pituitary hormone releasing hormones

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..The objective was to introduce and validate an easy-to-compute responsiveness index, robust in the face of measurement errors and interindividual variability of kinetics parameters...

..However, in the female rats, active immunization with the receptor fragment did not have any effect on the gonadal steroid levels but had a selective effect on the uterine morphology...

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..These results demonstrate that both GnRH and DA directly stimulate GH release and GH mRNA expression at the pituitary level, the actions of GnRH are more potent than that of DA in orange-spotted grouper...

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..Moreover, interaction between OT and CRH in affecting beta-endorphin secretion was shown. These results suggest that OT may be transiently involved in the modulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion in cyclic pigs...

..Our findings suggest that two messenger systems exist to mediate the action of LH in granulosa cells...

..The testes were enlarged and had descended into the scrotum. Evidence of full spermatogenesis and interstitial cell development was present in testicular sections. No such effects were seen with transplants of cortical tissue...

..The present review summarises the data obtained in recent years concerning the functional significance of the catecholaminergic innervation of hypophysiotrophic CRH and TRH neurones in rats...

..The synthetic decapeptide possesses the same biological activities as the native ovine LRF. The amino-acid sequence of ovine LRF is identical to that already published for porcine LRF...

..Patients with implanted MicroMed-DeBakey axial pumps show nonphysiologic low-pulsatile blood flow profiles, and therefore it appeared to be of interest to evaluate their possible effect on the endocrine system...

..All of these transmitters are controlled by neuronal transmitters. We anticipate further rapid progress and clinical application of these transmitters and the discovery of new ones...

..Injection of TIP39, and sequestration of endogenous TIP39 by intrathecal injection of an antibody to TIP39, have provided evidence that it is involved in some aspects of pain sensitivity. Thus, TIP39 might be a new neuromodulator...

..The SH gene contains at least two distinct promoters, from which two populations of transcripts are derived containing unique 5'-sequences spliced to a common 3'-region...

..Because both PACAP and GnRH regulate gonadotropin biosynthesis and secretion, these results provide important insight into the critical fine tuning of gonadotrope function and, thereby, the maintenance of normal reproductive function...

..Finally, transient transfection of COS-7 cells with this cDNA led to the expression of an active ectopeptidase that displayed the characteristics of the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme...

..Pyroglutamyl peptidase activities isolated and characterized from bacterial sources are also reviewed and compared with their mammalian counterparts...

..In conclusion, the present work reviews the most recent insights into the complex and redundant molecular mechanisms regulating food intake, focusing on the most encouraging perspectives for the treatment of obesity...

..Alterations in CRH and AVP in response to elevated pituitary CRH-BP clearly demonstrate that regulation of CRH-BP is important in the function of the HPA axis...

..This distinction allows early investigation and treatment of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and reassurance for those with constitutional delay of growth and puberty...

..Immunocytochemistry revealed GnRH-containing neurons in the grafts and GnRH-containing processes extending to the lateral median eminence of the host brains...

..Functional hypotheses based on the receptor's distribution are being tested. Recent data support involvement in hypothalamic releasing-factor secretion and pain...

..Then the action of LTC4 on LH release in vivo is quite different from the indirect action of PGE2...

..4. This is the first report showing conclusively that cell of the immune system transcribe the authentic mRNA for a hypothalamic releasing factor, LHRH...

..Methods to restore ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian disease refractory to clomiphene citrate is the quest of future investigations...

..We conclude that functionally active cells can be cultured from human pituitaries obtained postmortem and that the mechanism of GnRH action and the relative potencies of GnRH analogs closely parallel those in the rat...

..These findings may be relevant to therapeutic failures observed in obese subjects using the subcutaneous route...

..05) in the group of children with constitutional short stature than in GH deficient patients, but there were overlaps in this group with normal volunteers and other groups of patients with growth failure...

..05) in GnRH-immunized boars. These results indicate that active immunization against GnRH impairs pituitary and Leydig cell functions in boars...

..Lastly, all the effects of GABA upon GnRH release appear to be mediated through GABAA receptors...

..The results indicate that indomethacin can only suppress hCG- and GnRH agonist-induced PA secretion, but not suppress the ovarian content of these enzymes...

..The second pregnancy ended in spontaneous delivery of a healthy female. We conclude that i.v. pulsatile, intermittent GnRH administration is a safe, efficient and highly successful means of treating azoospermic men with HH...

..These data suggest that the mechanisms of GH and ACTH regulation by ghrelin may include hypothalamic release of GHRH, CRH, AVP and NPY...

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..In contrast, estrogen enhanced GnRH level and pulse amplitude, but not pulse frequency, several hours before mean peripheral plasma LH increased from suppressed values (n = 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..No reaction product was detected in sections incubated with an antiserum to the interior amino acid sequences of mammalian LHRH. This finding supports the structure reported for lamprey GnRH by Sherwood et al. (1986)...

..These results show that GnRH treatment of hpg mice will induce testicular steroidogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

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..We conclude that LH release in the early postpartum cow is partially regulated by endogenous opioid peptides. We were unable to detect any effects on FSH secretion nor on pituitary sensitivity to exogenous GnRH...

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..On the basis of these findings, we surmise that TRH may contribute to the disturbed sleep continuity seen in depressed patients, probably acting as a cofactor of CRH in a synergistic manner...

..To study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the influence of glucocorticoid treatment...

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..The current study provides further evidence that CART is a neuroendocrine-releasing factor with a possible impact on anterior pituitary function during states of haemodynamic stress...

..Although the mechanism underlying the different responses to CRH is not apparent, c-Fos is probably a useful immunohistochemical marker for corticotrophs stimulated by ACTH secretagogues...

..05). This exaggerated TSH-response to TRH was demonstrated to be entirely due to simultaneous administration of GRF, whereas CRF and LHRH in combination with TRH had no additional effect on TSH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..Chronic estradiol treatment decreased hypothalamic CRF-ir, by a non-pituitary mechanism. These data show significant effects of the gonadal axis in the regulation of CRF in the hypothalamus in both sexes...

..There was only one multiple pregnancy (twins)...

..In normogonadotropic women, gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment may be useful in those who have been amenorrheic for less than a year...

..They are more valuable in the treatment of endometriosis, hormone-dependent cancers, the polycystic ovary and for the induction of ovulation for in-vitro fertilization...

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..As our knowledge of the paracrine system within the testis increases, so should our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the association of varicoceles and infertility...

..5%) and at 60-90 min in the postmenopausal subjects (mean % increase: 110.6 +/- 34.7%). A saline infusion, performed on a separate day during benzodiazepine treatment as a control, did not influence PRL...

..This stimulatory effect of GnRH was more pronounced for the highly glycosylated forms of alpha (23 and 25 K) compared to the 16 and 21 K forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..These results showed that progesterone and progestins have a marked effect on hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion and that they modulate estrogen-induced effects...

..abstract truncated at 400 words)..

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..The GRH-stimulated GH secretion (3596 +/- 820 (mU/l) min) was not suppressed by prior intravenous treatment with dexamethasone (2916 +/- 504 (mU/l) min, NS)...

..abstract truncated at 400 words)..

..This study does not support the general use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at AI or human chorionic gonadotropin 15 d after AI as methods for enhancing pregnancy rates of dairy cattle...

..The phosphatidyl inositol-linked receptor status of these tumors differs from that of prolactinomas. These receptors may offer a possible target for therapeutic intervention in endocrinologically inactive adenomas...

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..7 versus 9.3). This is the first truly objective (randomized) study demonstrating the beneficial effect of supporting the luteal phase in an IVF programme...

..These results suggest that an acute increase of serum PRL in normoprolactinemic women, but not in hyperprolactinemic patients, suppresses serum EGF...

..abstract truncated at 250 words)..

..001). These data are consistent with an increased LH response to GnRH in post-menopausal patients with ovarian tumours. The augmented LH release may be related to increased steroid plasma levels...

..GnRHa did not alter the DNA content of the cultures in up to 6 day incubations or the number of viable cells attached to the wells in up to 3 day incubations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..0-fold for alpha, 1.2-fold for LH beta and 1.1-fold for FSH beta relative to the respective control values. These results showed that the two gonadotropin beta genes respond more rapidly to GnRH action that the common alpha gene...

..The normal, seasonal cessation of sexual behavior in male rhesus monkeys may result from changes in behavioral sensitivity to circulating androgens...

..In addition, serum antisperm antibodies are most likely to be present in men who demonstrate normal seminiferous tubular activity after vasectomy...

..We conclude that BP-28 levels in adults are metabolically regulated, and postulate a role for this protein in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis...

..No subjects experienced any serious adverse effects related to the testing. These results suggest that combined testing with hypothalamic hormones is a convenient and useful method for evaluating pituitary function...

..These data indicate that this type of chronic stress induced significant changes in basal and acute stress levels of GH and TSH in the rat...

..Further investigation is warranted to assess a possible action of inhibin which is antagonistic to that of calcium in the transduction of GnRH stimulation into FSH release by the pituitary gonadotroph...

..Standardized and widely accepted therapies for specific forms of hypogonadism are briefly exposed. Three cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are reported...

..Alternatively, the stimulatory follicular fluid molecule may not resemble GnRH but may act via a mechanism that is opposed by GnRH...

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..These data support the view that estradiol stimulates the levels of both proGnRH-GAP mRNA and its primary translation product in the POA-AH region of the OVX rat...

..The results also fail to provide evidence for the view that changes in circulating inhibin concentrations are robustly related, in an inve..

..The clinical implications of EOP in reproductive medicine appear to be promising...

..However, more animals ovulate in response to this treatment in late than in early anoestrus (75% compared with 23%)...

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..No specific relationship between GnRH cells and estradiol-concentrating cells was evident within the grafts, nor was there any indication of identity of estrogen-concentrating cells with GnRH cells...

..The regression coefficients were positive for beta-carotene and negative for vitamin A in all cases. In conclusion, luteal function in the postpartum cow appears to be related to plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin A...

..Some considerations about the results were suggested...

..The ultrasound monitoring of the modifications of testis and prostate volume may represent a biological assay of the effects of GnRH treatment and offer additional data on the response of target organs to the hormonal treatment...

..However such a combined therapy is time-consuming and only permits to attempt 3 to 4 stimulated cycles during a year. Therefore the successful preliminary reports need to be confirmed by a further randomized study...

..2, respectively) groups during the follicular phase. There were no differences in the FSH, oestradiol-17 beta or progesterone characteristics in cows of any of the 3 groups during the follicular phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)..

..Increased plasma concentrations of selenium (Se) were associated with increased basal serum concentrations of TSH, decreased concentrations of basal serum cortisol, and decreased release of FSH...

..Anti-SRIF administered 30 minutes before ETOH or saline did not alter the response to GRH. These results suggest that ETOH reduces the GH responsiveness to alpha 2-GRH stimulation...

..The blunted growth hormone response in endogenous depression could be explained by inhibitory influences such as increased somatomedin-C concentrations or a hyperactivity of central beta-adrenergic-receptors...

..However, the poststimulatory secretion of cortisol, growth hormone or thyroid-stimulating hormone was impaired in 7/31 patients, suggesting a possible preclinical endocrine insufficiency in these patients...

..The striking seminal/endocrine differences among pride (breeding) males of different ages raises questions about the impact of age on individual reproductive performance in this species...

..These results show that AFP protects the developing female brain from the adverse effects of prenatal estrogen exposure and clarify a long-running debate on the role of this fetal protein in brain sexual differentiation...

..This implies that GnRH-agonist pre-treatment shows similar endocrine conditions in normogonadotropic patients...

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..B) Since the melanocortin system represents the indirect pathway of action on TRH neurons, we will also determine whether alpha- MSH affects the biosynthesis, maturation and activity of PCI, PC2, proSAAS, 7B2 and CPE. ..

..The sorting of the proTRH N- and C-terminal fragments is routed to two different pathways. Aim 4. The tertiary structure of proTRH contributes to its processing by PC1 and PC2 and further sorting to the RSP. ..

..As a model system we will utilize our established primary cultures of hypothalamic neurons that express high levels of endogenous proTRH and leptin receptors. Some aspects will be corroborated with in vivo studies. ..

..Therefore, this proposal provides a novel view assigned to Sirt1 as a cellular energy sensor regulating energy balance at the hypothalamic level. ..