micrornas

Summary

Summary: Small regulatory, ANTISENSE RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length that repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of homologous target RNA. The process by which they are generated is related to the process that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans are a class of miRNAs

Top Publications

  1. ncbi MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
    George A Calin
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Nat Rev Cancer 6:857-66. 2006
  2. ncbi MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions
    David P Bartel
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    Cell 136:215-33. 2009
  3. ncbi MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function
    David P Bartel
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
    Cell 116:281-97. 2004
  4. ncbi Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs
    Robin C Friedman
    Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    Genome Res 19:92-105. 2009
  5. ncbi Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets
    Benjamin P Lewis
    Cell 120:15-20. 2005
  6. ncbi miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics
    Sam Griffiths-Jones
    Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
    Nucleic Acids Res 36:D154-8. 2008
  7. ncbi Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels
    Huili Guo
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
    Nature 466:835-40. 2010
  8. ncbi Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs
    Richard W Carthew
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 3500, USA
    Cell 136:642-55. 2009
  9. ncbi MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
    Jun Lu
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
    Nature 435:834-8. 2005
  10. ncbi Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection
    Patrick S Mitchell
    Divisions of Human Biology, Clinical Research, and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:10513-8. 2008

Research Grants

  1. Micro RNA Expression and Cancer
    Thomas Schmittgen; Fiscal Year: 2005
  2. microRNA Uncoupling of Protein and Transcript Expression in Liver Regeneration
    Clifford Steer; Fiscal Year: 2009
  3. ROLE OF MINERALOCORTICOIDS IN HYPERTENSION
    Celso Gomez Sanchez; Fiscal Year: 2009
  4. Role of noncoding RNAs in schizophrenia
    Claes Wahlestedt; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. Role of miRNAs in Vascular Physiology
    Akiko Hata; Fiscal Year: 2009
  6. Role of Brain-Specific microRNAs in Suppression of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation
    Eugene D Ponomarev; Fiscal Year: 2010
  7. ROLE OF MINERALOCORTICOIDS IN HYPERTENSION
    CELSO ENRIQUE GOMEZ SANCHEZ; Fiscal Year: 2010
  8. microRNA Uncoupling of Protein and Transcript Expression in Liver Regeneration
    CLIFFORD JOHN STEER; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. Role of noncoding RNAs in schizophrenia
    CLAES ROBERT contact WAHLESTEDT; Fiscal Year: 2010
  10. MicroRNAs and chromosome 22q in the colon
    Anil K Rustgi; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications309 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
    George A Calin
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Nat Rev Cancer 6:857-66. 2006
    ..In addition, profiling has been exploited to identify miRNA genes that might represent downstream targets of activated oncogenic pathways, or that target protein-coding genes involved in cancer...
  2. ncbi MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions
    David P Bartel
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    Cell 136:215-33. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 23 nt RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in animals and plants by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression...
  3. ncbi MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function
    David P Bartel
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
    Cell 116:281-97. 2004
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression...
  4. ncbi Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs
    Robin C Friedman
    Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    Genome Res 19:92-105. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that pair to sites in mRNAs to direct post-transcriptional repression...
  5. ncbi Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets
    Benjamin P Lewis
    Cell 120:15-20. 2005
    We predict regulatory targets of vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) by identifying mRNAs with conserved complementarity to the seed (nucleotides 2-7) of the miRNA...
  6. ncbi miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics
    Sam Griffiths-Jones
    Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
    Nucleic Acids Res 36:D154-8. 2008
    ..miRBase is available at http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/...
  7. ncbi Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels
    Huili Guo
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
    Nature 466:835-40. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that mediate important gene-regulatory events by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their repression...
  8. ncbi Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs
    Richard W Carthew
    Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 3500, USA
    Cell 136:642-55. 2009
    ..Two primary categories of these small RNAs--short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)--act in both somatic and germline lineages in a broad range of eukaryotic species to regulate ..
  9. ncbi MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
    Jun Lu
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
    Nature 435:834-8. 2005
    Recent work has revealed the existence of a class of small non-coding RNA species, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), which have critical functions across various biological processes...
  10. ncbi Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection
    Patrick S Mitchell
    Divisions of Human Biology, Clinical Research, and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:10513-8. 2008
    ..b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ( approximately 22 nt) regulatory RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have ..
  11. ncbi Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs
    Marc Robert Fabian
    Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
    Annu Rev Biochem 79:351-79. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that extensively regulate gene expression in animals, plants, and protozoa...
  12. ncbi Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells
    Alexander Marson
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
    Cell 134:521-33. 2008
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for normal embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and cellular differentiation, but how miRNA gene expression is controlled by the key transcriptional regulators of ES cells has not been established...
  13. ncbi The impact of microRNAs on protein output
    Daehyun Baek
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
    Nature 455:64-71. 2008
    b>MicroRNAs are endogenous approximately 23-nucleotide RNAs that can pair to sites in the messenger RNAs of protein-coding genes to downregulate the expression from these messages...
  14. ncbi Mammalian microRNAs: experimental evaluation of novel and previously annotated genes
    H Rosaria Chiang
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
    Genes Dev 24:992-1009. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that derive from distinctive hairpin transcripts...
  15. ncbi Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer
    Aurora Esquela-Kerscher
    Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nat Rev Cancer 6:259-69. 2006
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators...
  16. ncbi Origin, biogenesis, and activity of plant microRNAs
    Olivier Voinnet
    Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR2357 Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
    Cell 136:669-87. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. Plants use highly conserved as well as more recently evolved, species-specific miRNAs to control a vast array of biological processes...
  17. ncbi The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay
    Jacek Krol
    Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
    Nat Rev Genet 11:597-610. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are approximately 21 nucleotides in length and control many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms...
  18. ncbi Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP
    Markus Hafner
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
    Cell 141:129-41. 2010
    ..The precise mapping of binding sites across the transcriptome will be critical to the interpretation of the rapidly emerging data on genetic variation between individuals and how these variations contribute to complex genetic diseases...
  19. ncbi Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR
    Caifu Chen
    Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 33:e179. 2005
    ..Furthermore, the concept of stem-loop RT primer design could be applied in small RNA cloning and multiplex assays for better specificity and efficiency...
  20. ncbi The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1
    Philip A Gregory
    Hanson Institute and Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Nat Cell Biol 10:593-601. 2008
    ..Enforced expression of the miR-200 family alone was sufficient to prevent TGF-beta-induced EMT. Together, these microRNAs cooperatively regulate expression of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressors ZEB1 (also known as deltaEF1) and ..
  21. ncbi Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer
    Carlo M Croce
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    Nat Rev Genet 10:704-14. 2009
    ....
  22. ncbi The microRNA.org resource: targets and expression
    Doron Betel
    Computational and Systems Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 36:D149-53. 2008
    ..current biological knowledge on target rules and on the use of an up-to-date compendium of mammalian microRNAs. MicroRNA expression profiles are derived from a comprehensive sequencing project of a large set of mammalian ..
  23. ncbi miRBase: integrating microRNA annotation and deep-sequencing data
    Ana Kozomara
    Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
    Nucleic Acids Res 39:D152-7. 2011
    ..We have mapped reads from short RNA deep-sequencing experiments to microRNAs in miRBase and developed web interfaces to view these mappings...
  24. ncbi The functions of animal microRNAs
    Victor Ambros
    Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Genetics, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA E mail
    Nature 431:350-5. 2004
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate the expression of complementary messenger RNAs. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse animals, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved...
  25. ncbi MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer
    Fanyin Meng
    Department of Internal Medicine, Scott and White Clinic, Texas A and M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
    Gastroenterology 133:647-58. 2007
    b>microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively...
  26. ncbi A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets
    Stefano Volinia
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:2257-61. 2006
    Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer development and progression and are differentially expressed in normal tissues and cancers...
  27. ncbi NF-kappaB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
    Konstantin D Taganov
    Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:12481-6. 2006
    ..b>MicroRNAs have been implicated as negative regulators controlling diverse biological processes at the level of ..
  28. ncbi Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation
    Julia Winter
    Helmholtz University Group Molecular RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ and Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, B150 INF 581, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Nat Cell Biol 11:228-34. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as development and cancer...
  29. ncbi Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe
    Megha Ghildiyal
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
    Nat Rev Genet 10:94-108. 2009
    ..in 1993 of the first small silencing RNA, a dizzying number of small RNA classes have been identified, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)...
  30. ncbi The database of experimentally supported targets: a functional update of TarBase
    Giorgos L Papadopoulos
    Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 166 72 Varkiza, Synaptic Ltd, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:D155-8. 2009
    ..Additionally, the database is functionally linked to several other relevant and useful databases such as Ensembl, Hugo, UCSC and SwissProt. The TarBase5.0 database can be queried or downloaded from http://microrna.gr/tarbase...
  31. ncbi Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases
    Xi Chen
    Jiangsu Diabetes Center, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
    Cell Res 18:997-1006. 2008
    Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers...
  32. ncbi Genome-wide mapping of in vivo protein-DNA interactions
    David S Johnson
    Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305 5120, USA
    Science 316:1497-502. 2007
    ..96] and statistical confidence (P <10(-4)), properties that were important for inferring new candidate interactions. These include key transcription factors in the gene network that regulates pancreatic islet cell development...
  33. ncbi Transactivation of miR-34a by p53 broadly influences gene expression and promotes apoptosis
    Tsung Cheng Chang
    The McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Mol Cell 26:745-52. 2007
    ..In this report, we demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important components of the p53 transcriptional network...
  34. ncbi microRNA-directed phasing during trans-acting siRNA biogenesis in plants
    Edwards Allen
    Center for Gene Research and Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
    Cell 121:207-21. 2005
    Plants and animals use small RNAs (microRNAs [miRNAs] and siRNAs) as guides for posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation...
  35. ncbi MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells
    Jennifer A Chan
    Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Cancer Res 65:6029-33. 2005
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate protein expression by targeting the mRNA of protein-coding genes for either cleavage or repression of translation...
  36. ncbi miRecords: an integrated resource for microRNA-target interactions
    Feifei Xiao
    Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:D105-10. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small noncoding RNAs capable of regulating other genes' expression. Much progress has been made in computational target prediction of miRNAs in recent years...
  37. ncbi Combinatorial microRNA target predictions
    Azra Krek
    Center for Comparative Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
    Nat Genet 37:495-500. 2005
    b>MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that recognize and bind to partially complementary sites in the 3' untranslated regions of target genes in animals and, by unknown mechanisms, regulate protein production of the target transcript...
  38. ncbi Cleavage of Scarecrow-like mRNA targets directed by a class of Arabidopsis miRNA
    Cesar Llave
    Center for Gene Research and Biotechnology, and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
    Science 297:2053-6. 2002
    ....
  39. ncbi Criteria for annotation of plant MicroRNAs
    Blake C Meyers
    Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
    Plant Cell 20:3186-90. 2008
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21 nucleotide noncoding RNAs produced by Dicer-catalyzed excision from stem-loop precursors...
  40. ncbi MicroRNAs in Cancer
    Ramiro Garzon
    Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    Annu Rev Med 60:167-79. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs with important functions in development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis...
  41. ncbi MicroRNAs in cancer: small molecules with a huge impact
    Marilena V Iorio
    Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
    J Clin Oncol 27:5848-56. 2009
    Every cellular process is likely to be regulated by microRNAs, and an aberrant microRNA expression signature is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer...
  42. ncbi MicroRNA targeting specificity in mammals: determinants beyond seed pairing
    Andrew Grimson
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    Mol Cell 27:91-105. 2007
    Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) pair to 3'UTRs of mRNAs to direct their posttranscriptional repression. Important for target recognition are approximately 7 nt sites that match the seed region of the miRNA...
  43. ncbi Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs
    Matthias Selbach
    Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Rossle Str 10, D 13125 Berlin, Germany
    Nature 455:58-63. 2008
    Animal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or by inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. It is unknown how much translational control is exerted by miRNAs on a genome-wide scale...
  44. ncbi MicroRNA-29 family reverts aberrant methylation in lung cancer by targeting DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B
    Muller Fabbri
    Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15805-10. 2007
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate expression of many genes. Recent studies suggest roles of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. We and others have shown that expression profiles of miRNAs are different in lung cancer vs...
  45. ncbi The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing
    Yoontae Lee
    Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151 742, Korea
    Nature 425:415-9. 2003
    Hundreds of small RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, collectively named microRNAs (miRNAs), have been discovered recently in animals and plants...
  46. ncbi MicroRNA control of signal transduction
    Masafumi Inui
    Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Padua, viale Colombo 3, 35100 Padua, Italy
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:252-63. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are integral elements in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. After the identification of hundreds of miRNAs, the challenge is now to understand their specific biological function...
  47. ncbi A dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that requires Ago catalysis
    Sihem Cheloufi
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Nature 465:584-9. 2010
    ..Homozygous mutants died shortly after birth with an obvious anaemia. Examination of microRNAs and their potential targets revealed a loss of miR-451, a small RNA important for erythropoiesis...
  48. ncbi A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology
    Laura Poliseno
    Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
    Nature 465:1033-8. 2010
    ..However, given that microRNAs bind to RNAs, we hypothesized that RNAs could possess a regulatory role that relies on their ability to compete ..
  49. ncbi MiR-150 controls B cell differentiation by targeting the transcription factor c-Myb
    Changchun Xiao
    The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Cell 131:146-59. 2007
    ....
  50. ncbi Biogenesis of small RNAs in animals
    V Narry Kim
    School of Biological Sciences and Center for National Creative Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151 742, Korea
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:126-39. 2009
    ..classes based on their biogenesis mechanism and the type of Argonaute protein that they are associated with: microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)...
  51. ncbi Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system
    Ryan M O'Connell
    Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 330 Braun, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 10:111-22. 2010
    Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression, and they function by repressing specific target genes at the post-transcriptional level...
  52. ncbi Rice MicroRNA effector complexes and targets
    Liang Wu
    National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
    Plant Cell 21:3421-35. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small silencing RNAs with regulatory roles in gene expression. miRNAs interact with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to form effector complexes that cleave target mRNAs or repress translation...
  53. ncbi A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network
    Lin He
    Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Nature 447:1130-4. 2007
    ..The p53 network suppresses tumour formation through the coordinated activation of multiple transcriptional targets, and miR-34 may act in concert with other effectors to inhibit inappropriate cell proliferation...
  54. ncbi Human MicroRNA targets
    Bino John
    Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
    PLoS Biol 2:e363. 2004
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with target mRNAs at specific sites to induce cleavage of the message or inhibit translation. The specific function of most mammalian miRNAs is unknown...
  55. ncbi Lost in translation: an assessment and perspective for computational microRNA target identification
    Panagiotis Alexiou
    Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 166 72 Varkiza, Greece
    Bioinformatics 25:3049-55. 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short endogenously expressed RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding directly to the messenger RNA of protein coding genes...
  56. ncbi A novel class of small RNAs: tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs)
    Yong Sun Lee
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
    Genes Dev 23:2639-49. 2009
    New types of small RNAs distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs) are progressively being discovered in various organisms...
  57. ncbi Identification of grapevine microRNAs and their targets using high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis
    Vitantonio Pantaleo
    Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
    Plant J 62:960-76. 2010
    In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise one of three classes of small RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level...
  58. ncbi Expanding the microRNA targeting code: functional sites with centered pairing
    Chanseok Shin
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
    Mol Cell 38:789-802. 2010
    ..This expanded repertoire of cleavage targets and the identification of the centered site type help explain why central regions of many miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved...
  59. ncbi Circulating microRNAs in patients with coronary artery disease
    Stephan Fichtlscherer
    Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
    Circ Res 107:677-84. 2010
    b>MicroRNAs are small RNAs that control gene expression. Besides their cell intrinsic function, recent studies reported that microRNAs are released by cultured cells and can be detected in the blood.
  60. ncbi Highly specific gene silencing by artificial microRNAs in Arabidopsis
    Rebecca Schwab
    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, , Germany
    Plant Cell 18:1121-33. 2006
    Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) affect only a small number of targets with high sequence complementarity, while animal miRNAs usually have hundreds of targets with limited complementarity...
  61. ncbi MicroRNAs: new regulators of immune cell development and function
    David Baltimore
    Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    Nat Immunol 9:839-45. 2008
    ..Here we bring together much of this work, which has so far only scratched the surface of this very fertile field of investigation, and show how the results illuminate many historic questions about hematopoiesis and immune function...
  62. ncbi MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation
    Lin He
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Nat Rev Genet 5:522-31. 2004
  63. ncbi Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing
    J Graham Ruby
    Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
    Nature 448:83-6. 2007
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide endogenous RNAs that often repress the expression of complementary messenger RNAs...
  64. ncbi Structural features of small RNA precursors determine Argonaute loading in Caenorhabditis elegans
    Florian A Steiner
    Hubrecht Institute, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
    Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:927-33. 2007
    In C. elegans, DCR-1 is required for the maturation of both short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are subsequently loaded into different Argonaute proteins to mediate silencing via distinct mechanisms...
  65. ncbi [MiRNA in disease and therapeutic development]
    Yoichiro Tanaka
    Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 51:2509-14. 2006
  66. ncbi Genome-wide high-resolution mapping of exosome substrates reveals hidden features in the Arabidopsis transcriptome
    Julia A Chekanova
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
    Cell 131:1340-53. 2007
    ..These first genome-wide maps of exosome substrates will aid in illuminating new fundamental components and regulatory mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptomes...
  67. ncbi The roles of plant dsRNA-binding proteins in RNAi-like pathways
    Shaun J Curtin
    CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra, P O Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
    FEBS Lett 582:2753-60. 2008
    ..DCL2 and DCL3 produce viral siRNAs without requiring assistance from any dsRBP. DRB2, DRB3 and DRB5 appear unnecessary for mi-, tasi-, viral si-, or heterochromatinising siRNA production but act redundantly in a developmental pathway...
  68. ncbi A silencing safeguard: links between RNA silencing and mRNA processing in Arabidopsis
    Xuemei Chen
    Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
    Dev Cell 14:811-2. 2008
    ....
  69. ncbi Specificity of ARGONAUTE7-miR390 interaction and dual functionality in TAS3 trans-acting siRNA formation
    Taiowa A Montgomery
    Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
    Cell 133:128-41. 2008
    ..miR390 and AGO7, therefore, evolved as a highly specific miRNA guide/effector protein pair to function at two distinct tasiRNA biogenesis steps...
  70. ncbi Two molecular features contribute to the Argonaute specificity for the microRNA and RNAi pathways in C. elegans
    Guillaume Jannot
    Laval University Cancer Research Centre, Hôtel Dieu de Québec CHUQ, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 2J6, Canada
    RNA 14:829-35. 2008
    ..Thus, our data suggest that the selection of Argonaute proteins is affected by two molecular features: (1) the structure of the small RNA duplex; and (2) the Argonautes specific characteristics...
  71. ncbi Inhibition of HIV-1 by multiple siRNAs expressed from a single microRNA polycistron
    Ying Poi Liu
    Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam CINIMA, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Nucleic Acids Res 36:2811-24. 2008
    ..These combined results indicate that a multiplex miRNA strategy may be a promising therapeutic approach to attack escape-prone viral pathogens...
  72. ncbi GW182 interaction with Argonaute is essential for miRNA-mediated translational repression and mRNA decay
    Ana Eulalio
    Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, D 72076 Tubingen, Germany
    Nat Struct Mol Biol 15:346-53. 2008
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) silence gene expression by binding 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs...
  73. ncbi Let me count the ways: mechanisms of gene regulation by miRNAs and siRNAs
    Ligang Wu
    Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Mol Cell 29:1-7. 2008
    ..Moreover, under certain conditions, miRNAs are also capable of activating translation. A variety of cellular proteins have been implicated in these regulatory mechanisms, yet their exact roles remain largely unresolved...
  74. ncbi Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus coat protein inhibits trans-acting small interfering RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis
    Chunying Meng
    Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117545 Singapore
    J Gen Virol 89:2349-58. 2008
    ..The reduced accumulation of ta-siRNA might result from the interference of HCRSV CP with Dicer-like protein(s), responsible for the generation of dsRNA in ta-siRNA biogenesis...
  75. ncbi A complex system of small RNAs in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    Tao Zhao
    National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
    Genes Dev 21:1190-203. 2007
    ..Plants and animals contain many microRNAs (miRNAs) that play vital roles in development, including helping to specify cell type and tissue identity...
  76. ncbi RNA interference: methylation mystery
    Michael Ronemus
    Nature 433:472-3. 2005
  77. ncbi MicroRNA-9 controls the expression of Granuphilin/Slp4 and the secretory response of insulin-producing cells
    Valérie Plaisance
    Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, and Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
    J Biol Chem 281:26932-42. 2006
    ..b>MicroRNAs are newly discovered small non-coding RNAs acting as repressors of gene expression...
  78. ncbi Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex
    Dianne S Schwarz
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research Building, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
    Cell 115:199-208. 2003
    ..Asymmetry is the hallmark of a related class of small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs)...
  79. ncbi La Crosse virus nonstructural protein NSs counteracts the effects of short interfering RNA
    Samantha S Soldan
    Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 4283, USA
    J Virol 79:234-44. 2005
    ..Additionally, NSs will help us to identify molecular pathways involved in RNAi and further define its role in the innate immune system...
  80. ncbi Loss of function of OsDCL1 affects microRNA accumulation and causes developmental defects in rice
    Bin Liu
    National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
    Plant Physiol 139:296-305. 2005
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two types of noncoding RNAs involved in developmental regulation, genome maintenance, and defense in eukaryotes...
  81. ncbi Ectopic DICER-LIKE1 expression in P1/HC-Pro Arabidopsis rescues phenotypic anomalies but not defects in microRNA and silencing pathways
    Sizolwenkosi Mlotshwa
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
    Plant Cell 17:2873-85. 2005
    ..These data suggest that P1/HC-Pro defects in development do not result from general impairments in small RNA pathways and raise the possibility that DCL1 participates in processes in addition to miRNA biogenesis...
  82. ncbi [RNA binding proteins in the RNA interference phenomenon]
    S G Shpiz
    Mol Biol (Mosk) 40:595-608. 2006
    ..The interactions of these domains with the earlier well known RNA binding modules in RNAi proteins are described...
  83. ncbi Distinct roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA silencing pathways
    Young Sik Lee
    Department of Biochemistry, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
    Cell 117:69-81. 2004
    ..However, Dicer-1 but not Dicer-2 is essential for miRISC-directed translation repression. Thus, siRISCs and miRISCs are different with respect to Dicers in Drosophila...
  84. ncbi mRNA turnover meets RNA interference
    Dmitry Belostotsky
    Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
    Mol Cell 16:498-500. 2004
    ..By using two very different approaches, recent work by Gazzani et al. (2004) and Souret et al. (2004) reveal a fundamental link between mRNA degradation and RNA silencing pathways in Arabidopsis...
  85. ncbi Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs
    Franck Vazquez
    , UPRES-EA3569, IFR118, EPT1016, , , , 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
    Mol Cell 16:69-79. 2004
    ..The identification of this silencing pathway provides yet another dimension to posttranscriptional mRNA regulation in plants...
  86. ncbi A two-hit trigger for siRNA biogenesis in plants
    Michael J Axtell
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
    Cell 127:565-77. 2006
    ..Therefore, two "hits,"--often, but not always, two cleavage events--constitute a conserved trigger for siRNA biogenesis, a finding with implications for recognition and silencing of aberrant RNA...
  87. ncbi Probing the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways with virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing
    Patrice Dunoyer
    , 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
    Plant Cell 16:1235-50. 2004
    In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are effectors of RNA silencing, a process involved in defense through RNA interference (RNAi) and in development...
  88. ncbi Small RNAs: the genome's guiding hand?
    Carina Dennis
    Nature 420:732. 2002
  89. ncbi siRNAs can function as miRNAs
    John G Doench
    Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    Genes Dev 17:438-42. 2003
    ..partially complementary binding sites in its 3' UTR, much like the demonstrated function of endogenously encoded microRNAs (miRNAs)...
  90. ncbi Evidence for nuclear processing of plant micro RNA and short interfering RNA precursors
    Istvan Papp
    Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11, A 5020 Salzburg, Austria
    Plant Physiol 132:1382-90. 2003
    ..The results are consistent with a model in which dsRNA precursors of miRNAs and at least some 21- to 22-nt siRNAs are processed in the nucleus, the former by nuclear DCL1 and the latter by an unknown nuclear DCL...
  91. ncbi Sequence-specific interference by small RNAs derived from adenovirus VAI RNA
    Masayuki Sano
    Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan
    FEBS Lett 580:1553-64. 2006
    ..mapping and further confirmed that the processed small RNA can act as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or as microRNAs (miRNAs) in transient transfection assays and during viral infection...
  92. ncbi A biochemical framework for RNA silencing in plants
    Guiliang Tang
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
    Genes Dev 17:49-63. 2003
    ..Thus, endonuclease complexes guided by small RNAs are a common feature of RNA silencing in both animals and plants...
  93. ncbi A novel method to detect functional microRNA targets
    Sergei Vatolin
    Brain Tumor Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
    J Mol Biol 358:983-96. 2006
    ....
  94. ncbi MicroRNA-targeted and small interfering RNA-mediated mRNA degradation is regulated by argonaute, dicer, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Arabidopsis
    Michael Ronemus
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
    Plant Cell 18:1559-74. 2006
    ..These results indicate that a subset of endogenous mRNA targets of RNA interference may be regulated through a mechanism of second-strand RNA synthesis and degradation initiated by or in addition to miRNA-mediated cleavage...
  95. ncbi Plant science. Viruses face a double defense by plant small RNAs
    Peter M Waterhouse
    CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
    Science 313:54-5. 2006
  96. ncbi Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing
    Richard I Gregory
    The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    Cell 123:631-40. 2005
    ..Importantly, ATP is not required for miRNA processing, RISC assembly, or multiple rounds of target-RNA cleavage. These results define the composition of RISC and demonstrate that miRNA processing and target-RNA cleavage are coupled...
  97. ncbi High impact
    Aleel K Grennan
    University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA
    Plant Physiol 139:563-5. 2005
  98. ncbi Breakthrough of the year. Small RNAs make big splash
    Jennifer Couzin
    Science 298:2296-7. 2002
  99. ncbi Small RNA asymmetry in RNAi: function in RISC assembly and gene regulation
    Gyorgy Hutvagner
    University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
    FEBS Lett 579:5850-7. 2005
    ..Here, I review the rules of the asymmetric RISC formation and discuss their possible regulatory function in several steps in RNAi...
  100. ncbi Approaches for chemically synthesized siRNA and vector-mediated RNAi
    Mohammed Amarzguioui
    Division of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3011, USA
    FEBS Lett 579:5974-81. 2005
    ....
  101. ncbi Viral virulence protein suppresses RNA silencing-mediated defense but upregulates the role of microrna in host gene expression
    Jun Chen
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609
    Plant Cell 16:1302-13. 2004
    Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are processed by the ribonuclease Dicer from distinct precursors, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and hairpin RNAs, respectively, although either may guide RNA silencing via a similar ..

Research Grants100

  1. Micro RNA Expression and Cancer
    Thomas Schmittgen; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Assays developed with this research may help to identify the function of a new class of genes in humans. ..
  2. microRNA Uncoupling of Protein and Transcript Expression in Liver Regeneration
    Clifford Steer; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..b>MicroRNAs are recently discovered ~ 22 nt non-coding RNAs that are known to be critical effectors of gene regulation via ..
  3. ROLE OF MINERALOCORTICOIDS IN HYPERTENSION
    Celso Gomez Sanchez; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..b>MicroRNAs are a class of regulators of gene expression that have recently been found to be crucial for pancreatic islet ..
  4. Role of noncoding RNAs in schizophrenia
    Claes Wahlestedt; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..The goals of this proposal are threefold: First, we will investigate expression patterns of brain-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in NMDA-R- related animal models of schizophrenia...
  5. Role of miRNAs in Vascular Physiology
    Akiko Hata; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..MiR-21 belongs to a family of short, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) called microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner, causing translational ..
  6. Role of Brain-Specific microRNAs in Suppression of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation
    Eugene D Ponomarev; Fiscal Year: 2010
    b>MicroRNAs are a growing family of conserved molecules involved in normal biological processes including cell growth and differentiation and pathological conditions such as cancer...
  7. ROLE OF MINERALOCORTICOIDS IN HYPERTENSION
    CELSO ENRIQUE GOMEZ SANCHEZ; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..b>MicroRNAs are a class of regulators of gene expression that have recently been found to be crucial for pancreatic islet ..
  8. microRNA Uncoupling of Protein and Transcript Expression in Liver Regeneration
    CLIFFORD JOHN STEER; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..b>MicroRNAs are recently discovered ~ 22 nt non-coding RNAs that are known to be critical effectors of gene regulation via ..
  9. Role of noncoding RNAs in schizophrenia
    CLAES ROBERT contact WAHLESTEDT; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..The goals of this proposal are threefold: First, we will investigate expression patterns of brain-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in NMDA-R- related animal models of schizophrenia...
  10. MicroRNAs and chromosome 22q in the colon
    Anil K Rustgi; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..We now have discovered a new telomeric region of LOH, which harbors two microRNAs, namely Let-7a3 and Let-7b, and these microRNAs are downregulated in up to 40% of colorectal cancers...
  11. MicroRNAs and chromosome 22q in the colon
    Anil Rustgi; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We now have discovered a new telomeric region of LOH, which harbors two microRNAs, namely Let-7a3 and Let-7b, and these microRNAs are downregulated in up to 40% of colorectal cancers...
  12. MIcroRNA: A Novel Genetic Modifier for Breast Cancer Predisposition
    Hua Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the last decade, and the realization of their growing importance in carcinogenesis and cancer prognosis through regulation of transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), has led ..
  13. Suppression of MMP-13 Expression in Arthritis by Pomegranate
    Tariq M Haqqi; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Currently the only effective treatment is surgical joint replacement. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression by sequence specific inhibition of target mRNA ..
  14. THE THERAPY OF AML
    Michael Andreeff; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The new program has two major additions: Dr. C. Croce and his group has joined us in studying the role of microRNAs in AML and already identified miR's that target Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and KIT and Drs. G. Mills and S...
  15. Understanding microRNA Biogenesis and Function
    Phillip Zamore; Fiscal Year: 2009
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), ~22 nt long, single-stranded RNAs, guide protein complexes to block expression of mRNAs to which they bind by base pairing. The first microRNA was discovered in 1993; the second, in 2000...
  16. Understanding microRNA Biogenesis and Function
    Phillip D Zamore; Fiscal Year: 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), ~22 nt long, single-stranded RNAs, guide protein complexes to block expression of mRNAs to which they bind by base pairing. The first microRNA was discovered in 1993;the second, in 2000...
  17. Genomic targets of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors
    Kevin Struhl; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..e. the ordered series of steps involving transcription factors, direct target genes, microRNAs, and microRNA targets) by which an inflammatory signal leads to cellular transformation...
  18. Understanding microRNA Biogenesis and Function
    Phillip Zamore; Fiscal Year: 2007
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), ~22 nt long, single-stranded RNAs, guide protein complexes to block expression of mRNAs to which they bind by base pairing. The first microRNA was discovered in 1993; the second, in 2000...
  19. Understanding microRNA Biogenesis and Function
    Phillip Zamore; Fiscal Year: 2007
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), ~22 nt long, single-stranded RNAs, guide protein complexes to block expression of mRNAs to which they bind by base pairing. The first microRNA was discovered in 1993; the second, in 2000...
  20. Efficient Labeling of MicroRNA for Microarray Analysis
    Mary Anne Watt; Fiscal Year: 2007
    6. Project Summary/Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-coding RNAs, approximately 19-23 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression by binding to sequences within the 3' untranslated regions of specific target ..
  21. Role of "Local" MicroRNAs and CGG Repeat-Derived RNAs in Fragile X Syndrome
    SAMIE JAFFREY; Fiscal Year: 2009
    The objective of the proposed research is to identify roles for microRNAs and other small RNAs in the etiology of mental retardation and fragile X syndrome (FXS)...
  22. Role of "Local" MicroRNAs and CGG Repeat-Derived RNAs in Fragile X Syndrome
    Samie R Jaffrey; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The objective of the proposed research is to identify roles for microRNAs and other small RNAs in the etiology of mental retardation and fragile X syndrome (FXS)...
  23. Role of "Local" MicroRNAs and CGG Repeat-Derived RNAs in Fragile X Syndrome
    SAMIE JAFFREY; Fiscal Year: 2007
    The objective of the proposed research is to identify roles for microRNAs and other small RNAs in the etiology of mental retardation and fragile X syndrome (FXS)...
  24. MicroRNA regulation of human T and B cell activation
    Daniel R Salomon; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..One class of ncRNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs), discovered in 1993, that are believed to regulate almost 30% of all human genes...
  25. MicroRNAs and chromosome 22q in the colon
    Anil Rustgi; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We now have discovered a new telomeric region of LOH, which harbors two microRNAs, namely Let-7a3 and Let-7b, and these microRNAs are downregulated in up to 40% of colorectal cancers...
  26. microRNA expression profiling of benign breast tissue and breast cancer risk
    Thomas E Rohan; Fiscal Year: 2010
    b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by directing their target mRNAs for degradation and/or posttranscriptional repression...
  27. Nuclear Function of Abl in DNA Damage Response
    Jean Wang; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We have recently found that activation of Abl tyrosine kinase can regulate the expression of microRNAs. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that are between 18~25 nucleotides in length...
  28. Stress and proliferation states impact microRNA-mediated regulation in cancer
    PHILLIP SHARP; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Changes in the levels of microRNAs and effects of over-expression of microRNAs have already been related to human malignancy...
  29. Elucidating the functions of microRNA in skin development and skin stem cells
    Rui Yi; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..b>MicroRNAs are a family of non-coding small RNAs conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to human...
  30. Vestibulo-cerebellar contribution to spatial adaptation
    NEAL BARMACK; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..b>MicroRNAs regulate aspects of developmental plasticity and apoptosis...
  31. MicroRNAs in Human Ovarian Cancer
    Jin Q Cheng; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..b>MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small RNAs that are phylogenetically conserved and play important roles in the regulation ..
  32. MicroRNAs in Human Ovarian Cancer
    Jin Cheng; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..b>MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small RNAs that are phylogenetically conserved and play important roles in the regulation ..
  33. Regulation of miRNA in breast cancer
    Carolyn M Klinge; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally-occurring, small, non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in regulating the ..
  34. A Plasmid-Based miRNA Sensor Library for Use in Mice
    David Lewis; Fiscal Year: 2006
    Project Summary/Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, nuclear encoded, single-stranded RNAs involved in regulating gene expression...
  35. MicroRNA Cellular Functions and Target Identification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
    Elizabeth Mambo; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The recently discovered gene regulatory RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in various types of cancer including lung, breast and chronic lymphocytic leukemia ..
  36. Gene expression analysis of coding and non-coding RNAs in colon cancer prevention
    ROBERT CHAPKIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Unfortunately, to date, the effect of chemopreventive agents on microRNAs and their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets during different stages of colon cancer has not been determined...
  37. MicroRNA Gene Expression Mapping in Chicken Embryos
    PARKER ANTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..of this competing supplemental application is to map by whole mount in situ hybridization the expression of all microRNAs in the chicken embryo through day 8 of development, and to optimize technologies for detecting mRNAs in vivo ..
  38. Functions of Dicer, Drosha and miRNAs in the skin
    Sarah Millar; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..The recent discovery of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) revealed a previously unsuspected mechanism by which gene expression is controlled and refined...
  39. The Role of MicroRNAs in Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis
    Robert M Lavker; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The long term goal of this project is to understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) function in regulating the corneal and limbal epithelia...
  40. Functions of Dicer, Drosha and miRNAs in the skin
    Sarah Millar; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The recent discovery of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) revealed a previously unsuspected mechanism by which gene expression is controlled and refined...