glutamic acid

Summary

Summary: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Impaired glutamine metabolism in NMDA receptor hypofunction induced by MK801
    Eiliv Brenner
    Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
    J Neurochem 94:1594-603. 2005
  2. ncbi Extrasynaptic NMDARs oppose synaptic NMDARs by triggering CREB shut-off and cell death pathways
    G E Hardingham
    MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
    Nat Neurosci 5:405-14. 2002
  3. ncbi What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?
    Cendra Agulhon
    Department of Pharmacology, 1004 Mary Ellen Jones Building CB 7365, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7365, USA
    Neuron 59:932-46. 2008
  4. ncbi Neuroprotection by BDNF against glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death is mediated by ERK and PI3-kinase pathways
    R D Almeida
    Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
    Cell Death Differ 12:1329-43. 2005
  5. ncbi The PtdIns(3,4)P(2) phosphatase INPP4A is a suppressor of excitotoxic neuronal death
    Junko Sasaki
    Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010 8543, Japan
    Nature 465:497-501. 2010
  6. ncbi Astrocytes impose postburst depression of release probability at hippocampal glutamate synapses
    My Andersson
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
    J Neurosci 30:5776-80. 2010
  7. ncbi Adult generation of glutamatergic olfactory bulb interneurons
    Monika S Brill
    Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
    Nat Neurosci 12:1524-33. 2009
  8. ncbi Zinc at glutamatergic synapses
    P Paoletti
    Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, CNRS UMR 8544, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
    Neuroscience 158:126-36. 2009
  9. ncbi Neuritic beading induced by activated microglia is an early feature of neuronal dysfunction toward neuronal death by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and axonal transport
    Hideyuki Takeuchi
    Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo cho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464 8601, Japan
    J Biol Chem 280:10444-54. 2005
  10. ncbi Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion and can operate as a ROS scavenger and as a respiratory substrate in cerebellar neurons undergoing excitotoxic death
    A Atlante
    Centro di Studio sui Mitocondri e Metabolismo Energetico, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via G Amendola, 165 A 70126 Bari, Istituto di Neurobiologia, CNR, Viale K Marx, 15 00137 Roma, Italy
    J Biol Chem 275:37159-66. 2000

Research Grants

  1. Pacific-Southwest Ctr for Biodefense & Emerg Infect Dis*
    Alan Barbour; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. Treatment of SLE with N-acetylcysteine
    Andras Perl; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. VIRULENCE GENE EXPRESSION BY BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
    THERESA KOEHLER; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. ISLET CELL MEMBRANE ANTIBODIES IN DIABETES
    Ake Lernmark; Fiscal Year: 1992
  5. Prevention of Type I Diabetes Mellitus using a Cell Vac*
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
  6. A tri-antigen nasal anthrax vaccine against toxins and vegetative bacilli
    Zhengrong Cui; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. CELLULAR AND NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF REM SLEEP
    Subimal Datta; Fiscal Year: 2002
  8. Defining the Beryllium Antigen Complex in Berylliosis
    Lee Newman; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. L-amino and acid taste in mice.
    Eugene Delay; Fiscal Year: 2005
  10. Structure and Function of NMDA Receptors
    Hiroyasu Furukawa; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications265 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Impaired glutamine metabolism in NMDA receptor hypofunction induced by MK801
    Eiliv Brenner
    Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
    J Neurochem 94:1594-603. 2005
    ..The results point towards a disturbance in glutamate-glutamine cycling and thus interaction between neurons and glia, since labeling of glutamate and glutamine from glucose was affected differently...
  2. ncbi Extrasynaptic NMDARs oppose synaptic NMDARs by triggering CREB shut-off and cell death pathways
    G E Hardingham
    MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
    Nat Neurosci 5:405-14. 2002
    ..Specific blockade of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may effectively prevent neuron loss following stroke and other neuropathological conditions associated with glutamate toxicity...
  3. ncbi What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?
    Cendra Agulhon
    Department of Pharmacology, 1004 Mary Ellen Jones Building CB 7365, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7365, USA
    Neuron 59:932-46. 2008
    ....
  4. ncbi Neuroprotection by BDNF against glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death is mediated by ERK and PI3-kinase pathways
    R D Almeida
    Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
    Cell Death Differ 12:1329-43. 2005
    ..The results indicate that the protective effect of BDNF in hippocampal neurons against glutamate toxicity is mediated by the PI3-K and the Ras/MAPK signaling pathways, and involves a long-term change in protein synthesis...
  5. ncbi The PtdIns(3,4)P(2) phosphatase INPP4A is a suppressor of excitotoxic neuronal death
    Junko Sasaki
    Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010 8543, Japan
    Nature 465:497-501. 2010
    ..The discovery of a direct link between PtdIns(3,4)P(2) metabolism and the regulation of neurodegeneration and involuntary movements may aid the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders...
  6. ncbi Astrocytes impose postburst depression of release probability at hippocampal glutamate synapses
    My Andersson
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
    J Neurosci 30:5776-80. 2010
    ..Our results suggest that astrocytes are actively involved in short-term synaptic depression, shaping synaptic activity during behaviorally relevant neural activity...
  7. ncbi Adult generation of glutamatergic olfactory bulb interneurons
    Monika S Brill
    Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
    Nat Neurosci 12:1524-33. 2009
    ..Taken together, our data indicate that SEZ progenitors not only produce a population of adult-born glutamatergic juxtaglomerular neurons, but may also provide a previously unknown source of progenitors for endogenous repair...
  8. ncbi Zinc at glutamatergic synapses
    P Paoletti
    Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, CNRS UMR 8544, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
    Neuroscience 158:126-36. 2009
    ..Finally, we present and compare two widely used zinc chelators, CaEDTA and tricine, and show why tricine should be preferred to CaEDTA when studying fast transient zinc elevations as may occur during synaptic activity...
  9. ncbi Neuritic beading induced by activated microglia is an early feature of neuronal dysfunction toward neuronal death by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and axonal transport
    Hideyuki Takeuchi
    Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo cho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464 8601, Japan
    J Biol Chem 280:10444-54. 2005
    ..Blockage of NMDA receptors may be an effective therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases...
  10. ncbi Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion and can operate as a ROS scavenger and as a respiratory substrate in cerebellar neurons undergoing excitotoxic death
    A Atlante
    Centro di Studio sui Mitocondri e Metabolismo Energetico, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via G Amendola, 165 A 70126 Bari, Istituto di Neurobiologia, CNR, Viale K Marx, 15 00137 Roma, Italy
    J Biol Chem 275:37159-66. 2000
    ..In the light of these findings, we propose that in the early phase of neurotoxicity, cytochrome c release can be part of a cellular and mitochondrial defense mechanism against oxidative stress...
  11. ncbi The expression of vesicular glutamate transporters defines two classes of excitatory synapse
    R T Fremeau
    Department of Neurology, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Neuron 31:247-60. 2001
    ..Like VGLUT1, this protein localizes to synaptic vesicles and functions as a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2). The complementary expression of VGLUT1 and 2 defines two distinct classes of excitatory synapse...
  12. ncbi Glutamate uptake
    N C Danbolt
    Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1105, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
    Prog Neurobiol 65:1-105. 2001
    ..g. osteoporosis) can be properly understood unless more is learned about these transporter proteins. Like glutamate itself, glutamate transporters are somehow involved in almost all aspects of normal and abnormal brain activity...
  13. ncbi Genetic dissection of behavioural and autonomic effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice
    Krisztina Monory
    Department of Physiological Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
    PLoS Biol 5:e269. 2007
    ....
  14. ncbi Neurobiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain
    M V Johnston
    Division of Neurology and Developmental Medicine and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Pediatr Res 49:735-41. 2001
    ..The cascade of biochemical and histopathologic events triggered by hypoxic ischemia can extend for days to weeks after the insult is triggered, creating the potential for therapeutic interventions...
  15. ncbi Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures
    J C Jen
    Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
    Neurology 65:529-34. 2005
    ..Mutant gene products of both CACNA1A and ATP1A2 may affect neurotransmission of glutamate, the most abundant excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter...
  16. ncbi The identification of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 suggests novel modes of signaling by glutamate
    Robert T Fremeau
    Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:14488-93. 2002
    ..The dendritic expression of VGLUT3 by particular neurons also indicates the potential for retrograde synaptic signaling. The distribution and subcellular location of VGLUT3 thus suggest novel modes of signaling by glutamate...
  17. ncbi Increase in muscle nociceptive substances and anaerobic metabolism in patients with trapezius myalgia: microdialysis in rest and during exercise
    Lars Rosendal
    National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Pain 112:324-34. 2004
    ..In addition, TM was associated with increased anaerobic metabolism, whereas a normal rise in blood flow was seen with exercise. These findings indicate that peripheral nociceptive processes are active in work-related TM...
  18. ncbi NMDA receptor antagonist effects, cortical glutamatergic function, and schizophrenia: toward a paradigm shift in medication development
    John H Krystal
    Schizophrenia Biological Research Center 116 A, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169:215-33. 2003
    ..The purpose of this review is to consider the possibility that agents that attenuate these two components of NMDA receptor antagonist response may play complementary roles in the treatment of schizophrenia...
  19. ncbi Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory mechanisms
    Therese M Jay
    Neurobiologie de l Apprentissage, de la Memoire et de la Communication, CNRS UMR 8620, Universite Paris Sud, Bat 446, 91405 Orsay, France
    Prog Neurobiol 69:375-90. 2003
    ....
  20. ncbi The role of excitotoxicity in secondary mechanisms of spinal cord injury: a review with an emphasis on the implications for white matter degeneration
    Eugene Park
    Division of Neurosurgery and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, and Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
    J Neurotrauma 21:754-74. 2004
    ..The latter mechanism appears key to glutamatergic white matter degeneration after SCI and may represent an attractive therapeutic target...
  21. ncbi Glutamatergic signaling by mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens
    Fatuel Tecuapetla
    Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
    J Neurosci 30:7105-10. 2010
    ..These observations indicate that, in addition to DAergic mechanisms, mesolimbic reward signaling may involve glutamatergic transmission...
  22. ncbi SNAP-25 modulation of calcium dynamics underlies differences in GABAergic and glutamatergic responsiveness to depolarization
    Claudia Verderio
    Department of Medical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy
    Neuron 41:599-610. 2004
    ..SNAP-25 is therefore a multifunctional protein that participates in exocytotic function both at the mechanistic and at the regulatory level...
  23. ncbi Metabolic control of vesicular glutamate transport and release
    Narinobu Juge
    Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
    Neuron 68:99-112. 2010
    ..The results indicate an unsuspected link between metabolic state and excitatory neurotransmission through anion-dependent regulation of VGLUT activity...
  24. ncbi VGLUT2-dependent glutamate release from nociceptors is required to sense pain and suppress itch
    Yang Liu
    Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Neuron 68:543-56. 2010
    ..Our studies suggest that synaptic glutamate release from a group of peripheral nociceptors is required to sense pain and suppress itch. Elimination of VGLUT2 in these nociceptors creates a mouse model of chronic neurogenic itch...
  25. ncbi Cocaine and amphetamine-like psychostimulants: neurocircuitry and glutamate neuroplasticity
    Peter W Kalivas
    Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
    Dialogues Clin Neurosci 9:389-97. 2007
    ....
  26. ncbi How do tonic glutamatergic synapses evade receptor desensitization?
    Ji Jie Pang
    Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NC 205, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    J Physiol 586:2889-902. 2008
    ..Our study illustrates for the first time how a tonic glutamatergic synapse avoids postsynaptic receptor desensitization, a strategy that may be shared by many other synapses in the nervous system that need extended operation capacity...
  27. ncbi Free glutamine and glutamic acid increase in human milk through a three-month lactation period
    C Agostoni
    Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 31:508-12. 2000
    Previous short observational studies on the free amino acid (FAA) content of human milk have shown that glutamine and glutamic acid increase in the first 4 to 6 weeks of life.
  28. ncbi In developing hippocampal neurons, NR2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can mediate signaling to neuronal survival and synaptic potentiation, as well as neuronal death
    M A Martel
    Centre for Neuroscience Research, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
    Neuroscience 158:334-43. 2009
    ..In this instance, subunit differences cannot account for the dichotomous nature of NMDA receptor signaling...
  29. ncbi Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by an inorganic phosphate transporter
    E E Bellocchio
    Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 0435, USA
    Science 289:957-60. 2000
    ..In addition, we show that this vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1, exhibits a conductance for chloride that is blocked by glutamate...
  30. ncbi Association of an EAAT2 polymorphism with higher glutamate concentration in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    Olatz Pampliega
    Neurotek UPV EHU, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Zamudio Bizkaia, Spain
    J Neuroimmunol 195:194-8. 2008
    ..These findings suggest that glutamate homeostasis is compromised in MS and that carrying this mutation may contribute to this alteration in relapsing MS...
  31. ncbi Glutamate induces directed chemotaxis of microglia
    Guo Jun Liu
    The Neurobiology Laboratory, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
    Eur J Neurosci 29:1108-18. 2009
    ..Thus glutamate, which is released at synapses as well as from damaged cells, can mediate rapid chemotaxic responses from microglial cells...
  32. ncbi Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain
    Richard E Harris
    University of Michigan, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
    Arthritis Rheum 60:3146-52. 2009
    ....
  33. ncbi Immunocytochemical analysis of photoreceptors in the tiger salamander retina
    Jian Zhang
    Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NC 205, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Vision Res 49:64-73. 2009
    ..The different photoreceptors selectively contacting bipolar and horizontal cells support the idea that visual signals may be conveyed to the inner retina by different functional pathways in the outer retina...
  34. ncbi TNF-alpha-mediates neuroprotection against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via NF-kappaB-dependent up-regulation of K2.2 channels
    Amalia M Dolga
    Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
    J Neurochem 107:1158-67. 2008
    ..We conclude that treatment of primary cortical neurons with TNF-alpha leads to increased K(Ca)2.2 channel expression which renders neurons more resistant to excitotoxic cell death...
  35. ncbi Sensorineural deafness and seizures in mice lacking vesicular glutamate transporter 3
    Rebecca P Seal
    Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Neuron 57:263-75. 2008
    ..The glutamate release conferred by expression of VGLUT3 thus has an essential role in both function and development of the auditory pathway, as well as in the control of cortical excitability...
  36. ncbi GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor antagonists prevent Abeta-mediated synaptic plasticity disruption in vivo
    Neng Wei Hu
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin 2, Ireland
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:20504-9. 2009
    ..These findings suggest that preferentially targeting GluN2B subunit-containing NMDARs may provide an effective means of preventing cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's disease...
  37. ncbi The potential role of glutamate transporters in the pathogenesis of normal tension glaucoma
    Takayuki Harada
    Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science and Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
    J Clin Invest 117:1763-70. 2007
    ..We believe these mice are the first animal models of NTG that offer a powerful system for investigating mechanisms of neurodegeneration in NTG and developing therapies directed at IOP-independent mechanisms of RGC loss...
  38. ncbi The vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 synergizes striatal acetylcholine tone
    Christelle Gras
    Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U513, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
    Nat Neurosci 11:292-300. 2008
    ..Our study reveals a previously unknown effect of glutamate on cholinergic synapses with potential functional and pharmacological implications...
  39. ncbi Glutamate-induced apoptosis in primary cortical neurons is inhibited by equine estrogens via down-regulation of caspase-3 and prevention of mitochondrial cytochrome c release
    YueMei Zhang
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
    BMC Neurosci 6:13. 2005
    ....
  40. ncbi Presynaptic regulation of quantal size by the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT1
    Nathan R Wilson
    Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Center for Learning and Memory, and The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 4307, USA
    J Neurosci 25:6221-34. 2005
    ....
  41. ncbi Estimation of quantal parameters at the calyx of Held synapse
    Takeshi Sakaba
    Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D37077 Gottingen, Germany
    Neurosci Res 44:343-56. 2002
    ..These factors should always be taken into account for fully understanding the mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity...
  42. ncbi Glutamatergic mechanisms in different disease states: overview and therapeutical implications -- an introduction
    T M Tzschentke
    Grunenthal GmbH, Research and Development, Department of Pharmacology, Aachen, Germany
    Amino Acids 23:147-52. 2002
    ..Preclinical findings and the first clinical results are encouraging, and it may be that such subunit-selective compounds may have a sufficiently wide therapeutic window to be safe for human use...
  43. ncbi Molecular dynamics simulations of the ligand-binding domain of the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluR2
    Yalini Arinaminpathy
    Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
    Biophys J 82:676-83. 2002
    ..This new conformation results in an altered pattern of hydrogen bonding at the agonist-binding site...
  44. ncbi Glutamate regulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation in neostriatal neurons involves activation of multiple signaling cascades
    Akinori Nishi
    Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:1199-204. 2005
    ....
  45. ncbi Activation of peripheral NMDA receptors contributes to human pain and rat afferent discharges evoked by injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle
    Brian E Cairns
    Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School Children s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    J Neurophysiol 90:2098-105. 2003
    ..It is conceivable that activation of peripheral NMDA receptors may contribute to masticatory muscle pain and that peripherally acting NMDA receptor antagonists could prove to be effective analgesics for this type of pain...
  46. ncbi The role of perisynaptic glial sheaths in glutamate spillover and extracellular Ca(2+) depletion
    D A Rusakov
    Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
    Biophys J 81:1947-59. 2001
    ..The results provide a quantitative guidance for interpretation of physiological experiments that address fast transients of neurotransmitters and small ions in the brain tissue...
  47. ncbi Lipopolysaccharide increases microglial GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake capacity in vitro by a mechanism dependent on TNF-alpha
    Mikael Persson
    Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
    Glia 51:111-20. 2005
    ..This could suggest different physiological functions for microglial and astroglial glutamate uptake and might indicate a reciprocal control of GLT-1 expression between microglia and astrocytes...
  48. ncbi Inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by trans-resveratrol in rat hippocampus
    Zhao-Bing Gao
    State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
    Brain Res 1111:41-7. 2006
    ..The findings also support the future use of trans-resveratrol in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders...
  49. ncbi Mesolimbic dopamine in desire and dread: enabling motivation to be generated by localized glutamate disruptions in nucleus accumbens
    Alexis Faure
    Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 1109, USA
    J Neurosci 28:7184-92. 2008
    ..Thus, dopamine interacts with localization of valence-biased glutamate circuits in medial shell to facilitate keyboard stimulation of both appetitive and fearful motivations...
  50. ncbi Hypoxia suppresses glutamate transport in astrocytes
    Mark Dallas
    School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
    J Neurosci 27:3946-55. 2007
    ..Suppression of glutamate uptake via this mechanism may be an important contributory factor in hypoxic/ischemic triggered glutamate excitotoxicity...
  51. ncbi Potentiation of TRPC5 by protons
    Marcus Semtner
    Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps Universitat Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
    J Biol Chem 282:33868-78. 2007
    ....
  52. ncbi Quantal variability at glutamatergic synapses in area CA1 of the rat neonatal hippocampus
    E Hanse
    Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Goteborg University, Sweden
    J Physiol 531:467-80. 2001
    ..The results are compatible with a quantal variability based, to a large extent, on non-saturated AMPA and NMDA responses fluctuating as a function of the amount of transmitter released from each vesicle...
  53. ncbi Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1
    K Tanaka
    Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan
    Science 276:1699-702. 1997
    ..These effects can be attributed to elevated levels of residual glutamate in the brains of these mice...
  54. ncbi Luminal amino acid sensing in the rat gastric mucosa
    Hisayuki Uneyama
    Physiology and Nutrition Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Co, Inc, 1 1 Suzuki cho, Kawasaki ku, Kawasaki 210 8681, Japan
    Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 291:G1163-70. 2006
    ..Assuming there is a universal coexistence of free glutamate with dietary protein, a glutamate-sensing system in the stomach could contribute to the gastric phase of protein digestion...
  55. ncbi NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons
    J Schiller
    Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion Medical School, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
    Nature 404:285-9. 2000
    ..In addition, NMDA spikes may serve as a powerful mechanism for modification of the cortical network by inducing long-term strengthening of co-activated neighbouring inputs...
  56. ncbi Distinct mechanisms underlie distinct polyphenol-induced neuroprotection
    Keiko Yazawa
    Department of Neuroscience for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
    FEBS Lett 580:6623-8. 2006
    ..Although Ca(2+) influx was not attenuated by CA, caspase-3 was reduced by direct inhibition of the enzyme. All polyphenols reduced glutamate-induced generation of ROS...
  57. ncbi Activation of CaMKII in single dendritic spines during long-term potentiation
    Seok Jin R Lee
    Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Nature 458:299-304. 2009
    ..The high degree of compartmentalization and channel specificity of CaMKII signalling allow stimuli-specific spatiotemporal patterns of CaMKII signalling and may be important for synapse-specificity of synaptic plasticity...
  58. ncbi Measurement of conformational changes accompanying desensitization in an ionotropic glutamate receptor
    Neali Armstrong
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
    Cell 127:85-97. 2006
    ..The rupture of the domain 1 interface allows the ion channel to close and thereby provides a simple explanation to the long-standing question of how agonist binding is decoupled from ion channel gating upon receptor desensitization...
  59. ncbi Cortical mechanisms of cocaine sensitization
    Jeffery D Steketee
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
    Crit Rev Neurobiol 17:69-86. 2005
    ..A model will be presented that may serve to direct future studies on the involvement of the mPFC in the development of cocaine sensitization, which ultimately could lead to development of pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction...
  60. ncbi The role of glutamate transporters in neurodegenerative diseases and potential opportunities for intervention
    Amanda L Sheldon
    Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 4318, United States
    Neurochem Int 51:333-55. 2007
    ....
  61. ncbi Cystine/glutamate exchange modulates glutathione supply for neuroprotection from oxidative stress and cell proliferation
    Andy Y Shih
    Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research and Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
    J Neurosci 26:10514-23. 2006
    ..Furthermore, xCT is critical for cell proliferation during development in vitro and possibly in vivo...
  62. ncbi Blockade of microglial glutamate release protects against ischemic brain injury
    Hideyuki Takeuchi
    Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
    Exp Neurol 214:144-6. 2008
    ..Thus, blockade of microglial glutamate release may be an effective therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration after ischemic injury...
  63. ncbi A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2)
    D N Furness
    Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffs, ST5 5BG, UK
    Neuroscience 157:80-94. 2008
    ..This and the relative amount of terminal versus glial uptake in the intact brain remain to be discovered...
  64. ncbi Septohippocampal properties of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced theta-band oscillation and synchrony
    Brian H Bland
    Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Group, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Synapse 61:185-97. 2007
    ....
  65. ncbi Post-synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate signalling in hippocampal neurons of rat: spillover increases the impact of each spike in a short burst discharge
    Sergei E Grebenyuk
    Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 4, Bogomoletz St, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine
    Neurosci Lett 361:60-3. 2004
    ..The phenomenon is most probably due to the spillover-mediated recruitment of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. In terms of post-synaptic signalling it dramatically increases the impact of each spike in a short burst discharge...
  66. ncbi GABAergic synapses in hippocampus exocytose aspartate on to NMDA receptors: quantitative immunogold evidence for co-transmission
    Vidar Gundersen
    Anatomical Institute and the Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, N 0317, Norway
    Mol Cell Neurosci 26:156-65. 2004
    ..Under pathological conditions, release of an excitatory transmitter at an inhibitory synapse could contribute to the development of, for example, epilepsy...
  67. ncbi AMPA and NMDA receptor regulation of firing activity in 5-HT neurons of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei
    S E Gartside
    Psychobiology Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
    Eur J Neurosci 25:3001-8. 2007
    ....
  68. ncbi Methamphetamine exposure antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
    Katherine J Smith
    University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, B363 Biomedical and Biological Sciences Building, Lexington, KY 40536 0509, USA
    Brain Res 1157:74-80. 2007
    ..These findings indicate that the pharmacological effects of short-term METH exposure involve inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal signaling, not reflective of direct channel inhibition at an MK-801-sensitive site...
  69. ncbi Electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry in the hippocampal ca1 and the dentate gyrus of rats chronically exposed to 1-bromopropane, a substitute for specific chlorofluorocarbons
    Y Fueta
    The First Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka 1 1, Yahatanishi ku, Kitakyushu 807 8555, Japan
    Neuroscience 124:593-603. 2004
    ..In conclusion, chronic inhalation of 1-bromopropane induces a disinhibition in the CA1 and dentate gyrus that is reversible following cessation of exposure...
  70. ncbi Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength
    Pascal Jourdain
    Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
    Nat Neurosci 10:331-9. 2007
    ..Thus, we provide the first combined functional and ultrastructural evidence for a physiological control of synaptic activity via exocytosis of glutamate from astrocytes...
  71. ncbi Toward dynamic isotopomer analysis in the rat brain in vivo: automatic quantitation of 13C NMR spectra using LCModel
    Pierre Gilles Henry
    Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    NMR Biomed 16:400-12. 2003
    ..The possibility of measuring in vivo a wealth of information that was hitherto accessible only in extracts is likely to expand the scope of metabolic studies in the intact brain...
  72. ncbi Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors presynaptically reduces both GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in the rat globus pallidus
    T Matsui
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Memphis, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
    Neuroscience 122:727-37. 2003
    ..L-AP4 failed to change iontophoretic glutamate induced responses. These results suggest that the subthalamo-pallidal glutamatergic input might homo- and hetero-synaptically control GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in the GP...
  73. ncbi Synaptogenesis and amino acid release from long term embryonic rat spinal cord neuronal culture using tissue culture inserts
    Martin Marsala
    Anesthesiology Research Laboratory 0818, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
    J Neurosci Methods 141:21-7. 2005
    ....
  74. ncbi AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated currents in developing dentate gyrus granule cells
    Gui-Lan Ye
    Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
    Brain Res Dev Brain Res 155:26-32. 2005
    ..Changes in the subunit composition that determines NMDA decay kinetics may occur beyond the early neonatal period...
  75. ncbi Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy-like immobilization is mediated by decreased 5-HT neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens due to the action of glutamate-containing neurons
    K Sano
    Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8 19 1, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814 0180, Japan
    Neuroscience 151:320-8. 2008
    ....
  76. ncbi Traumatic mechanical injury to the hippocampus in vitro causes regional caspase-3 and calpain activation that is influenced by NMDA receptor subunit composition
    Michael N DeRidder
    Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, Room 105E, Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Neurobiol Dis 22:165-76. 2006
    ....
  77. ncbi Suprachiasmatic nucleus communicates with anterior thalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons via rapid glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotransmission: state-dependent response patterns observed in vitro
    L Zhang
    Neurosciences, Ottawa Health Research Institute and University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Neuroscience 141:2059-66. 2006
    ....
  78. ncbi Spontaneous recurrent network activity in organotypic rat hippocampal slices
    Majid H Mohajerani
    Neuroscience Program, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy
    Eur J Neurosci 22:107-18. 2005
    ..This was in line with the transient bicuculline-induced block of GDPs and with the isoguvacine-induced increase of GDP frequency...
  79. ncbi Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits GABAergic transmission in the rat subfornical organ
    H S Lee
    Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Seodun-dong Kwonsun-ku, 441-744, Suwon, South Korea
    Neuroscience 102:401-11. 2001
    ..From these results we suggest that the glutamate-induced modulation of tonic GABAergic inhibitory synaptic activity can influence the excitability of subfornical organ neurons...
  80. ncbi Field potential recording in the ventral tegmental area: pharmacological and toxicological evaluations of postsynaptic dopaminergic neuron activity
    Yingjun Zheng
    Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
    Neurosci Res 55:426-33. 2006
    ..This result suggests that at least 50% of the observed transsynaptic component reflected the postsynaptic responses of the dopaminergic neurons...
  81. ncbi Synaptically-silent immature neurons show gaba and glutamate receptor-mediated currents in adult rat dentate gyrus
    P Ambrogini
    Istituto di Scienze Fisiologiche, Centro di Biotecnologie, Universita di Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
    Arch Ital Biol 144:115-26. 2006
    ..This condition is necessary, even if not sufficient, for these neurotransmitters to have a direct role in addressing cell survival...
  82. ncbi 3-Nitropropionic acid toxicity in hippocampus: protection through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism
    David A Karanian
    Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 3092, USA
    Hippocampus 16:834-42. 2006
    ..They also provide further evidence of memantine's therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases...
  83. ncbi A noncanonical release of GABA and glutamate modulates neuronal migration
    Jean Bernard Manent
    Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranee, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U29, Campus de Luminy BP13, 13273 Marseille, France
    J Neurosci 25:4755-65. 2005
    ..We conclude that GABA and, to a lesser degree, glutamate released in a SNARE-independent mechanism exert a paracrine action on neuronal migration...
  84. ncbi Reluctant vesicles contribute to the total readily releasable pool in glutamatergic hippocampal neurons
    Krista L Moulder
    Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
    J Neurosci 25:3842-50. 2005
    ..These data suggest that glutamatergic hippocampal neurons maintain a heterogeneous population of vesicles that can be differentially released with varying Ca2+ influx, thereby increasing the range of potential synaptic responses...
  85. ncbi Difference in time course of modulation of synaptic transmission by group II versus group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in region CA1 of the hippocampus
    Lisa M Giocomo
    Program in Neuroscience, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, MA 02214, USA
    Hippocampus 16:1004-16. 2006
    ..The difference in time course for group II vs. group III mGluRs suggests a different functional role, with group II playing a potential role in making synapses act as low pass filters...
  86. ncbi NMDA-mediated release of glutamate and GABA in the subthalamic nucleus is mediated by dopamine: an in vivo microdialysis study in rats
    Ben Ampe
    Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Neuropharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium
    J Neurochem 103:1063-74. 2007
    ..Our work points to a complex interaction between dopamine, glutamate and GABA with a crucial role for dopamine at the level of the STN...
  87. ncbi Periodic oscillatory activity in parahippocampal slices maintained in vitro
    T Kano
    Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Room 794, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 Canada
    Neuroscience 130:1041-53. 2005
    ....
  88. ncbi Inhibition of glutamatergic activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in hippocampal neurons by the intravenous anesthetic propofol
    Jonathan Kozinn
    Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
    Anesthesiology 105:1182-91. 2006
    ..These findings indicate a new avenue to explore a transcription-dependent mechanism that may underlie anesthetic interference with synaptic plasticity related to amnesic properties of intravenous anesthetics...
  89. ncbi NR2A and NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptors differentially regulate striatal output pathways
    Martina Fantin
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
    J Neurochem 103:2200-11. 2007
    ..We conclude that striatal NMDA receptors containing NR2A and NR2B subunits preferentially regulate the striato-pallidal and striato-nigral projection neurons, respectively...
  90. ncbi Glutamine-induced membrane currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    Sergej Kolbaev
    Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Eur J Neurosci 28:535-45. 2008
    ..Together, these data indicate that hippocampal neurons can be depolarized by electrogenic effects specific for L-glutamine...
  91. ncbi High-resolution iontophoresis for single-synapse stimulation
    Jonathan G Murnick
    Department of Biology, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Center for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    J Neurosci Methods 116:65-75. 2002
    ..The technique is also combined with computer-controlled manipulation to study the strength and plasticity of multiple synapses in real-time...
  92. ncbi Glutamate and NO mediation of the pressor response to 5-HT3 receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii
    Caroline Sévoz-Couche
    INSERM U 288, CHU Pitie Salpetriere, 91 blvd de l Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
    Neuroreport 13:837-41. 2002
    ..These data suggest that ionotropic glutamate receptors and the associated NO/cGMP transduction mechanism contribute downstream to the pressor effect elicited by 5-HT3 receptor stimulation in the NTS...
  93. ncbi Metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor-mediated modulation of the ventral striopallidal GABA pathway in rats. Interactions with adenosine A(2A) and dopamine D(2) receptors
    Zaida Diaz-Cabiale
    Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
    Neurosci Lett 324:154-8. 2002
    ..These results demonstrate that mGlu5R/A2AR/D2R interactions play an important modulatory role in the function of the ventral striopallidal GABA pathway, which might have implications for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction...
  94. ncbi The nicotinic allosteric potentiating ligand galantamine facilitates synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system
    Mariton D Santos
    Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
    Mol Pharmacol 61:1222-34. 2002
    ..In conclusion, the nicotinic APL action can be an important determinant of the therapeutic effectiveness of galantamine...
  95. ncbi NMDA and AMPA/kainate glutamatergic agonists increase the extracellular concentrations of GABA in the prefrontal cortex of the freely moving rat: modulation by endogenous dopamine
    Alberto Del Arco
    Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    Brain Res Bull 57:623-30. 2002
    ....
  96. ncbi Synaptic mechanisms underlie nicotine-induced excitability of brain reward areas
    Huibert D Mansvelder
    Department of Anesthesia, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
    Neuron 33:905-19. 2002
    ..These results suggest that spatial and temporal differences in nicotinic receptor activity on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in reward areas coordinate to reinforce nicotine self-administration...
  97. ncbi Epileptiform activity in the nucleus accumbens induced by GABA(A) receptor antagonists in rat forebrain slices is of cortical origin
    L E Buckby
    Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
    Exp Brain Res 141:146-52. 2001
    ....
  98. ncbi Selective blockade of type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptors induces neuroprotection by enhancing gabaergic transmission
    G Battaglia
    I.N.M. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
    Mol Cell Neurosci 17:1071-83. 2001
    ..The action of DHPG was antagonized by LY367385, but not by MPEP. Taken together, these results indicate that selective blockade of mGlu1 receptors produces neuroprotection by enhancing GABAergic transmission...
  99. ncbi Dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex during stress is reduced by the local activation of glutamate receptors
    A Del Arco
    Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
    Brain Res Bull 56:125-30. 2001
    ..These results show that the local activation of prefrontal glutamatergic ionotropic receptors reduces the stress-induced dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex of the rat...
  100. ncbi Alterations in nigral NMDA and GABAA receptor control of the striatal dopamine level after repetitive exposures to nitrogen narcosis
    Cécile Lavoute
    Université de la Méditerranée et Institut de Médecine Navale du Service de Santé des Armées, UPRES EA 3280, Physiopathologie et action thérapeutique des gaz sous pression, IFR Jean Roche, Faculte de Medecine Nord, 13015 Marseille, France
    Exp Neurol 212:63-70. 2008
    ..Thus, repetitive nitrogen exposure induced persistent changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic control of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in decreased activity of the nigrostriatal pathway...
  101. ncbi Effects of bilateral olfactory bulbectomy on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function: autoradiographic and behavioral studies in the rat
    M Robichaud
    McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, 1033 Pine Avenue West, , , Canada H3A 1A1
    Synapse 42:95-103. 2001
    ..These effects were drastically reduced in OBX as compared to sham-operated rats. These data are consistent with the above-mentioned decrease in cerebral binding of MK-801 to NMDA receptors...

Research Grants75

  1. Pacific-Southwest Ctr for Biodefense & Emerg Infect Dis*
    Alan Barbour; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The bacteremic phase is made possible by the presence of a capsular polypeptide of poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (PGA) that prevents phagocytosis of the bacterium...
  2. Treatment of SLE with N-acetylcysteine
    Andras Perl; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..form of L-cysteine, a rate-limiting factor in synthesis of glutathione (GSH), tripeptide made up of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine, which plays key roles in maintenance of a reducing intracellular environment, regulation of the ..
  3. VIRULENCE GENE EXPRESSION BY BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
    THERESA KOEHLER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Well-established virulence factors unique to this organism are the anthrax toxin proteins and a poly-D-glutamic acid capsule...
  4. ISLET CELL MEMBRANE ANTIBODIES IN DIABETES
    Ake Lernmark; Fiscal Year: 1992
    ..autoantigen detected by immunoprecipitation is a Mr 64,000 protein, identified as a hydrophobic isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)...
  5. Prevention of Type I Diabetes Mellitus using a Cell Vac*
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..on the induction of tolerance to either soluble islet antigens or putative autoantigens like insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase...
  6. A tri-antigen nasal anthrax vaccine against toxins and vegetative bacilli
    Zhengrong Cui; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..such as the lethal factor (LF), a protein that binds to PA to form anthrax lethal toxin, and the poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (PGA) capsule surrounding the vegetative anthrax bacilli, should also be included in an anthrax vaccine for ..
  7. CELLULAR AND NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF REM SLEEP
    Subimal Datta; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..abstract_text> ..
  8. Defining the Beryllium Antigen Complex in Berylliosis
    Lee Newman; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..gene expression and protein production, especially when beryllium-specific TCRs ligate HLA-DPB1 with a glutamic acid in amino acid position 69...
  9. L-amino and acid taste in mice.
    Eugene Delay; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..g., diabetics, cardiovascular disease, aged). ..
  10. Structure and Function of NMDA Receptors
    Hiroyasu Furukawa; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Defining the molecular structure of the extracellular region of NMDA receptors is expected to help in the design of new therapeutics. ..
  11. N-carbamylglutamate in the treatment of hyperammonemia
    Mendel Tuchman; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..If the results confirm our hypothesis, these patients can be treated with Carbaglu to keep their ammonia level at normal or close to normal levels, protecting them from brain damage. ..
  12. PGA antigenemia for early diagnosis of anthrax
    Thomas Kozel; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Bacillus anthracis is surrounded by an anti-phagocytic capsule that is composed of poly-y-D-glutamic acid (PGA), raising the possibility than immunoassay for PGA could be a means for early, specific, rapid and ..
  13. NHLBI MINORITY INSTITUTION RESEARCH SCIENTIST DEVELOPMEN
    MARIA DEL PILAR AGUINAGA; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Sickle cell disease is caused by the substitution of glutamic acid with valine at the position of amino acid six in the Beta- globin chain...
  14. REGULATION OF GABA BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE BRAIN
    Jang Yen Wu; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..The success of a large scale purification of recombinant human brain GAD65 and GAD67 and the availability of subtype specific antibodies for GAD65 and GAD67, ensure the high feasibility of this proposal. ..
  15. Bacillus anthracis cell surface carbohydrates
    Russell Carlson; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..anthracis cell wall carbohydrates. B. anthracis produces a capsule consisting of poly-g-glutamic acid, rather than a polysaccharide...
  16. Immune Tolerance Against Type I Diabetes in Mice
    Habib Zaghouani; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes specific for p cell-associated antigens such as insulin beta (INSbeta) chain or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) can confer disease into healthy animals suggesting that the immune system plays a ..