introns

Summary

Summary: Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Parallel loss of plastid introns and their maturase in the genus Cuscuta
    Joel R McNeal
    Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 4:e5982. 2009
  2. ncbi Differential chromatin marking of introns and expressed exons by H3K36me3
    Paulina Kolasinska-Zwierz
    The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
    Nat Genet 41:376-81. 2009
  3. ncbi Human MicroRNA targets
    Bino John
    Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
    PLoS Biol 2:e363. 2004
  4. ncbi Role of RNA structure in regulating pre-mRNA splicing
    M Bryan Warf
    Institute of Molecular Biology, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
    Trends Biochem Sci 35:169-78. 2010
  5. ncbi The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla
    Olivier Jaillon
    Genoscope CEA and UMR 8030 CNRS Genoscope Université d Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France
    Nature 449:463-7. 2007
  6. ncbi On the utility of short intron sequences as a reference for the detection of positive and negative selection in Drosophila
    John Parsch
    Department of Biology II, University of Munich, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
    Mol Biol Evol 27:1226-34. 2010
  7. ncbi The peculiarities of large intron splicing in animals
    Samuel Shepard
    Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
    PLoS ONE 4:e7853. 2009
  8. ncbi Myotonic dystrophy type 2 caused by a CCTG expansion in intron 1 of ZNF9
    C L Liquori
    Institute of Human Genetics MMC 206, 420 Delaware Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Science 293:864-7. 2001
  9. ncbi Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and gene expression by a microRNA
    Eva van Rooij
    Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 9148, USA
    Science 316:575-9. 2007
  10. ncbi The origins of genome complexity
    Michael Lynch
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Science 302:1401-4. 2003

Research Grants

  1. MECHANISM OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    MAGDA KONARSKA; Fiscal Year: 2009
  2. MITDNA MUTAGENESIS BY ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS
    Keshav Singh; Fiscal Year: 2003
  3. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan M Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010
  6. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009
  7. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    ADRIAN KRAINER; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    ADRIAN KRAINER; Fiscal Year: 2009
  9. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    Adrian R Krainer; Fiscal Year: 2010
  10. Group II Intron Mobility and Gene Targeting
    Alan M Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications271 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Parallel loss of plastid introns and their maturase in the genus Cuscuta
    Joel R McNeal
    Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 4:e5982. 2009
    ..highly conserved across most land plants and their closest relatives, streptophyte algae, with nearly all plastid introns having invaded the genome in their common ancestor at least 450 million years ago...
  2. ncbi Differential chromatin marking of introns and expressed exons by H3K36me3
    Paulina Kolasinska-Zwierz
    The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
    Nat Genet 41:376-81. 2009
    ..We also observe a novel pattern: exons are preferentially marked with H3K36me3 relative to introns. H3K36me3 exon marking is dependent on transcription and is found at lower levels in alternatively spliced exons, ..
  3. ncbi Human MicroRNA targets
    Bino John
    Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
    PLoS Biol 2:e363. 2004
    ..microrna.org. Our analysis suggests that miRNA genes, which are about 1% of all human genes, regulate protein production for 10% or more of all human genes...
  4. ncbi Role of RNA structure in regulating pre-mRNA splicing
    M Bryan Warf
    Institute of Molecular Biology, and Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
    Trends Biochem Sci 35:169-78. 2010
    Pre-mRNA splicing involves removing non-coding introns from RNA transcripts. It is carried out by the spliceosome, along with other auxiliary factors...
  5. ncbi The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla
    Olivier Jaillon
    Genoscope CEA and UMR 8030 CNRS Genoscope Université d Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France
    Nature 449:463-7. 2007
    ..Furthermore, we explain the chronology of previously described whole-genome duplication events in the evolution of flowering plants...
  6. ncbi On the utility of short intron sequences as a reference for the detection of positive and negative selection in Drosophila
    John Parsch
    Department of Biology II, University of Munich, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
    Mol Biol Evol 27:1226-34. 2010
    ..For a set of 119 Drosophila melanogaster genes containing 195 short introns (<or=120 bp), we analyzed polymorphism and divergence at 1) 4-fold synonymous sites, 2) all sites of introns &..
  7. ncbi The peculiarities of large intron splicing in animals
    Samuel Shepard
    Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
    PLoS ONE 4:e7853. 2009
    In mammals a considerable 92% of genes contain introns, with hundreds and hundreds of these introns reaching the incredible size of over 50,000 nucleotides...
  8. ncbi Myotonic dystrophy type 2 caused by a CCTG expansion in intron 1 of ZNF9
    C L Liquori
    Institute of Human Genetics MMC 206, 420 Delaware Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Science 293:864-7. 2001
    ..Parallels between these mutations indicate that microsatellite expansions in RNA can be pathogenic and cause the multisystemic features of DM1 and DM2...
  9. ncbi Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and gene expression by a microRNA
    Eva van Rooij
    Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 9148, USA
    Science 316:575-9. 2007
    ..Thus, the alphaMHC gene, in addition to encoding a major cardiac contractile protein, regulates cardiac growth and gene expression in response to stress and hormonal signaling through miR-208...
  10. ncbi The origins of genome complexity
    Michael Lynch
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Science 302:1401-4. 2003
    ..resulting from the retention of duplicate genes, and more abrupt increases in the abundance of spliceosomal introns and mobile genetic elements...
  11. ncbi Rates of in situ transcription and splicing in large human genes
    Jarnail Singh
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
    Nat Struct Mol Biol 16:1128-33. 2009
    ..8 kb min(-1) and is similar whether transcribing long introns or exon-rich regions...
  12. ncbi Extensive, recent intron gains in Daphnia populations
    Wenli Li
    Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Science 326:1260-2. 2009
    ..intron-gain alleles with that for derived single-base substitutions, we also provide evidence that newly arisen introns are intrinsically deleterious and tend to accumulate in population-genetic settings where random genetic drift is ..
  13. ncbi Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity
    Christian Dina
    CNRS 8090 Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
    Nat Genet 39:724-6. 2007
    ..The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. We conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses...
  14. ncbi Stochastic noise in splicing machinery
    Eugene Melamud
    Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:4873-86. 2009
    ..abundance can be predicted by a simple stochastic noise model that takes into account two factors: the number of introns in a gene and the expression level of a gene...
  15. ncbi Nuclear expression of a group II intron is consistent with spliceosomal intron ancestry
    Venkata R Chalamcharla
    Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, 12208, USA
    Genes Dev 24:827-36. 2010
    Group II introns are self-splicing RNAs found in eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic organelles...
  16. ncbi The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype
    Nicholas H Putnam
    Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
    Nature 453:1064-71. 2008
    ..These genome-scale events shaped the vertebrate genome and provided additional genetic variation for exploitation during vertebrate evolution...
  17. ncbi A novel role for minimal introns: routing mRNAs to the cytosol
    Jiang Zhu
    CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
    PLoS ONE 5:e10144. 2010
    b>Introns and their splicing are tightly coupled with the subsequent mRNA maturation steps, especially nucleocytoplasmic export...
  18. ncbi An organellar maturase associates with multiple group II introns
    Reimo Zoschke
    Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3245-50. 2010
    Bacterial group II introns encode maturase proteins required for splicing. In organelles of photosynthetic land plants, most of the group II introns have lost the reading frames for maturases...
  19. ncbi High-density yeast-tiling array reveals previously undiscovered introns and extensive regulation of meiotic splicing
    Kara Juneau
    Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:1522-7. 2007
    ..To this end, we have developed a genome-wide assay for mapping introns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae...
  20. ncbi A single IGF1 allele is a major determinant of small size in dogs
    Nathan B Sutter
    National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 50, Room 5349, 50 South Drive MSC 8000, Bethesda, MD 20892 8000, USA
    Science 316:112-5. 2007
    ..A single IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype is common to all small breeds and nearly absent from giant breeds, suggesting that the same causal sequence variant is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs...
  21. ncbi The ClosTron: Mutagenesis in Clostridium refined and streamlined
    John T Heap
    BBSRC Sustainable BioEnergy Centre, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
    J Microbiol Methods 80:49-55. 2010
    ..The improved ClosTron system supersedes the prototype plasmid pMTL007 and the original method, and exploits the potential of Group II introns more fully.
  22. ncbi A phylogeny of caenorhabditis reveals frequent loss of introns during nematode evolution
    Soochin Cho
    Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48864, USA
    Genome Res 14:1207-20. 2004
    Since introns were discovered 26 years ago, people have wondered how changes in intron/exon structure occur, and what role these changes play in evolution...
  23. ncbi Long intronic noncoding RNA transcription: expression noise or expression choice?
    Rodrigo Louro
    Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508 900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
    Genomics 93:291-8. 2009
    ..Deciphering nature's choice of different types of messages conveyed by ncRNAs will shed light on the RNA-based layer of regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells...
  24. ncbi Release of SF3 from the intron branchpoint activates the first step of pre-mRNA splicing
    Rea M Lardelli
    Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
    RNA 16:516-28. 2010
    ..When the spliceosome attains the proper conformation and upon the function of Prp2p, SF3 is displaced from the branchpoint allowing first step chemistry to occur...
  25. ncbi The ribozyme core of group II introns: a structure in want of partners
    François Michel
    Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
    Trends Biochem Sci 34:189-99. 2009
    Group II introns contain a large ribozyme, which catalyzes self-splicing, and the coding sequence of a reverse transcriptase, the function of which is to cooperate with the ribozyme to achieve genomic mobility...
  26. ncbi Exon array analyses across the NCI-60 reveal potential regulation of TOP1 by transcription pausing at guanosine quartets in the first intron
    William C Reinhold
    Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
    Cancer Res 70:2191-203. 2010
    ..The observations reported here suggest the hypothesis that there is a conserved negative transcription regulator within intron 1 of the TOP1 gene associated with a quadruplex-prone region...
  27. ncbi Group I introns: Moving in new directions
    Henrik Nielsen
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Denmark
    RNA Biol 6:375-83. 2009
    Group I introns are genetic elements interrupting functional genes. They are removed from precursors at the RNA level and most catalyze their own splicing...
  28. ncbi hnRNP H1 and intronic G runs in the splicing control of the human rpL3 gene
    Annapina Russo
    Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1799:419-28. 2010
    ..We propose a working model in which rpL3 recruits hnRNP H1 and, through cooperation with other splicing factors, promotes selection of the alternative splice site...
  29. ncbi A diversity of uncharacterized reverse transcriptases in bacteria
    Dawn M Simon
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Nucleic Acids Res 36:7219-29. 2008
    ..reverse transcriptases (RTs) are rare in bacteria, with only three characterized classes: retrons, group II introns and diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs)...
  30. ncbi The emergence of 'hypervirulence' in Clostridium difficile
    Stephen T Cartman
    Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
    Int J Med Microbiol 300:387-95. 2010
    ..The identification of virulence factors using this approach should help lead to the rational development of therapeutic countermeasures against CDAD...
  31. ncbi Critical association of ncRNA with introns
    David Rearick
    University of Toledo Health Science Campus, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 39:2357-66. 2011
    ..However, the significance of the presence of ncRNA within introns has not received proper attention...
  32. ncbi Intron RNA editing is essential for splicing in plant mitochondria
    Benoît Castandet
    Laboratoire de Microbiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire et Pathogénicité MCMP, UMR5234 CNRS Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux2 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
    Nucleic Acids Res 38:7112-21. 2010
    ..are found in non-coding regions at critical positions in the predicted secondary and tertiary structures of introns, suggesting that RNA editing could be important for splicing...
  33. ncbi Comprehensive analysis of archaeal tRNA genes reveals rapid increase of tRNA introns in the order thermoproteales
    Junichi Sugahara
    Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
    Mol Biol Evol 25:2709-16. 2008
    ..tRNA genes in Archaea was estimated to be approximately 15% of the whole tRNA genes, and most of the introns were known to be located at canonical positions (nucleotide position between 37 and 38) of precursor tRNA (pre-..
  34. ncbi Remarkable abundance and evolution of mobile group II introns in Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts
    Sébastien Leclercq
    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6556 Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
    Mol Biol Evol 28:685-97. 2011
    ..In this study, we focused on another class of transposable elements, group II introns, and conducted an in-depth analysis of their content and the microevolutionary processes responsible for their ..
  35. ncbi The in vivo kinetics of RNA polymerase II elongation during co-transcriptional splicing
    Yehuda Brody
    The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
    PLoS Biol 9:e1000573. 2011
    ..We generated a family of inducible gene constructs containing increasing numbers of introns and exons, which were stably integrated in human cells to serve as actively transcribing gene loci...
  36. ncbi Global regulation of alternative splicing during myogenic differentiation
    Christopher S Bland
    Department of Pathology and Immunology, Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 38:7651-64. 2010
    ..These findings show that within a developmental context, AS is a highly regulated and conserved process, suggesting a major role for AS regulation in myogenic differentiation...
  37. ncbi Integrative modeling defines the Nova splicing-regulatory network and its combinatorial controls
    Chaolin Zhang
    Laboratory of Molecular Neuro Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
    Science 329:439-43. 2010
    ..Thus, we have developed a general approach to understanding mammalian RNA regulation at the systems level...
  38. ncbi The tertiary structure of group II introns: implications for biological function and evolution
    Anna Marie Pyle
    Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
    Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 45:215-32. 2010
    Group II introns are some of the largest ribozymes in nature, and they are a major source of information about RNA assembly and tertiary structural organization...
  39. ncbi Complete plastid genome sequence of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and the phylogenetic distribution of rps12 and clpP intron losses among legumes (Leguminosae)
    Robert K Jansen
    Section of Integrative Biology and Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Laboratories 404, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
    Mol Phylogenet Evol 48:1204-17. 2008
    ..Two genes have lost their introns, one in the 3'exon of the transpliced gene rps12, and the one between exons 1 and 2 of clpP; this represents the ..
  40. ncbi Investigation of loss and gain of introns in the compact genomes of pufferfishes (Fugu and Tetraodon)
    Yong Hwee Loh
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Biopolis, Singapore
    Mol Biol Evol 25:526-35. 2008
    ..The introns lost in pufferfishes and mammals are significantly shorter than the mean size of introns in the genome...
  41. ncbi Gene expression enhancement mediated by the 5' UTR intron of the rice rubi3 gene varied remarkably among tissues in transgenic rice plants
    Jianli Lu
    Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
    Mol Genet Genomics 279:563-72. 2008
    b>Introns are important sequence elements that modulate the expression of genes. Using the GUS reporter gene driven by the promoter of the rice (Oryza sativa L...
  42. ncbi Tissue-dependent enhancement of transgene expression by introns of replacement histone H3 genes of Arabidopsis
    N Chaubet-Gigot
    , CNRS, Universit Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
    Plant Mol Biol 45:17-30. 2001
    ..We demonstrate that the introns located within the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of the two Arabidopsis replacement H3 genes will abolish the ..
  43. ncbi Structural organization of the human gene encoding nuclear lamin A and nuclear lamin C
    F Lin
    Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
    J Biol Chem 268:16321-6. 1993
    ..Analysis of the intron positions in these genes supports the hypothesis that the nuclear lamins and other intermediate filament proteins arose from a common ancestor...
  44. ncbi Scipio: using protein sequences to determine the precise exon/intron structures of genes and their orthologs in closely related species
    Oliver Keller
    Universitat Gottingen, Institut fur Informatik, Lotzestr 16 18, 37083 Göttingen, Germany
    BMC Bioinformatics 9:278. 2008
    ..Finding the corresponding gene of a given protein sequence by means of conventional tools is error prone, and cannot be completed without manual inspection, which is time consuming and requires considerable experience...
  45. ncbi Mammalian mirtron genes
    Eugene Berezikov
    Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
    Mol Cell 28:328-36. 2007
    ..These short hairpin introns use splicing to bypass Drosha cleavage, which is otherwise essential for the generation of canonical animal ..
  46. ncbi Imprinted expression of the Igf2r gene depends on an intronic CpG island
    A Wutz
    Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
    Nature 389:745-9. 1997
    ..The production of an antisense RNA by the repressed parental allele is reminiscent of the imprinting of the Igf2/H19 gene pair and may indicate that expression competition could play a general role in imprinting...
  47. ncbi Mystery of intron gain: new data and new models
    Scott William Roy
    National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Trends Genet 25:67-73. 2009
    Despite their ubiquity, the mechanisms and evolutionary forces responsible for the origins of spliceosomal introns remain mysterious...
  48. ncbi Intronic microRNAs support their host genes by mediating synergistic and antagonistic regulatory effects
    Dominik Lutter
    Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, CMB, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Germany
    BMC Genomics 11:224. 2010
    ..About 37% of mammalian microRNAs appear to be located within introns of protein coding genes, linking their expression to the promoter-driven regulation of the host gene...
  49. ncbi An interspecific linkage map of SSR and intronic polymorphism markers in tomato
    Kenta Shirasawa
    Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2 6 7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292 0818, Japan
    Theor Appl Genet 121:731-9. 2010
    ..Information on the DNA markers developed in this study is available at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/tomato/...
  50. ncbi Human housekeeping genes are compact
    Eli Eisenberg
    Compugen Ltd, 72 Pinchas Rosen Street, Tel Aviv 69512, Israel
    Trends Genet 19:362-5. 2003
  51. ncbi Splicing factor SFRS1 recognizes a functionally diverse landscape of RNA transcripts
    Jeremy R Sanford
    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
    Genome Res 19:381-94. 2009
    ..This comprehensive analysis substantially expands the known roles of human SR proteins in the regulation of a diverse array of RNA transcripts...
  52. ncbi MicroRNA-33 and the SREBP host genes cooperate to control cholesterol homeostasis
    S Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
    Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    Science 328:1566-9. 2010
    ..We show here that microRNAs (miR-33a/b) embedded within introns of the SREBP genes target the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an important ..
  53. ncbi Genome-wide functional analysis of human 5' untranslated region introns
    Can Cenik
    Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 250 Longwood Avenue, SGMB 322, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Genome Biol 11:R29. 2010
    Approximately 35% of human genes contain introns within the 5' untranslated region (UTR). Introns in 5'UTRs differ from those in coding regions and 3'UTRs with respect to nucleotide composition, length distribution and density...
  54. ncbi Alu exonization events reveal features required for precise recognition of exons by the splicing machinery
    Schraga Schwartz
    Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
    PLoS Comput Biol 5:e1000300. 2009
    ..This indicates that the features detected and explored in this study provide the basis not only for precise exon selection but also for the fine-tuned regulation thereof, manifested in cases of alternative splicing...
  55. ncbi Structure and activity of putative intronic miRNA promoters
    Alex Mas Monteys
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
    RNA 16:495-505. 2010
    ..These data support complex regulation of intronic miRNA expression, and have relevance to disregulation in disease settings...
  56. ncbi In silico screening of archaeal tRNA-encoding genes having multiple introns with bulge-helix-bulge splicing motifs
    Junichi Sugahara
    Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997 0017, Japan
    RNA 13:671-81. 2007
    In archaeal species, several transfer RNA genes have been reported to contain endogenous introns. Although most of the introns are located at anticodon loop regions between nucleotide positions 37 and 38, a number of introns at ..
  57. ncbi Genome-wide analysis of transcript isoform variation in humans
    Tony Kwan
    Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield, Room 7210, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A4, Canada
    Nat Genet 40:225-31. 2008
    ..This extra layer of molecular diversity may account for natural phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility...
  58. ncbi A ribosomal function is necessary for efficient splicing of the T4 phage thymidylate synthase intron in vivo
    K Semrad
    Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Wien, Austria
    Genes Dev 12:1327-37. 1998
    ..with RNA chaperone activity, and CYT-18, a protein that stabilizes the three-dimensional structure of group I introns, efficiently rescued the stop codon mutants...
  59. ncbi The role of the cap structure in RNA processing and nuclear export
    J D Lewis
    Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
    Eur J Biochem 247:461-9. 1997
    ..The purpose of this review is to summarise our current knowledge on the role of the cap structure and of the cap-binding protein complex in nuclear RNA metabolism and present evidence that at least some processes may be coupled in vivo...
  60. ncbi Elevated levels of human endogenous retrovirus-W transcripts in blood cells from patients with first episode schizophrenia
    Y Yao
    Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Genes Brain Behav 7:103-12. 2008
    ..05) in the patients compared with the controls. Thus, studies aiming to further understanding of complex human disease such as schizophrenia may need to be extended beyond the strictly protein-coding fraction of the transcriptome...
  61. ncbi The word landscape of the non-coding segments of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome
    Jens Lichtenberg
    Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
    BMC Genomics 10:463. 2009
    ..The frequencies and positional distributions of these words within particular non-coding genomic segments provide important insights into how the words function in processes such as mRNA stability and regulation of gene expression...
  62. ncbi A trans-splicing group I intron and tRNA-hyperediting in the mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Isoetes engelmannii
    Felix Grewe
    Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universitat Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:5093-104. 2009
    ..On the other hand, particularly small group II introns and short intergenic regions reveal a tendency of evolution towards a compact mitochondrial genome...
  63. ncbi An expansion of the dual clip-domain serine proteinase family in Manduca sexta: gene organization, expression, and evolution of prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-2, hemolymph proteinase 12, and other related proteinases
    Yang Wang
    Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
    Genomics 87:399-409. 2006
    ..Each gene contains eight exons, with introns located at equivalent positions...
  64. ncbi Genomic organization of the mouse Msh4 gene producing bicistronic, chimeric and antisense mRNA
    Masanori Hirano
    Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 1 37 1 Kami Ikebukuro, Toshima ku, Tokyo 170 8455, Japan
    Gene 342:165-77. 2004
    ..It also appeared that expression of variant delta induces cell death. This study suggests that the dynamic interchromosomal (intergenic) trans-splicing generates functional diversity of the mouse Msh4 gene...
  65. ncbi Cloning, genomic organization, alternative transcripts and expression analysis of CD99L2, a novel paralog of human CD99, and identification of evolutionary conserved motifs
    Young Ho Suh
    Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon Dong, Chongno Gu, South Korea
    Gene 307:63-76. 2003
    ..These observations support the inference that the evolutionary conserved gene, CD99L2, originated from a common ancestor gene of CD99, and its high conservation among species implies at least some essential function...
  66. ncbi Characterization of cadherin-24, a novel alternatively spliced type II cadherin
    Bryan J Katafiasz
    University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry and Eppley Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
    J Biol Chem 278:27513-9. 2003
    ..In addition, aggregation assays show that both forms of cadherin-24 mediate strong cell-cell adhesion...
  67. ncbi Cloning, characterization and differential expression of an hsp70 gene from the pathogenic dimorphic fungus, Penicillium marneffei
    Aksarakorn Kummasook
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
    DNA Seq 18:385-94. 2007
    ..hsp70 gene was similar to hsp70 genes of other organisms, with a unique sequence of 3-nt microexon flanked by two introns. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the Hsp70 was grouped in the fungal cytosolic Hsp70s...
  68. ncbi Identification of a novel human zinc finger protein gene ZNF313
    Yong Xin Ma
    The Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai) 35:230-7. 2003
    ..These data suggest that the gene may play a role in human spermatogenesis and male fertility...
  69. ncbi Cloning and characterization of Disc1, the mouse ortholog of DISC1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1)
    Lei Ma
    Department of Neuroscience, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
    Genomics 80:662-72. 2002
    ..Identification of Disc1 will facilitate the study of DISC1's function and creation of mouse models of DISC1 disruption...
  70. ncbi Cloning and comparative sequence analysis of PUM1 and PUM2 genes, human members of the Pumilio family of RNA-binding proteins
    Danislav S Spassov
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stem Cell Research Consortium, University of Miami School of Medicine, R 138, 1550 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
    Gene 299:195-204. 2002
    ....
  71. ncbi Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns
    D Slavov
    The Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, 1899 Gaylord Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
    Gene 299:83-94. 2002
    ..Patterns and levels of editing and alternative splicing vary among organisms, and include novel N-terminal exons and splicing events...
  72. ncbi Genomic structure of the sponge, Halichondria okadai calcyphosine gene
    Hajime Julie Yuasa
    Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780 8520, Japan
    Gene 298:21-7. 2002
    ..Type-I calcyphosine may be specific to mammals, and type-II is widely distributed among metazoan species. This suggests that type-II calcyphosine is a rather ancient gene with some essential function...
  73. ncbi The rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss interleukin-1 beta gene has a differ organization to mammals and undergoes incomplete splicing
    J Zou
    Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, UK
    Eur J Biochem 259:901-8. 1999
    The rainbow trout interleukin (IL)-1 beta gene consists of six exons/five introns, in contrast to mammals which have seven exons/six introns...
  74. ncbi The mouse YAF2 gene generates two distinct transcripts and is expressed in pre-and postimplantation embryos
    Tomomi Kaneko
    Department of Molecular Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1 8 1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260 8670, Japan
    Gene 315:183-92. 2003
    ..Finally, biochemical evidence and colocalization studies in tissue culture cells suggest that the product of the mYAF2 gene is involved in PcG complexes together with Ring1B and/or Ring1A...
  75. ncbi Conserved amino acid sequences confer nuclear localization upon the Prophet of Pit-1 pituitary transcription factor protein
    J Chico Guy
    Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis IN 46202 5132, USA
    Gene 336:263-73. 2004
    ..The ovine Prop1 gene has three exons and two introns, a different structure compared with that of the bovine gene...
  76. ncbi Molecular characterization and chromosomal assignment of the bovine glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART) gene on cattle chromosome 1q12.1-q12.2
    Anne Wohlke
    Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17 p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
    Gene 348:73-81. 2005
    ..Comparative genome analysis between cattle, human and mouse indicates that the chromosomal location of the bovine GART gene is in agreement with a previously published mapping report...
  77. ncbi Molecular cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of GPRC6A, a novel family C G-protein-coupled receptor
    Petrine Wellendorph
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Gene 335:37-46. 2004
    ..Analysis of the intron-exon composition of the GPRC6A gene confirms that isoforms 2 and 3 are naturally occurring splice variants...
  78. ncbi Cloning, expression and subcellular localization of HN1 and HN1L genes, as well as characterization of their orthologs, defining an evolutionarily conserved gene family
    Guangjin Zhou
    State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
    Gene 331:115-23. 2004
    ..Based on sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, all these homologous genes and pseudogenes were defined as a HN1 gene family...
  79. ncbi Highly variable polymorphism of the alpha-amylase gene family in Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea Decapoda)
    Alain van Wormhoudt
    USMuséum 0401 UMR5178, CNRS UPMC MNHN, Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Station de Biologie Marine, Museum national d histoire naturelle, BP 225, 29900 Concarneau, France
    J Mol Evol 57:659-71. 2003
    ..The existence of nine short introns, ranging from 86 to 454 bp, located at the same positions for each of the different genes, and presenting no ..
  80. ncbi Gene structure and evolution of Tieg3, a new member of the Tieg family of proteins
    Ziyuan Wang
    Center of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Goettingen, Kreuzbergring 36, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
    Gene 325:25-34. 2004
    ..An interesting explanation for this apparent contradiction might be a homologous recombination leading to loci exchange between the mouse Tieg3 and Tieg2...
  81. ncbi The prion protein gene: identifying regulatory signals using marsupial sequence
    Marko Premzl
    Comparative Genomics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, P O Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
    Gene 349:121-34. 2005
    ..The presence of a conserved NFAT-binding site and CPE indicates involvement of PrP(C) in signal transduction and synaptic plasticity...
  82. ncbi Identification and molecular characterization of three GnRH ligands and five GnRH receptors in the spotted green pufferfish
    T Ikemoto
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    Mol Cell Endocrinol 242:67-79. 2005
    ..Alternative splicing was also observed for some receptor subtypes. The present results indicate that diversified gene expressions combined with molecular diversity contribute to the functional diversity of GnRH...
  83. ncbi Identification and characterization of ameloblastin gene in an amphibian, Xenopus laevis
    Seikou Shintani
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1 8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Gene 318:125-36. 2003
    ..As for exon 7, it was absent in both toad genes. Moreover, the AMBN genes were transcribed only in the upper jaw, presumably in teeth. These results may provide useful information for investigation of the evolution of enamel...
  84. ncbi Cloning and genomic organization of the TTL gene on mouse chromosome 2 and human chromosome 2q13
    C Erck
    Department of Cell Biology, German Research Center of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
    Cytogenet Genome Res 101:47-53. 2003
    ..Human TTL has been located to chromosome 2q13 (HSA2q13). In addition, we found frequently truncated PCR products of hTTL transcripts with aberrant splicing in tumors...
  85. ncbi Identification and characterization of the reptilian GnRH-II gene in the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, and its evolutionary considerations
    Tadahiro Ikemoto
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 3 1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113 0033 Tokyo, Japan
    Gene 316:157-65. 2003
    ..cDNA) encoding the GnRH-II precursor and determined its genomic structure, consisting of four exons and three introns, in a reptilian species, the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius...
  86. ncbi Identification, genomic organization and mRNA expression of CRELD1, the founding member of a unique family of matricellular proteins
    Paul A Rupp
    Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
    Gene 293:47-57. 2002
    ..The CRELD1 gene is deleted in the human cytogenetic disorder 3p- syndrome and is in the region of loss of heterozygosity for several types of cancer. A potential role for this protein in these disorders is discussed...
  87. ncbi Nucleotide sequence of phospholipase A(2) gene expressed in snake pancreas reveals the molecular evolution of toxic phospholipase A(2) genes
    Takahiko J Fujimi
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7 1, Kioi cho, Chiyoda ku, Tokyo 102 8554, Japan
    Gene 292:225-31. 2002
    ..The comparative analysis revealed that the arising of group IA PLA(2) occurred by the deletion and substitution of nucleotide sequences in exon III region during the process of accelerated evolution...
  88. ncbi Analysis of the human GDNF gene reveals an inducible promoter, three exons, a triplet repeat within the 3'-UTR and alternative splice products
    L Grimm
    Department of Medical Genetics, University of Munich, Goethestrasse 29, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Hum Mol Genet 7:1873-86. 1998
    ..Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor 2, tetradecanoyl 12-phorbol acetate, an inflammatory agent, and cAMP increase promoter activity, suggesting that GDNF transcriptional regulation is a target of exogenous signals...
  89. ncbi Human EMR2, a novel EGF-TM7 molecule on chromosome 19p13.1, is closely related to CD97
    H H Lin
    Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
    Genomics 67:188-200. 2000
    ..EMR2 fails to interact with CD55, the cellular ligand for CD97, suggesting the possibility of a different cellular ligand(s). EMR2 may therefore have a unique function in cells of monocyte/M&phi; and granulocyte lineages...
  90. ncbi Isolation and characterization of a human chromosome 21q22.3 gene (WDR4) and its mouse homologue that code for a WD-repeat protein
    J Michaud
    Division of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
    Genomics 68:71-9. 2000
    ..WDR4 maps between PDE9A and NDUFV3, a region where several genetic disorders, including a form of manic-depressive psychosis, also map, and seven sequence variants observed in the WDR4 gene could be used in association studies...
  91. ncbi The origin of the Jingwei gene and the complex modular structure of its parental gene, yellow emperor, in Drosophila melanogaster
    W Wang
    Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University
    Mol Biol Evol 17:1294-301. 2000
    ..The composite gene structure of ymp manifests the complexity of the gene concept, which should be considered in genomic research, e.g., gene finding...
  92. ncbi Molecular characterization of a new human T-box gene (TBX22) located in xq21.1 encoding a protein containing a truncated T-domain
    F Laugier-Anfossi
    Inserm Unité 491, Faculté de médecine La Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
    Gene 255:289-96. 2000
    ..These data indicate that TBX22 may be the first identified member of a new family of T-domain-containing proteins...
  93. ncbi Comparative genomic sequence analysis and isolation of human and mouse alternative EGFR transcripts encoding truncated receptor isoforms
    J L Reiter
    Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
    Genomics 71:1-20. 2001
    ..The presence of truncated receptor isoforms in diverse species suggests that these proteins may have important functional roles in regulating EGFR activity...
  94. ncbi Alternative splicing in the human interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) gene
    N Duchange
    Unité d Expression des Gènes Eucaryotes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, 15, Cedex, France
    Gene 261:345-53. 2000
    ..We used a GenBank sequence for the part of chromosome 19 corresponding to the ILF3 gene to determine the exon-intron organization of the entire gene which spans 38 kb and is divided into 21 exons...
  95. ncbi Genomic organization and tissue-specific expression of splice variants of mouse organic anion transporting polypeptide 2
    K Ogura
    Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 7417, USA
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281:431-9. 2001
    ..The mouse oatp2 gene consists of 17 exons, including three noncoding exons, and 16 introns. All of the introns are flanked by GT-AG splice sequences except for intron 10 that is flanked by GC-AG splice ..
  96. ncbi The structure and expression of the human neuroligin-3 gene
    R A Philibert
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Rm 2 126b Psychiatry Research MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 1000, USA
    Gene 246:303-10. 2000
    ..These findings suggest a possible role for the neuroligin gene in mental retardation and that the role of the gene in humans may differ from its role in rats...
  97. ncbi Sequence, genomic structure and tissue expression of Human BRI3, a member of the BRI gene family
    R Vidal
    New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, USA
    Gene 266:95-102. 2001
    ....
  98. ncbi Cloning and characterization of ZNF189, a novel human Krüppel-like zinc finger gene localized to chromosome 9q22-q31
    J Odeberg
    Department of Biochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
    Genomics 50:213-21. 1998
    ..Direct sequencing of the ZNF189 gene in microdissected tumor biopsies of sporadic basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma reveals no mutations in the coding sequence or at exon/intron boundaries...
  99. ncbi RINX(VSX1), a novel homeobox gene expressed in the inner nuclear layer of the adult retina
    T Hayashi
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    Genomics 67:128-39. 2000
    ..Since the RINX gene is likely an ortholog of the goldfish Vsx1 gene, it has been named VSX1 by the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee...
  100. ncbi Molecular characterization of STAT5A- and STAT5B-encoding genes reveals extended intragenic sequence homogeneity in cattle and mouse and different degrees of divergent evolution of various domains
    H M Seyfert
    Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm Stahl Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
    J Mol Evol 50:550-61. 2000
    ....
  101. ncbi Characterization and splicing in vivo of a Sinorhizobium meliloti group II intron associated with particular insertion sequences of the IS630-Tc1/IS3 retroposon superfamily
    F Martinez-Abarca
    Departamento de Microbiologia del Suelo y Sistemas Simbioticos, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
    Mol Microbiol 28:1295-306. 1998
    ..Like some other group II introns, RmInt1 possesses, in addition to the structurally conserved ribozyme core, an open reading frame (ORF) with ..

Research Grants95

  1. MECHANISM OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    MAGDA KONARSKA; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Typically, splice site signals of alternatively spliced introns deviate from the consensus, and are often accompanied by splicing enhancer motifs...
  2. MITDNA MUTAGENESIS BY ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS
    Keshav Singh; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..mitochondrial DNA (mitDNA) is extremely vulnerable to attack by environmental carcinogens because it contains no introns, has no protective histones and is continuously exposed to reactive free radicals produced within the ..
  3. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2007
    The proposed research is a continued study of the involvement of proteins in splicing group I and II introns. These introns use RNA-catalyzed splicing mechanisms, but require proteins to help fold the intron RNA into the catalyti- cally ..
  4. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009
    The proposed research is a continued study of the involvement of proteins in splicing group I and II introns. These introns use RNA-catalyzed splicing mechanisms, but require proteins to help fold the intron RNA into the catalyti- ..
  5. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan M Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The proposed research is a continued study of the involvement of proteins in splicing group I and II introns. These introns use RNA-catalyzed splicing mechanisms, but require proteins to help fold the intron RNA into the catalyti- ..
  6. Involvement of Proteins in Splicing Group I and Group II Introns
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009
    The proposed research is a continued study of the involvement of proteins in splicing group I and II introns. These introns use RNA-catalyzed splicing mechanisms, but require proteins to help fold the intrpn RNA into the catalyti- cally ..
  7. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    ADRIAN KRAINER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in gene expression. It involves precise excision of introns and joining of exons from primary transcripts in the nucleus to generate mature mRNA, the template for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm...
  8. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    ADRIAN KRAINER; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in gene expression. It involves precise excision of introns and joining of exons from primary transcripts in the nucleus to generate mature mRNA, the template for protein synthesis in the ..
  9. BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    Adrian R Krainer; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in gene expression. It involves precise excision of introns and joining of exons from primary transcripts in the nucleus to generate mature mRNA, the template for protein synthesis in the ..
  10. Group II Intron Mobility and Gene Targeting
    Alan M Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The proposed research is a continued study of mobile group II introns and their applications in gene targeting...
  11. Transcriptional elongation and splicing in human genes in situ
    Richard A Padgett; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Some genes can exceed one million base pairs in length. Many of these long genes also contain introns of hundreds of kilobases in length...
  12. MECHANISM OF PRE-MRNA SPLICING
    MAGDA KONARSKA; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Typically, splice site signals of alternatively spliced introns deviate from the consensus, and are often accompanied by splicing enhancer motifs...
  13. SPLICING OF MRNA PRECURSORS
    Michael R Green; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The primary transcripts of most eukaryotic genes (precursor mRNAs;pre-mRNAs) contain intervening sequences (introns) that are removed by RNA splicing in a two-step pathway...
  14. Group II Intron Mobility and Gene Targeting
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2006
    The proposed research is a continued study of group II intron mobility mechanisms and the development of group II introns as vectors for targeted gene disruption and site-specific DNA insertion...
  15. GROUP II INTRON RNA SPLICING AND MOBILITY
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..continued biochemical-genetics studies of the protein-dependent splicing and mobility reactions of group II introns. Group II intron mobility is mediated by intron-encoded reverse transcriptases that also function as maturases to ..
  16. The Mammalian Cellular Splicing Machine - Structure and Function
    Ruth Sperling; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Most eukaryotic pre-mRNAs contain non-coding sequences (introns) that must be removed in order to accurately place the coding sequences (exons) in the correct reading frame...
  17. Involvement of Proteins in Group I + II Intron Splicing
    Alan Lambowitz; Fiscal Year: 2006
    The proposed research is a continued study of the involvement of proteins in splicing group I and group II introns. These introns use RNA-catalyzed splicing mechanisms, but require proteins for efficient splicing in vivo to help fold ..
  18. REGULATION AND GENE EXPRESSION OF CYTOCHROME C
    Fred Sherman; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..is responsible for degrading RNA in nuclei, including abnormal cyc1-512 mRNAs, normal mRNAs retained in nuclei, introns of mRNA, introns of tRNA, and spacer sequences processed from rRNA...
  19. The Catalytic Mechanism of Nuclear Premessenger RNA Splicing by the Spliceosome
    Jonathan P Staley; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Eukaryotic genes, including most human genes, are interrupted by numerous introns. After transcription of such genes, the introns are excised in two phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by the spliceosome, a macromolecular machine ..
  20. The influence of genotype on the outcome of gene transfer in beta-thalassemia
    Stefano Rivella; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..to rescue beta-thalassemia in mice by lentiviral-mediated transfer of the human beta-globin gene, its promoter, introns and large elements of the locus control region...
  21. Physical and functional probing of DEAD-box proteins as general RNA chaperones
    Rick Russell; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..was shown in 2002 that the Neurospora crassa CYT-19 protein functions in folding of several mitochondrial group I introns. Further work indicated that CYT-19 can also interact productively with group II introns, indicating that it ..
  22. Physical and functional probing of DEAD-box proteins as general RNA chaperones
    Rick Russell; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..was shown in 2002 that the Neurospora crassa CYT-19 protein functions in folding of several mitochondrial group I introns. Further work indicated that CYT-19 can also interact productively with group II introns, indicating that it ..
  23. Analysis of Group I and II Introns in Mammalian Cells
    Bruce Sullenger; Fiscal Year: 2005
    The overall goal of this proposal is to explore the ability of group I and group II introns to repair genetic instructions inside mammalian cells...
  24. Kinetic Dissection of the RNA Chaperone Protein CYT-19
    Rick Russell; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..colleagues showed that the Neurospora crassa CYT-19 protein functions by accelerating folding of several group I introns. These introns also require the splicing factor CYT-18, additionally suggesting that CYT-19 may be targeted to ..
  25. Genetic circuits based on allosteric ribozymes
    Andrew D Ellington; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..developed a variety of aptazymes, based on ribozyme and deoxyribozyme ligases and Group I self-splicing introns, and have also developed novel assay formats for these aptazymes...
  26. Genetic circuits based on allosteric ribozymes
    Andrew Ellington; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..developed a variety of aptazymes, based on ribozyme and deoxyribozyme ligases and Group I self-splicing introns, and have also developed novel assay formats for these aptazymes...
  27. Mechanisms Regulating Alternative pre-mRNA Splicing
    James Patton; Fiscal Year: 2005
    Most eukaryotic genes are interrupted by non-coding introns that must be removed from pre-mRNA transcripts for the production of functional proteins...
  28. MECHANISMS OF JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELL RENIN GENE EXPRESSION
    Daniel Catanzaro; Fiscal Year: 1999
    ....
  29. EXON LIGATION--THE SPLICEOSOME AND GROUP 11 INTRONS
    Melissa Moore; Fiscal Year: 1999
    The removal of introns by RNA splicing is an essential step in the expression of almost all human genes...
  30. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE WAXY MUTANTS OF MAIZE
    Susan Wessler; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..Whereas Group I and II introns are thought to be evolving into mobile DNA, the Ds elements may be mobile DNA evolving into introns...
  31. MECHANISM OF SEQUENCE SPECIFIC RETROTRANSPOSITION OF R2
    Thomas Eickbush; Fiscal Year: 1999
    ..target primed reverse transcription mechanism is believed to used by most other non-LTR elements, the group II introns, an is likely the origin of SINEs, processed pseudogenes and maybe even of introns...
  32. GENE EXPRESSION IN CELL ORGANELLES
    RICHARD HALLICK; Fiscal Year: 1993
    How have introns evolved? Did they occur early in the prebiotic world and contribute to the formation of ancient genes by "exon shuffling," or have they been inserted into genes as mobile genetic elements throughout evolution? Important ..
  33. Biochemical Characterization of p68 RNA Helicase
    Zhi Ren Liu; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Summary Remove of introns from messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA) is an essential process in eukaryotic gene expression...
  34. SPLICING OF MRNA PRECURSORS
    Michael Green; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The primary transcripts of eukaryotic structural genes (precursor mRNAs; pre-mRNAs) contain intervening sequences (introns) that are removed by RNA splicing...