conjugated usp estrogens

Summary

Summary: A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi [Hormone replacement therapy of menopause, heart and blood vessels]
    F Kuttenn
    , , 149, , 75015 Paris
    Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 94:685-9. 2001
  2. ncbi Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group
    S Hulley
    University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
    JAMA 280:605-13. 1998
  3. ncbi Combination treatment with estrogen and calcitriol in the prevention of age-related bone loss
    J C Gallagher
    Creighton University Medical Center, St Joseph Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3618-28. 2001
  4. ncbi Estrogens and menopause: pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's
    Bhagu R Bhavnani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, and St Michael s Hospital Research Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85:473-82. 2003
  5. ncbi Separation of pharmaceutically important estrogens by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
    S K Poole
    Zeneca/SmithKline Beecham Centre for Analytical Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
    J Chromatogr A 749:247-55. 1996
  6. ncbi Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity by the quinoid metabolites of equine estrogens
    M Chang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 11:758-65. 1998
  7. ncbi LY353381 x HCl: an improved benzothiophene analog with bone efficacy complementary to parathyroid hormone-(1-34)
    M Sato
    Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
    Endocrinology 139:4642-51. 1998
  8. ncbi The major metabolite of equilin, 4-hydroxyequilin, autoxidizes to an o-quinone which isomerizes to the potent cytotoxin 4-hydroxyequilenin-o-quinone
    F Zhang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 12:204-13. 1999
  9. ncbi [Basic principles of hormone replacement therapy in the postmenopause]
    M Doren
    King s College Hospital, Dept of Family Planning, London, UK
    Ther Umsch 57:628-34. 2000
  10. ncbi Bioreductive activation of catechol estrogen-ortho-quinones: aromatization of the B ring in 4-hydroxyequilenin markedly alters quinoid formation and reactivity
    L Shen
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 7231, USA
    Carcinogenesis 18:1093-101. 1997

Research Grants

  1. Novel Treatment of menopausal hot flushes with an extradiol prodrug
    Istvan Merchenthaler; Fiscal Year: 2009
  2. Novel treatment of menopausal hot flushes with an estradiol prodrug
    Laszlo Prokai; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2009
  4. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2009
  6. ER beta selective agonist coronary protection-menopause
    R Hermsmeyer; Fiscal Year: 2005
  7. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    HEATHER ALLYSON BIMONTE NELSON; Fiscal Year: 2010
  8. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    Heather Bimonte Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2009
  9. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    Heather Bimonte Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. CARCINOGENICITY OF B RING UNSATURATED ESTROGENS
    DAVID SPINK; Fiscal Year: 2003

Detail Information

Publications122 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi [Hormone replacement therapy of menopause, heart and blood vessels]
    F Kuttenn
    , , 149, , 75015 Paris
    Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 94:685-9. 2001
    ..It is therefore urgent that Europeans undertake a European "HERS study" in order to investigate the possible beneficial effect of non oral estrogens (gel or patch) associated with natural progesterone...
  2. ncbi Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group
    S Hulley
    University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
    JAMA 280:605-13. 1998
    ..However, given the favorable pattern of CHD events after several years of therapy, it could be appropriate for women already receiving this treatment to continue...
  3. ncbi Combination treatment with estrogen and calcitriol in the prevention of age-related bone loss
    J C Gallagher
    Creighton University Medical Center, St Joseph Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3618-28. 2001
    ....
  4. ncbi Estrogens and menopause: pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's
    Bhagu R Bhavnani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, and St Michael s Hospital Research Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85:473-82. 2003
    ....
  5. ncbi Separation of pharmaceutically important estrogens by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
    S K Poole
    Zeneca/SmithKline Beecham Centre for Analytical Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
    J Chromatogr A 749:247-55. 1996
    ..Factors that affect selectivity and reproducibility of the above separation systems are discussed...
  6. ncbi Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity by the quinoid metabolites of equine estrogens
    M Chang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 11:758-65. 1998
    ..In addition, hydrogen peroxide generated through redox cycling of the o-quinone and/or semiquinone radical and GSH could cause oxidative damage to GST...
  7. ncbi LY353381 x HCl: an improved benzothiophene analog with bone efficacy complementary to parathyroid hormone-(1-34)
    M Sato
    Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
    Endocrinology 139:4642-51. 1998
    ..Therefore, LY353381 x HCl appears to be useful by itself, in combination, or in sequence with PTH to replace lost bone in postmenopausal women...
  8. ncbi The major metabolite of equilin, 4-hydroxyequilin, autoxidizes to an o-quinone which isomerizes to the potent cytotoxin 4-hydroxyequilenin-o-quinone
    F Zhang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 12:204-13. 1999
    ..These results suggest that the catechol metabolites of equine estrogens have the ability to cause alkylation/redox damage in vivo primarily through formation of 4-hydroxyequilenin quinoids...
  9. ncbi [Basic principles of hormone replacement therapy in the postmenopause]
    M Doren
    King s College Hospital, Dept of Family Planning, London, UK
    Ther Umsch 57:628-34. 2000
    ..However, there are no rigid age limit when to change treatments, the selection of which is largely influenced by the preference of the individual's acceptance of withdrawal bleeding...
  10. ncbi Bioreductive activation of catechol estrogen-ortho-quinones: aromatization of the B ring in 4-hydroxyequilenin markedly alters quinoid formation and reactivity
    L Shen
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 7231, USA
    Carcinogenesis 18:1093-101. 1997
    ....
  11. ncbi A practical concept for preoperative management of patients with impaired primary hemostasis
    Juergen Koscielny
    Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charite Humboldt University, Schumannstr 20 21, 10117 Berlin, Germany
    Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 10:155-66. 2004
    ..Preoperative correction of impaired primary hemostasis is possible in nearly all patients affected, and results in a reduction of homologous blood transfusions...
  12. ncbi Differential effects of estrogen and medroxyprogesterone on basal and stress-induced growth hormone release, IGF-1 levels, and cellular immunity in postmenopausal women
    W B Malarkey
    Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine 43210, USA
    Endocrine 7:227-33. 1997
    ..Given the extant literature on the immune-enhancing effects of GH, these data suggest that ERT may slow the decline of GH secretion with aging, an event that has been implicated in immunosenescence...
  13. ncbi Biological effects of hormone replacement therapy in relation to serum estradiol levels
    T Yasui
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokyo, Japan
    Horm Res 56:38-44. 2001
    ....
  14. ncbi The bioidentical hormone debate: are bioidentical hormones (estradiol, estriol, and progesterone) safer or more efficacious than commonly used synthetic versions in hormone replacement therapy?
    Kent Holtorf
    Holtorf Medical Group, Inc, Torrance, CA 90505, USA
    Postgrad Med 121:73-85. 2009
    ..Yet according to the US Food and Drug Administration and The Endocrine Society, there is little or no evidence to support claims that bioidentical hormones are safer or more effective...
  15. ncbi Effects of raloxifene, hormone replacement therapy, and placebo on bone turnover in postmenopausal women
    Robert S Weinstein
    Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
    Osteoporos Int 14:814-22. 2003
    ....
  16. ncbi Anorectal manometry before, during and after estrogen replacement therapy
    R P Schellart
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Hospital Rotterdam Dijkzigt, The Netherlands
    Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 7:77-80. 1996
    ..It was concluded that estrogens have no effects on manometric parameters of the external sphincter and that anal manometry may not be the appropriate method to assess the effects of estrogens on the pelvic floor...
  17. ncbi Reduced vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low-dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy
    James A Simon
    Women s Health Research Center, Laurel, MD 20707, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:92-9. 2003
    ....
  18. ncbi Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause
    Jacques E Rossouw
    Women s Health Initiative Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    JAMA 297:1465-77. 2007
    ..The timing of initiation of hormone therapy may influence its effect on cardiovascular disease...
  19. ncbi Evidence that a metabolite of equine estrogens, 4-hydroxyequilenin, induces cellular transformation in vitro
    E Pisha
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:82-90. 2001
    ..These data suggest that oxidative stress could be partially responsible for the carcinogenic effects caused by 4-OHEN and that 4-OHEN is a more potent transforming agent than 4-OHE in vitro...
  20. ncbi A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study that assessed the endometrial effects of norethindrone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol alone
    David J Portman
    Columbus Center for Women s Health Research, OH 43213, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:334-42. 2003
    ..The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in subjects who receive continuous norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol combinations versus unopposed ethinyl estradiol...
  21. ncbi Metabolism of equilenin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells
    D C Spink
    Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201 0509, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:572-81. 2001
    ....
  22. ncbi Effects of low-dose continuous combined conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on menopausal symptoms, body weight, bone density, and metabolism in postmenopausal women
    M Gambacciani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:1180-5. 2001
    ....
  23. ncbi The effects of estradiol valerate plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and conjugated estrogens plus medrogestone on climacteric symptoms and metabolic variables in perimenopausal women
    C Egarter
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, Austria
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 75:386-93. 1996
    ....
  24. ncbi Comparative effects of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on the reproductive tract of female cynomolgus monkeys
    J Mark Cline
    Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157 1040, USA
    Menopause 9:242-52. 2002
    ..To measure the effects of 2 years' treatment with tibolone on the reproductive tract of female monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in comparison with conventional hormone replacement therapy...
  25. ncbi Exercise thermoregulation with bed rest, confinement, and immersion deconditioning
    J E Greenleaf
    Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 1000, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 813:741-50. 1997
    ..Thus, the excessive rise in core temperature after deconditioning appears to be caused by decreased peripheral vasodilation in humans. Factors related to glucose metabolism may influence this mechanism...
  26. ncbi Regulation of human apolipoprotein A-I gene expression by equine estrogens
    X Zhang
    Department of Biochemistry, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    J Lipid Res 42:1789-800. 2001
    ..The data indicate that Eqn can induce the promoter activity of the human apoA-I gene, leading to an increase in apoA-I mRNA levels and apoA-I protein secretion through an ER-independent pathway involving apoA-I EpRE/ARE...
  27. ncbi Effects of tibolone and conventional hormone replacement therapies on arterial and hepatic cholesterol accumulation and on circulating endothelin-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in surgically menopausal monkeys
    Thomas C Register
    Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
    Menopause 9:411-21. 2002
    ....
  28. ncbi Equilin, a principal component of the estrogen replacement therapy premarin, increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism
    R D Brinton
    USC STAR Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
    Exp Neurol 147:211-20. 1997
    ....
  29. ncbi Comparative analysis of the uterine and mammary gland effects of drospirenone and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    Christiane Otto
    TRG Women s Healthcare, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Mullerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
    Endocrinology 149:3952-9. 2008
    ..We hypothesize that the safety of combined hormone therapy in postmenopausal women may be associated with a dissociation between the uterine and mammary gland activities of the progestin component...
  30. ncbi Acute coronary vascular and myocardial perfusion effects of conjugated equine estrogen in the anesthetized dog
    N A McHugh
    State University of New Jersey, FAS Division of Life Sciences, Piscataway 08854 8083, USA
    Basic Res Cardiol 93:470-6. 1998
    ..We conclude that the acute, systemic administration of estrogen in the anesthetized dog decreases regional perfusion in the ischemic myocardium and causes significant coronary vaso-constriction when flow is controlled and limited...
  31. ncbi Differential biochemical and cellular actions of Premarin estrogens: distinct pharmacology of bazedoxifene-conjugated estrogens combination
    Thomas J Berrodin
    Nuclear Receptor Biology, Women s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
    Mol Endocrinol 23:74-85. 2009
    ....
  32. ncbi Postmenopausal femur bone loss: effects of a low dose hormone replacement therapy
    Marco Gambacciani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Maturitas 45:175-83. 2003
    ..Previous studies indicate that low-dose hormone replacement therapy (LD-HRT) can relieve vasomotor symptoms and prevent spine bone loss...
  33. ncbi Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in ovariectomized monkeys with estradiol alone or combined with nomegestrol acetate
    J D Wagner
    Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157 1040, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:896-901. 1998
    ..In conclusion, NA, a progestin without androgenic activity, may still affect some cardiovascular risk factors differently than estrogen-only therapy. However, it seems to be less detrimental than MPA...
  34. ncbi A component of Premarin(®) enhances multiple cognitive functions and influences nicotinic receptor expression
    Joshua S Talboom
    Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
    Horm Behav 58:917-28. 2010
    ....
  35. ncbi Select estrogens within the complex formulation of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin) are protective against neurodegenerative insults: implications for a composition of estrogen therapy to promote neuronal function and prevent Alzheimer's disease
    Liqin Zhao
    Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
    BMC Neurosci 7:24. 2006
    ..Further, we sought, through computer-aided modeling analyses, to investigate the potential correlation of the molecular mechanisms that conferred estrogen neuroprotection with estrogen interactions with the estrogen receptor (ER)...
  36. ncbi Short-term oral estrogen replacement therapy does not augment endothelium-independent myocardial perfusion in postmenopausal women
    L R Peterson
    Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
    Am Heart J 142:641-7. 2001
    ....
  37. ncbi Estrogen improves abnormal norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in postmenopausal women
    B H Sung
    Department of Medicine, State University of New York and Millard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo 14209, USA
    J Hypertens 17:523-8. 1999
    ..In the present study, we examined the role of estrogen in the blood pressure response to mental stress...
  38. ncbi A randomized controlled trial of estrogen replacement therapy in long-term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
    Tim Cundy
    Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, 1001 Auckland, New Zealand
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:78-81. 2003
    ..0%, P = 0.029). There were no major adverse events. These data support the view that the likely cause of DMPA-associated bone loss is estrogen deficiency and demonstrate that it can be arrested by estrogen replacement therapy...
  39. ncbi Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in different ethnic groups of Asian women and responsiveness to therapy with three doses of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate: the Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study
    Christopher J Haines
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
    Maturitas 52:264-76. 2005
    ..To survey the prevalence of 18 menopausal symptoms in nine ethnic groups of Asian women. To evaluate responsiveness of symptoms to three estrogen/progestin doses in Asian women...
  40. ncbi Body mass index does not influence response to treatment, nor does body weight change with lower doses of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women
    Wulf H Utian
    Rapid Medical Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
    Menopause 11:306-14. 2004
    ....
  41. ncbi The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers
    W Wuttke
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Gottingen, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Gottingen, Germany
    Maturitas 44:S67-77. 2003
    ..The question whether CR BNO 1055 contains substances with selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity will be investigated...
  42. ncbi Pharmacokinetics of 17 beta-dihydroequilin sulfate in normal postmenopausal women under steady state conditions
    Bhagu R Bhavnani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, St Michael s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Soc Gynecol Investig 9:102-10. 2002
    ....
  43. ncbi Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    J H Pickar
    Clinical Research and Development, Wyeth Ayerst Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    Fertil Steril 76:25-31. 2001
    ..To determine the endometrial safety of lower doses of continuous combined conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)...
  44. ncbi Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes inhibitory effects of conjugated equine estrogens on coronary artery atherosclerosis
    M R Adams
    Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27157 1040, USA
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:217-21. 1997
    ..Although the mechanism(s) remains unclear, we conclude that oral CEE inhibits the initiation and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis and that continuously administered oral MPA antagonizes this atheroprotective effect...
  45. ncbi Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
    Marcia L Stefanick
    Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 5705, USA
    Am J Med 118:64-73. 2005
    ....
  46. ncbi Lipoprotein(a) serum levels in post-menopausal women treated with oral estrogens administered at different times
    M G Caruso
    Laboratory of Biochemistry, Scientific Institute for Digestive Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. S. de Bellis, Castellana G, Italy
    Horm Metab Res 26:379-82. 1994
    ....
  47. ncbi Hormone replacement therapy and 24-hour blood pressure profile of postmenopausal women
    A Butkevich
    Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA
    Am J Hypertens 13:1039-41. 2000
    ..048). Increase in nocturnal dipping may account, in part, for the beneficial cardiovascular effects of HRT...
  48. ncbi Are all estrogens the same?
    Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink
    Pantarhei Bioscience, Institute for Clinical Concept Research in Reproductive Medicine, Pantarhei Bioscience, Zeist, The Netherlands
    Maturitas 47:269-75. 2004
    ..Well informed and individualised choice of treatment seems the appropriate solution...
  49. ncbi Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results
    James H Pickar
    Wyeth Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101 2528, USA
    Fertil Steril 80:1234-40. 2003
    ..To determine the endometrial safety of 2 years of treatment with lower doses of continuous combined conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)...
  50. ncbi Distinct lipid/lipoprotein profiles and hormonal responsiveness in nine ethnic groups of postmenopausal Asian women: the Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study
    N Taechakraichana
    Chulalongkorn Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
    Climacteric 10:225-37. 2007
    ..To add to the limited body of information currently available, we also investigated the effects of estrogen/progestin therapy on lipid/lipoprotein profiles in postmenopausal Asian women...
  51. ncbi Addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate to conjugated equine estrogens results in insulin resistance in adipose tissue
    Melanie K Shadoan
    Department of Endocrinology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
    Metabolism 56:830-7. 2007
    ....
  52. ncbi Reprint of Are all estrogens the same?
    Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink
    Pantarhei Bioscience, Institute for Clinical Concept Research in Reproductive Medicine, Pantarhei Bioscience, Zeist, The Netherlands
    Maturitas 61:195-201. 2008
    ..Well informed and individualised choice of treatment seems the appropriate solution...
  53. ncbi Effect of conjugated equine estrogens on oxidative metabolism in middle-aged and elderly postmenopausal women
    Mary Beth O'Connell
    Pharmacy Practice Department Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 2427, USA
    J Clin Pharmacol 46:1299-307. 2006
    ..CEE significantly influenced CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP-mediated dapsone oxidative metabolism but not CYP2C19, CYP2E1, or N-acetyltransferase 2 metabolism in postmenopausal women. Age influenced CYP2D6 metabolism and dapsone hydroxylation...
  54. ncbi Raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy increase arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels in postmenopausal women
    Erik J Giltay
    Psychiatric Center GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands
    J Endocrinol 182:399-408. 2004
    ..Short term administration of raloxifene in elderly men did not affect AA or DHA. The synthesis of AA and DHA from precursors may be enhanced through an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway...
  55. ncbi A comparison of the short-term effects of oral conjugated equine estrogens versus transdermal estradiol on C-reactive protein, other serum markers of inflammation, and other hepatic proteins in naturally menopausal women
    Jan L Shifren
    Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1702-10. 2008
    ....
  56. ncbi Equilenin-derived DNA adducts to cytosine in DNA duplexes: structures and thermodynamics
    Shuang Ding
    Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
    Biochemistry 44:14565-76. 2005
    ..The unusual structures and the stereochemical effects underlie their biological processing as miscoding DNA lesions whose mutagenic properties may contribute to breast cancer...
  57. ncbi Alendronate: an update of its use in osteoporosis
    M Sharpe
    Adis International Limited, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, New Zealand
    Drugs 61:999-1039. 2001
    ..Alendronate is also a suitable treatment option for primary osteoporosis in men and for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in both men and women...
  58. ncbi Ceruloplasmin serum level in post-menopausal women treated with oral estrogens administered at different times
    C Clemente
    Laboratorio di Biochimica, I.R.C.C.S.S. de Bellis Castellana G, Bari, Italy
    Horm Metab Res 24:191-3. 1992
    ..These data reflect indirectly the presence of a circadian rhythm of hepatic responsiveness to the estrogens...
  59. ncbi [Effects of tamoxifen and estrogen replacement therapy on lipid metabolism and some other cardiovascular risk factors. A prospective study in hysterectomised women]
    F Imperato
    Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Perinatologia e Puericultura, II Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Minerva Ginecol 55:87-93. 2003
    ..The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the relationship of tamoxifen and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in hysterectomised women...
  60. ncbi Alkylation of 2'-deoxynucleosides and DNA by the Premarin metabolite 4-hydroxyequilenin semiquinone radical
    L Shen
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 7231, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 11:94-101. 1998
    ..The production of these semiquinone radical-derived DNA adducts could play a role in the carcinogenic effects of Premarin estrogens...
  61. ncbi Coronary heart disease in postmenopausal recipients of estrogen plus progestin therapy: does the increased risk ever disappear? A randomized trial
    Sengwee Toh
    Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 133 Brookline Avenue, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Ann Intern Med 152:211-7. 2010
    ..Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women. However, this increased risk might be limited to the first years of use and to women who start therapy late in menopause...
  62. ncbi Effect on sexual life--a comparison between tibolone and continuous combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    Dilek Uygur
    Zubeyde Hanim Maternity Hospital, Telsizler, Ankara, Turkey
    Gynecol Endocrinol 20:209-12. 2005
    ..To compare the effects of tibolone 2.5 mg with those of continuous combined conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/day and medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg/day (CEE/MPA) on sexual life in postmenopausal women...
  63. ncbi Endometrial effects of bazedoxifene acetate, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, in postmenopausal women
    Sheila Ronkin
    Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 105:1397-404. 2005
    ..To assess the endometrial effects of bazedoxifene acetate in healthy postmenopausal women...
  64. ncbi Different effects of transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy on the renin-angiotensin system, plasma bradykinin level, and blood pressure of normotensive postmenopausal women
    Junko Ichikawa
    Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Women s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
    Am J Hypertens 19:744-9. 2006
    ....
  65. ncbi Effects of estrogen-only therapy on LDL oxidation in women with hysterectomy: does paraoxonase genotype play a role?
    Yasemin D Akçay
    Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bornova Izmir 35100, Turkey
    Maturitas 53:325-32. 2006
    ..PON genotypes are also evaluated considering that they may be associated with the personal differences observed in antioxidant effects induced by estrogen...
  66. ncbi Effects of lasofoxifene on bone in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys
    Cynthia Lees
    Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
    Menopause 14:97-105. 2007
    ..The primary endpoint of this study was biomechanical testing of animals treated for 2 years...
  67. ncbi Premarin can act via estrogen receptors to rescue mice from heatstroke-induced lethality
    Kun Hung Shen
    Department of Urology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
    Shock 30:668-74. 2008
    ..The data indicate that Premarin may act via ERs to rescue mice form HS-induced lethality...
  68. ncbi Health risks and benefits 3 years after stopping randomized treatment with estrogen and progestin
    Gerardo Heiss
    University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 3628, USA
    JAMA 299:1036-45. 2008
    ..The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo was stopped early, after a mean 5.6 years of follow-up, because the overall health risks of hormone therapy exceeded its benefits...
  69. ncbi Effects of estrogen with and without progestin and obesity on symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux
    Zongli Zheng
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Gastroenterology 135:72-81. 2008
    ..An association between female hormones and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and may be modified by obesity is suggested but not proven. Factors affecting GERD progression, however, are largely unknown...
  70. ncbi [Low dose estrogens and synthetic estrogens. Options for hormone replacement therapy in climacteric women]
    Vitelio Velasco-Murillo
    Coordinación de Salud Reproductiva, Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
    Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 45:381-7. 2007
    ..This review aims at contributing to the analysis a possible future use of this type of hormone treatment within the institutional program with the goal of giving safer options to clinicians in managing women with menopausal symptoms...
  71. ncbi Bazedoxifene and bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis
    E Michael Lewiecki
    New Mexico Clinical Research and Osteoporosis Center, 300 Oak Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
    Expert Opin Investig Drugs 16:1663-72. 2007
    ..Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens is a potential agent for the prevention of PMO and control of menopausal symptoms...
  72. ncbi The pairing of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, with conjugated estrogens as a new paradigm for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention
    Yogendra Kharode
    Wyeth Research, Women s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
    Endocrinology 149:6084-91. 2008
    ..These preclinical findings showed that the appropriate dose combination of bazedoxifene/CE exhibits positive vasomotor, lipid, and skeletal responses with minimal uterine stimulation...
  73. ncbi HRT and breast cancer risk: a realistic perspective
    J C Stevenson
    Climacteric 14:633-6. 2011
    ..HRT is a benefit, not a risk, for those women requiring it...
  74. ncbi Premarin improves memory, prevents scopolamine-induced amnesia and increases number of basal forebrain choline acetyltransferase positive cells in middle-aged surgically menopausal rats
    Jazmin I Acosta
    Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
    Horm Behav 55:454-64. 2009
    ..These findings are similar to those reported previously for 17 beta-estradiol, and suggest that CEE can provide cognitive benefits on spatial learning, reference and working memory, possibly through cholinergic mechanisms...
  75. ncbi NMR and computational studies of stereoisomeric equine estrogen-derived DNA cytidine adducts in oligonucleotide duplexes: opposite orientations of diastereomeric forms
    Na Zhang
    Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
    Biochemistry 48:7098-109. 2009
    ..These differences in stereoisomeric adduct conformations may play a role in the processing of these lesions in cellular environments...
  76. ncbi Environmental health impacts of equine estrogens derived from hormone replacement therapy
    Charles R Tyler
    School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
    Environ Sci Technol 43:3897-904. 2009
    ..These data provide evidence for the discharge of equine estrogens from HRT into the aquatic environment and highlight a strong likelihood that these compounds contribute to feminization in exposed wildlife...
  77. ncbi Relief of vasomotor symptoms with the tissue-selective estrogen complex containing bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens: a randomized, controlled trial
    Joann V Pinkerton
    University of Virginia, Midlife Health Center and Division, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
    Menopause 16:1116-24. 2009
    ..The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of bazedoxifene (BZA)/conjugated estrogens (CE) treating moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in the Selective Estrogen Menopause and Response to Therapy 2 trial...
  78. ncbi 4-hydroxyequilenin-adenine lesions in DNA duplexes: stereochemistry, damage site, and structure
    Shuang Ding
    Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003
    Biochemistry 46:182-91. 2007
    ..These characteristics may manifest themselves in terms of differential nucleotide excision repair susceptibilities and mutagenic activities of the 4-OHEN-A and C adducts...
  79. ncbi Conjugated equine estrogens reverse the effects of aging on central and peripheral allopregnanolone and beta-endorphin levels in female rats
    Andrea R Genazzani
    Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, P Fioretti Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 35, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Fertil Steril 81:757-66. 2004
    ..To compare beta-endorphin and allopregnanolone levels and their response to a 2-week oral estrogen treatment with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) in young ovariectomized (ovx) and in healthy aged female rats...
  80. ncbi Bone response to treatment with lower doses of conjugated estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women
    Robert Lindsay
    Helen Hayes Hospital, Route 9 W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA
    Osteoporos Int 16:372-9. 2005
    ..In summary, continued bone loss among early postmenopausal women treated with lower doses of CE or CE/MPA is uncommon...
  81. ncbi Catechol estrogen 4-hydroxyequilenin is a substrate and an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase
    Jiaqin Yao
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy M C 781, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, 60612, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 16:668-75. 2003
    ..These data suggest that inhibition of COMT methylation by 4-OHEN might reduce endogenous catechol estrogen clearance in vivo and further enhance toxicity...
  82. ncbi Estrogen alone or combined with medroxyprogesterone but not raloxifene reduce myocardial infarct size
    Eftihia Sbarouni
    2nd Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 356 Syngrou Avenue, 176 74 Athens, Greece
    Eur J Pharmacol 467:163-8. 2003
    ..Raloxifene, however, does not decrease infarct size compared to placebo...
  83. ncbi Estrogen levels do not correlate with improvement in cognition
    Leon J Thal
    Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
    Arch Neurol 60:209-12. 2003
    ..To investigate whether an association exists between estradiol and estrone levels and measures of cognitive functioning in women with Alzheimer disease (AD) treated with conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin; Wyeth-Ayerst, Philadelphia, Pa)...
  84. ncbi Comparison of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens effects on carotid artery atherosclerosis of postmenopausal monkeys
    Thomas B Clarkson
    Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 1040, USA
    Stroke 33:2700-3. 2002
    ....
  85. ncbi Low-dose conjugated equine estrogens elevate circulating neurotransmitters and improve the psychological well-being of menopausal women
    Arturo Zarate
    Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
    Fertil Steril 77:952-5. 2002
    ..To assess the effect of low-dose conjugated equine estrogens (E) on circulating neurotransmitters and the efficacy for the treatment of psychological symptoms...
  86. ncbi Serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in postmenopausal women: the effect of hormone replacement therapy
    R Agrawal
    Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Middlesex Hospital and The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    Fertil Steril 73:56-60. 2000
    ..To assess serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in healthy postmenopausal women in relation to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the presence or absence of a uterus...
  87. ncbi Quality of life and costs associated with micronized progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate in hormone replacement therapy for nonhysterectomized, postmenopausal women
    N Ryan
    Innovus Research Inc, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
    Clin Ther 23:1099-115. 2001
    ..A micronized form of natural progesterone is available that is readily absorbed and reaches peak serum concentrations from 1 to 4 hours after administration...
  88. ncbi Conjugated equine estrogens alone, but not in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate, inhibit aortic connective tissue remodeling after plasma lipid lowering in female monkeys
    T C Register
    Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center and the Department of Comparative Medicine of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 1040, USA
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18:1164-71. 1998
    ..These results have implications for combinations of lipid-lowering and hormone replacement therapies in relation to vascular remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm development...
  89. ncbi Hormonal replacement regimens and bleeding
    M Doren
    Department of Family Planning, King s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
    Maturitas 34:S17-23. 2000
    ..There is no ideal therapy available to suit women looking for a permanently bleed-free hormonal replacement therapy today...
  90. ncbi Effects of low-dose, continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on sleep in symptomatic postmenopausal women
    Marco Gambacciani
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Maturitas 50:91-7. 2005
    ..Low-dose estrogen associated with low-dose micronized progesterone may especially benefit women who complain of disturbed sleep...
  91. ncbi [Hormone substitution with premarin plus. Results of an Austrian multicenter treatment study]
    T Kazar
    Wyeth Osterreich, Wien
    Wien Med Wochenschr 145:18-21. 1995
    ..Overall judgement of the results shows a very high level of efficacy and a well tolerated scheme of hormone replacement therapy with the option of individual estrogen dose adjustments...
  92. ncbi Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
    Sally A Shumaker
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
    JAMA 291:2947-58. 2004
    ..The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously found increased risk for dementia and no effect on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in women treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)...
  93. ncbi The oxidative metabolism of estrogen modulates response to ERT/HRT in postmenopausal women
    Reina C Armamento-Villareal
    Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
    Bone 35:682-8. 2004
    ..Thus, women with estrogen metabolism favoring the 2-hydroxylation pathway respond favorably to ERT/HRT...
  94. ncbi Skeletal effects of bazedoxifene paired with conjugated estrogens in ovariectomized rats
    Barry S Komm
    Pfizer Inc, 500 Arcola Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
    Bone 49:376-86. 2011
    ..In conclusion, 12months of treatment with BZA/CE in OVX rats effectively maintained BMD, bone microstructure, and bone quality; and the pairing of BZA with CE prevented CE-induced uterine stimulation...
  95. ncbi Effects of menopause and hormone therapy on erythrocyte deformability
    Tomohisa Sakashita
    Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami Ku, Hiroshima, Japan
    Menopause 16:555-8. 2009
    ..Specifically, erythrocyte deformability is considered to be one of the most significant factors in determining this hemorheological condition...
  96. ncbi Endogenous sex hormone levels and risk of cognitive decline in an older biracial cohort
    K Yaffe
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    Neurobiol Aging 28:171-8. 2007
    ..Older women treated with conjugated estrogens may have an increased risk of dementia, but the effect of naturally occurring sex hormones on cognition is not certain...
  97. ncbi A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles
    E Barrett-Connor
    Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093 0607, USA
    J Reprod Med 44:1012-20. 1999
    ..To compare the effects of two doses of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and two of esterified estrogen plus methyltestosterone (E + A) in surgically menopausal women...
  98. ncbi Hot flushes, coronary heart disease, and hormone therapy in postmenopausal women
    Alison J Huang
    Departments of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:639-43. 2009
    ..The aim of this study was to examine interactions between hot flushes, estrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT), and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in postmenopausal women with CHD...
  99. ncbi Influence of the CYP17 polymorphism on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a pilot study
    R C Nogueira
    Federal University of Sao Paulo, Gynecology Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Climacteric 14:537-43. 2011
    ..To evaluate the influence of CYP17 polymorphism on menopausal symptoms after estrogen treatment...
  100. ncbi [Estrogen replacement in postmenopause, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis: comparison of a new kind of transdermal estradiol treatment with oral therapy with conjugated estrogens]
    U H Winkler
    Zentrum für Frauenheilkunde, Universitatsklinikum Essen
    Zentralbl Gynakol 117:540-8. 1995
    ..However, oral ERT significantly reduced PAI 1 concentration by 40% suggesting an improved fibrinolytic capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..
  101. ncbi Changes in normal lipid profile of menopausal women with combined hormone replacement therapy. Comparative clinical trial of two hormonal combinations (conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate versus estradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate)
    R Alwers
    Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Santa Clara, Schering Colombiana S A, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia
    Maturitas 32:41-50. 1999
    ..To compare the effect on plasma lipids of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CE/MPA) and estradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate (EV/CPA) in healthy peri and postmenopausal women during 1 year...

Research Grants68

  1. Novel Treatment of menopausal hot flushes with an extradiol prodrug
    Istvan Merchenthaler; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..e., the use of para-quinol of estrogen as a prodrug approach. The prodrug is converted to estrogen in brain but not uterus and breast, and as a result, it blunts hot flushes in an animal model of hot flush. ..
  2. Novel treatment of menopausal hot flushes with an estradiol prodrug
    Laszlo Prokai; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..In addition, the pro-drug approach we propose here could provide an impetus for drug discovery of other related or un-related therapies. ..
  3. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..abstract_text> ..
  4. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  5. Isomeric HRT estrogen-DNA adducts: Structure and Repair
    Nicholas Geacintov; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  6. ER beta selective agonist coronary protection-menopause
    R Hermsmeyer; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..The new ERbetaA is to be contrasted with PremPro(r) (oral conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate) which failed to provide cardiovascular protection in the Women's Health Initiative. ..
  7. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    HEATHER ALLYSON BIMONTE NELSON; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..These studies will help elucidate which variations in hormone therapy attenuate or exacerbate age-related changes in cognition and the brain, as well as the mechanism of progesterone's effects when given alone and with estrogen. ..
  8. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    Heather Bimonte Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..These studies will help elucidate which variations in hormone therapy attenuate or exacerbate age-related changes in cognition and the brain, as well as the mechanism of progesterone's effects when given alone and with estrogen. ..
  9. Variations in Hormone Therapy: Effects on Cognition and Markers of Brain Aging
    Heather Bimonte Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These studies will help elucidate which variations in hormone therapy attenuate or exacerbate age-related changes in cognition and the brain, as well as the mechanism of progesterone's effects when given alone and with estrogen. ..
  10. CARCINOGENICITY OF B RING UNSATURATED ESTROGENS
    DAVID SPINK; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..abstract_text> ..
  11. Progestin Actions in the Primate Breast and Uterus
    Charles Wood; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This work will have immediate public health relevance to postmenopausal women seeking the safest form of hormone therapy. ..
  12. HORMONE REPLACEMENT IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH EPILEPSY
    Cynthia Harden; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..The outcome of this study will be determined by comparing seizure frequency in the baseline phase with the treated phase between placebo and hormone treated groups. ..
  13. HORMONE REPLACEMENT AND METABOLIC CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
    Cynthia Sites; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..In addition, our study may allow physicians to target hormone replacement to women with specific body compositions. ..
  14. Xenoestrogens: Genomic and Non-genomic Mechanisms
    Nira Ben Jonathan; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The results of these studies should provide much needed experimental foundation for assessing the vulnerability of the pituitary gland to insults by endocrine disruptors. ..
  15. Estrogen, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk
    David Reuben; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..These findings may provide substantial insight into why CEE appears to promote early but protect against late cardiovascular effects. ..
  16. The effects of randomized, low-dose hormone therapy on mammographic density in KE
    Rulla M Tamimi; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  17. SEX STEROIDS AND MAMMOGRAM DENSITY IN THE POSTMENOPAUSE
    Gail Greendale; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..The investigators state that this may serve as the first in a series of investigations that would allow identification of those women at higher risk of developing breast toxicity from postmenopausal supplemental hormone use. ..