated DNA sequences are found in the malE-malF intercistronic region
    S Froshauer
    J Biol Chem 259:10896-903. 1984
    ..Further analysis of this region may help in understanding the observed step-down in synthesis of the MalF protein...
  63. ncbi Identification of five new essential genes involved in the synthesis of a secreted protein in Escherichia coli
    D B Oliver
    J Bacteriol 161:285-91. 1985
    ..Since mutants in any of seven genes as well as secA amber mutants halt or reduce the synthesis of an exported protein, it appears that E. coli may possess a general and complex mechanism for coupling protein synthesis and secretion...
  64. ncbi Maltose chemotaxis involves residues in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains on the same face of maltose-binding protein
    Y Zhang
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station 77843 3258
    J Biol Chem 267:22813-20. 1992
    ....
  65. ncbi Diverse effects of the MalE-LacZ hybrid protein on Escherichia coli cell physiology
    K Ito
    J Bacteriol 167:201-4. 1986
    ..These results indicate that the hybrid protein somehow generates a signal or stress that is similar to what the cell experiences at elevated temperatures...
  66. ncbi Maltose chemoreceptor of Escherichia coli: interaction of maltose-binding protein and the tar signal transducer
    M Kossmann
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station 77843
    J Bacteriol 170:4516-21. 1988
    ..In turn, arginines at residues 69 and 73 of Tar must be involved in the recognition of maltose-bound MBP and/or in the production of the attractant signal generated by Tar in response to maltose-bound MBP...
  67. ncbi Structure of the L-leucine-binding protein refined at 2.4 A resolution and comparison with the Leu/Ile/Val-binding protein structure
    J S Sack
    Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
    J Mol Biol 206:193-207. 1989
    ..These substitutions, by themselves, fail to clearly explain the differences in the specificities for branched aliphatic amino acids...
  68. ncbi Novel secA alleles improve export of maltose-binding protein synthesized with a defective signal peptide
    J D Fikes
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514
    J Bacteriol 171:402-9. 1989
    ..The properties of these suppressor and insertion mutations provide some insight into the role of SecA in the protein export process...
  69. ncbi Genetic analysis of membrane protein topology by a sandwich gene fusion approach
    M Ehrmann
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:7574-8. 1990
    ..Thus, the sandwich fusion approach can give a more accurate picture of membrane protein topology...
  70. ncbi The 2.3-A resolution structure of the maltose- or maltodextrin-binding protein, a primary receptor of bacterial active transport and chemotaxis
    J C Spurlino
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
    J Biol Chem 266:5202-19. 1991
    ..abstract truncated at 250 words)..
  71. ncbi Membrane insertion of the Escherichia coli MalF protein in cells with impaired secretion machinery
    K McGovern
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
    J Biol Chem 266:20870-6. 1991
    ..Our results suggest that MalF can assemble in the membrane independently of the bacterial secretion machinery...
  72. ncbi Decoding signals for membrane protein assembly using alkaline phosphatase fusions
    K McGovern
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
    EMBO J 10:2773-82. 1991
    ..The strength of cytoplasmic domains as topogenic signals varies, correlated with the density of positively charged amino acids within them...
  73. ncbi Completion of the nucleotide sequence of the 'maltose B' region in Salmonella typhimurium: the high conservation of the malM gene suggests a selected physiological role for its product
    E Schneider
    Universitat Osnabruck, Fachbereich Biologie chemie, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Germany
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1129:223-7. 1992
    ..The malM gene, encoding a periplasmic protein of unknown function in Escherichia coli, is a highly conserved as genes encoding proteins of known function from the same region...
  74. ncbi A new genetic selection identifies essential residues in SecG, a component of the Escherichia coli protein export machinery
    S Bost
    Department de Pathologie, Universite de Geneve, Switzerland
    EMBO J 14:4412-21. 1995
    ..Most suppressors map to secY, and several are allele-specific. Finally, SecG overexpression accelerates the kinetics of protein export, suggesting that there are two types of functional translocation complexes: with or without SecG...
  75. ncbi Membrane insertion of the bacterial signal transduction protein ToxR and requirements of transcription activation studied by modular replacement of different protein substructures
    H Kolmar
    Institut für Molekulare Genetik, George August Universität Göttingen, Germany
    EMBO J 14:3895-904. 1995
    ..Possible applications of ToxR as a technical tool for analysing protein-protein interactions between pairs of arbitrary TM domains are discussed...
  76. ncbi Genetic analysis of periplasmic binding protein dependent transport in Escherichia coli. Each lobe of maltose-binding protein interacts with a different subunit of the MalFGK2 membrane transport complex
    L I Hor
    Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
    J Mol Biol 233:659-70. 1993
    ..The locations of residues 13, 14 and 210 on the three-dimensional structure of MBP are in keeping with this model...
  77. ncbi prlA suppression of defective export of maltose-binding protein in secB mutants of Escherichia coli
    O Francetic
    Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
    J Bacteriol 175:4036-44. 1993
    ..Sako and T. Iino, J. Bacteriol. 170:5389-5391, 1988). Comparison of the prlA1024 mutant and the prlA4 double mutant provides a possible explanation for the isolation of these prlA alleles...
  78. ncbi The role of FhuD2 in iron(III)-hydroxamate transport in Staphylococcus aureus. Demonstration that FhuD2 binds iron(III)-hydroxamates but with minimal conformational change and implication of mutations on transport
    M Tom Sebulsky
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
    J Biol Chem 278:49890-900. 2003
    ....
  79. ncbi Characterization of the structural requirements for assembly and nucleotide binding of an ATP-binding cassette transporter. The maltose transport system of Escherichia coli
    C H Panagiotidis
    Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
    J Biol Chem 268:23685-96. 1993
    ..Excess MalK competed with the MalK-LacZ hybrid protein for sites in the membrane and resulted in the hybrid fractionating as a soluble protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)..
  80. ncbi Regions of maltose-binding protein that influence SecB-dependent and SecA-dependent export in Escherichia coli
    S M Strobel
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599 7290
    J Bacteriol 175:6988-95. 1993
    ..The export of these altered MBP species was also less affected in secA mutant cells and in cells treated with sodium azide. These results present additional evidence for the targeting role of SecB...
  81. ncbi Prediction of the structural similarity between spermidine/putrescine-binding protein and maltose-binding protein
    Y Matsuo
    Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
    FEBS Lett 345:23-6. 1994
    ..The conservation of this motif among certain bacterial periplasmic binding proteins suggests a common functional role for this region as well as an evolutionary relationship between them.
  82. ncbi Molecular cloning of a maltose transport gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus and its expression in Escherichia coli K-12
    E C Liong
    Department of Microbiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
    Mol Gen Genet 243:343-52. 1994
    ..coli mutants. Hence MalA protein was the only protein necessary for maltose transport, but despite giving a detectable but low level of transport function in E. coli, the protein was very poorly expressed and could not be identified...
  83. ncbi Identical mutations at corresponding positions in two homologous proteins with nonidentical effects
    A J Björkman
    Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
    J Biol Chem 269:11196-200. 1994
    ..These results are consistent with the concept that these proteins have slightly different ways of interacting with the membrane components in transport and chemotaxis...
  84. ncbi In vivo studies of the role of SecA during protein export in Escherichia coli
    S Y Chun
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Washington State University, Pullman 99164 4660
    J Bacteriol 176:4197-203. 1994
    ..The results indicate that the mutational change and treatment with sodium azide inhibit export by affecting different steps in the cycle of ATP binding and hydrolysis by SecA...
  85. ncbi Transport of haemin across the cytoplasmic membrane through a haemin-specific periplasmic binding-protein-dependent transport system in Yersinia enterocolitica
    I Stojiljkovic
    Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie II, Tubingen, Germany
    Mol Microbiol 13:719-32. 1994
    ..We propose a model of haemin utilization in Y. enterocolitica in which HemT, HemU and HemV proteins transport haemin into the cytoplasm where it is degraded by HemS thereby liberating the iron...
  86. ncbi Purification of a MalE-SoxS fusion protein and identification of the control sites of Escherichia coli superoxide-inducible genes
    W P Fawcett
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Catonsville 21228
    Mol Microbiol 14:669-79. 1994
    ..Moreover, MalE-SoxS protected from DNase I attack 22-27 bp segments immediately adjacent to or overlapping the -35 hexamers of the zwf, sodA, nfo, micF, and fumC promoters. The protected regions revealed a consensus 'soxbox' sequence...
  87. ncbi Characterization of heme uptake cluster genes in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum
    Susana Mouriño
    Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture and Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
    J Bacteriol 186:6159-67. 2004
    ..The V. anguillarum heme uptake cluster shows some differences in gene arrangement when compared to homologous clusters described for other Vibrio species...
  88. ncbi The topology of the brown adipose tissue mitochondrial uncoupling protein determined with antibodies against its antigenic sites revealed by a library of fusion proteins
    B Miroux
    Centre de Recherches en Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Développement CEREMOD, CNRS, Meudon, France
    EMBO J 12:3739-45. 1993
    ..This topological study together with previous data on the UCP provides an experimental basis for the predicted structure of the UCP and for other homologous carrier proteins...
  89. ncbi Aspartate and maltose-binding protein interact with adjacent sites in the Tar chemotactic signal transducer of Escherichia coli
    P Gardina
    Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station 77843 3258
    J Bacteriol 174:1528-36. 1992
    ..We conclude that aspartate and maltose-binding protein interact with adjacent and partially overlapping regions in the periplasmic domain of Tar to initiate attractant signalling...
  90. ncbi The Campylobacter jejuni PEB1a adhesin is an aspartate/glutamate-binding protein of an ABC transporter essential for microaerobic growth on dicarboxylic amino acids
    Maria del Rocio Leon-Kempis
    Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
    Mol Microbiol 60:1262-75. 2006
    ..It is concluded that in addition to the established role of PEB1a as an adhesin, the PEB1 transport system plays a key role in the utilization of aspartate and glutamate, which may be important in vivo carbon sources for this pathogen...
  91. ncbi Phosphorylation of the periplasmic binding protein in two transport systems for arginine incorporation in Escherichia coli K-12 is unrelated to the function of the transport system
    R T Celis
    Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
    J Bacteriol 180:4828-33. 1998
    ..a common inner membrane transport protein which is able to hydrolyze ATP and also phosphorylate the two periplasmic binding proteins. Previously, a mutant resistant to the toxic effects of canavanine, with low levels of transport ..
  92. ncbi Identification of the LIV-I/LS system as the third phenylalanine transporter in Escherichia coli K-12
    Takashi Koyanagi
    Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
    J Bacteriol 186:343-50. 2004
    ..revealed that the LIV-I/LS system, which is a branched-chain amino acid transporter consisting of two periplasmic binding proteins, the LIV-binding protein (LIV-I system) and LS-binding protein (LS system), and membrane components, ..
  93. ncbi Ferric enterobactin binding and utilization by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    S D Carson
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
    J Bacteriol 181:2895-901. 1999
    ..downstream of fetA, designated fetB, predicted a protein with sequence similarity to the family of periplasmic binding proteins necessary for transporting siderophores through the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria...
  94. ncbi The housekeeping dipeptide permease is the Escherichia coli heme transporter and functions with two optional peptide binding proteins
    Sylvie Létoffé
    Unité des Membranes Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2172, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:12891-6. 2006
    ..coli requires the dipeptide inner membrane ATP-binding cassette transporter (DppBCDF) and either of two periplasmic binding proteins: MppA, the L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate binding protein, or DppA, the dipeptide ..
  95. ncbi Crystal structure of Bordetella pertussis BugD solute receptor unveils the basis of ligand binding in a new family of periplasmic binding proteins
    Isabelle Huvent
    CNRS UMR8117 Institut de Biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP245 59021 Lille cedex, France
    J Mol Biol 356:1014-26. 2006
    b>Periplasmic binding proteins of a new family particularly well represented in Bordetella pertussis have been called Bug receptors. One B...
  96. ncbi Probing the ligand-binding domain of the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor
    D R Hampson
    Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
    J Biol Chem 274:33488-95. 1999
    ..The large extracellular amino-terminal domains (ATDs) of mGluRs are homologous to the periplasmic binding proteins in bacteria...
  97. ncbi Short- and long-term changes in proteome composition and kinetic properties in a culture of Escherichia coli during transition from glucose-excess to glucose-limited growth conditions in continuous culture and vice versa
    L M Wick
    Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology EAWAG, PO Box 611, Uberlandstrasse 133, CH 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
    Environ Microbiol 3:588-99. 2001
    ..Eight of these proteins are periplasmic binding proteins of ABC transporters...
  98. ncbi Expression and purification of the extracellular ligand binding region of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1
    T Okamoto
    Department of Molecular Biology, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6 2 3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan
    J Biol Chem 273:13089-96. 1998
    ..receptor possesses a large extracellular domain that consists of a sequence homologous to the bacterial periplasmic binding proteins and a cysteine-rich region...
  99. ncbi Mechanisms for ligand binding to GluR0 ion channels: crystal structures of the glutamate and serine complexes and a closed apo state
    M L Mayer
    Laboratory of Cellular and MolecularNeurophysiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Building 49, Room 5A78, 49 Convent Drive MSC 4495, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Mol Biol 311:815-36. 2001
    ..The GluR0 structures reveal homology with bacterial periplasmic binding proteins and the rat GluR2 AMPA subtype neurotransmitter receptor...
  100. ncbi Expression of periplasmic binding proteins for peptide transport is subject to negative regulation by phosphate limitation in Escherichia coli
    M W Smith
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
    FEMS Microbiol Lett 79:183-90. 1992
    ..In contrast to this situation, we report here that these same conditions repress synthesis of the periplasmic binding proteins for both the oligopeptide (Opp) and dipeptide permeases (Dpp), and of certain other periplasmic ..
  101. ncbi Identification of cognate ligands for the Escherichia coli phnD protein product and engineering of a reagentless fluorescent biosensor for phosphonates
    Shahir S Rizk
    Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    Protein Sci 15:1745-51. 2006
    ..Since MP is the final degradation product of many nerve agents, these PhnD conjugates can function as components in a biosensor system for chemical warfare agents...

Research Grants56

  1. PERIPLASMIC RECEPTORS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND CHEMOTAXIS
    Florante Quiocho; Fiscal Year: 1993
    A molecular understanding of the role of periplasmic binding proteins in active transport and chemotaxis in bacteria requires a detailed pictures of this family of proteins...
  2. IRON UPTAKE AS A VIRULENCE FACTOR IN PATHOGENIC VIBRIOS
    JORGE CROSA; Fiscal Year: 2000
    ..An understanding of signal transduction in bacteria may also reveal new strategies for combating infectious disease. Results obtained in this system are thus directly applicable to other systems involved in pathogenesis. ..
  3. Mulitvalent Ligands as Effectors
    LAURA KIESSLING; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Aim 1 is focused on understanding how periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) function...
  4. Mulitvalent Ligands as Effectors
    LAURA KIESSLING; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Aim 1 is focused on understanding how periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) function...
  5. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS
    Keith Williams; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..domain (R domain) of the NMDA receptor, that may have an overall structure similar to bacterial periplasmic binding proteins. Thus, a second approach will involve biochemical and ligand-binding studies of purified, soluble R ..
  6. Coordinated control of a regulatory network by gcvB RNA
    GEORGE STAUFFER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..g., oppA and dppA, encoding the oligopeptide and dipeptide periplasmic binding proteins, respectively)...
  7. Global Mechanisms of Bacteriocin Resistance in Listeria
    Kurt Miller; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The research ultimately will lead to better methods for prevention of food contamination and disease caused by the deadly pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. ..
  8. Role of Shigella two component regulation systems in intracellular adaptation
    Laura Runyen Janecky; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The research described in this proposal will be useful for designing more effective therapies and will yield information applicable to other similar pathogens. ..
  9. Mechanistic and Structure-Function Studies of Human DNA Polymerase Lambda
    Zucai Suo; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  10. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Migrations
    Zygmunt Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..A comparison of results based on the Xenopus assays with the pull-down assays using mouse brain extracts will provide us with a unique database for Nud-protein interactions and invaluable insight into their function. ..
  11. Mechanistic and Structure-Function Studies of Human DNA Polymerase Lambda
    Zucai Suo; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  12. Mechanistic and Structure-Function Studies of Human DNA Polymerase Lambda
    Zucai Suo; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  13. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Migrations
    Zygmunt S Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..A comparison of results based on the Xenopus assays with the pull-down assays using mouse brain extracts will provide us with a unique database for Nud-protein interactions and invaluable insight into their function. ..
  14. EXPORT OF PROTEINS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Linda L Randall; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Therefore, what we learn by studying bacterial export will be applicable to the phenomenon in all cells, from bacteria to humans. ..
  15. Mechanistic and Structure-Function Studies of Human DNA Polymerase Lambda
    Zucai Suo; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  16. EXPORT OF PROTEINS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Linda Randall; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Therefore, what we learn by studying bacterial export will be applicable to the phenomenon in all cells, from bacteria to humans. ..
  17. MECHANISMS OF LIPID-MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
    Zygmunt Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ....
  18. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration
    Zygmunt Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..We will also attempt to crystallize complexes of Lisi and DCX with downstream signaling partners. ..
  19. Rapid protein crystallization by surface mutagenesis
    Zygmunt Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Funds are requested to further test the general applicability and success rate of this method, and to apply the method to a subset of targets selected for the Structural Genomic Initiative. ..
  20. Preparing high resolution membrane protein crystals
    Zygmunt Derewenda; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..abstract_text> ..
  21. EXPORT OF PROTEINS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Linda Randall; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Conclusions that are based on work in vitro with purified proteins will be confirmed in vivo. It is from integration of data obtained through diverse approaches that the investigators will learn the most. ..