acidic amino acids

..This finding may explain why the sequential action of cyclin-dependent and Cdc7 kinases is essential for the initiation of DNA replication...

The acidic amino acids (Asp, Glu) and their amides (Asn, Gln) support rapid growth of a variety of Pseudomonas strains when provided as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. All key enzymes of glutamate metabolism were detected in P...

..of eight such chymases have been determined, and four of these were shown to have a strong preference for acidic amino acids at position P2'. These enzymes have basic amino acids in positions 143 and 192 (Arg and Lys, respectively)...

..2001). Here, we test the hypothesis that the formal charge of acidic amino acids underlies the higher fractional Ca2+ currents (Pf%) of the rat and human P2X1 and P2X4 subtypes...

..Excluded regions comprise calcium binding loops and loops connecting the EF-hand motifs...

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..Thus, we concluded that the universal genetic code originated not from a three-amino acid system but from a four-amino acid system, the GNC code encoding [GADV]-proteins, as the most primitive genetic code...

..In addition, both pVIc and DNA may independently alter the active site conformation as well as drive it cooperatively to fully activate AVP...

..These results support the notion that surface-associated NRP could mediate attachment of CaOx to the renal tubule epithelium, thereby causing retention of crystals that might eventually become kidney stones...

..These findings correlate the potency of a ribonuclease with its deliverance of ribonucleolytic activity to the cytosol, and indicate a rational means to enhance the efficacy of ribonucleases and other cytotoxic proteins...

..However, there is considerable scatter in the data despite the structural similarities among the proteins, which is discussed in the framework of using such simple models in predicting properties of novel proteins...

..Our analysis also identifies key structural differences between these proteins that may account for the differences in biochemical activities and cellular roles of these proteins...

..Whole cell assays indicate that peptide 20 can penetrate the cell membranes and inhibit the association of Grb2 with p185(erbB2) in erbB2-overexpressing MDA-MA-453 cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations...

..Our results demonstrate that the acidic sequence is critical in maintaining proper conformation of the cytosolic domain, calmodulin binding, and in maintenance of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity...

..Rather, a network of interactions formed by residues Lys-46, Asp-128, Asp-135, Asp-266, and possibly others appears to link agonist binding to channel gating...

..The geometrical relationship between interacting residues provides valuable insights into the process of protein folding and would be useful for the design of protein molecules and modulation of their binding properties...

..This supports the possibility that there is a charge-charge interaction between this residue and the amino terminus of secretin that is critical to its normal docking...

..Its structure suggests a different DNA-binding mode than those of the histone-like proteins HU or HMGB. Thus, MC1 may be classified as a member of a new family...

..Thus, our results suggest a possible association of non-binding of HSP70 to HLA-DR molecules or its 70-74 fragments and protection from RA...

..We propose that hERG1 activation involves a cooperative conformational change involving the entire voltage sensing module, while inactivation may involve a more limited interaction between R531 and D456, D460 and D509...

..Furthermore, we have identified at the molecular level the presence of a mutation M/V on position 577 of natural CGB. All together these data reflect the complex structure of this protein marker of the neuroendocrine system...

..This is the first example of metal-dependent function of a DNA methyltransferase. These findings provide impetus for exploring the role(s) of metal ions in the structure and function of DNA methyltransferases...

..These results show that the parasite uses the same components of its cellular machinery for invasion regardless of the host cell type and invasive form...

..Overall, these results suggest that an innate structural mechanism may operate to control non-specific association of membrane-embedded polar residues...

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..Removing the ring of charge converts BK channels to inwardly rectifying channels. Thus, a simple electrostatic mechanism contributes to the large conductance of BK channels...

..The results of NMR studies and protein-docking simulations indicate that parsley PCu and its spinach analogue adopt different orientations in their complexes with cyt f...

..These findings suggest that the human and mouse AhR may display differential recruitment of coactivators and hence may exhibit divergent regulation of target genes...

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..Their incorporation led to 12 novel ESR optionally labeling PAK, RGDS, RGDV, and ECG. A series of NO related chemical tests, the in vitro and in vivo assays of these peptides confirmed that this strategy was practical...

..These data suggest that despite some similarity between the death domains of TR3 and TNFR1 the nature of the interaction with TRADD differs from that reported for TNFR1...

..This suggests that mild and slow destabilization is the reason of the conversion of V(L) to partially folded amyloidogenic intermediate structure...

..The E sq/hq difference can be best explained by the lower compensation of the side chain influence by the backbone influence in the D. vulgaris flavodoxin than in the C. beijerinckii flavodoxin...

..Thus anionic lipids, working via surface-localized pH effects, can promote membrane binding by modifying protein charge and hydrophobicity, and this novel mechanism contributes to the membrane selectivity of CT in vivo...

..Tau, which shares a homologous C-terminal domain with MAP2, possesses no such activity...

..The interaction patterns we observe provide a new tool for interpreting the impact of mutations on the complex...

..Thus, hydroxyls are better hydrogen bond donors than acceptors. Buried ionized residues are more likely to be conserved than those on the surface. There are 3.95 residues buried per 100 residues in an average protein...

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..The data support the view that all IP3R isoforms may display a range of Ca2+ sensitivities that are determined by multiple sites within the protein and markedly influenced by the affinity of the receptor for IP3...

..It is also pointed out that the prevalence of basic residues on the short helices of the histone cores also provides regions of charge that would complement histone binding to the chaperone...

..The present study has general implications for understanding the nature of active site amino acids in enzymes, such as DNA repair enzymes, that catalyze reactions involving anionic nucleobase intermediates...

..Thus, the final steps in the budding process may include CHMP protein polymerization and lattice formation on membranes by employing different bilayer-recognizing surfaces, a function shared by all CHMP family members...

..Further analysis of the binding interface of cpSRP by mutagenesis studies and a pepscan approach demonstrates that the C-terminal alpha-helix of CD2 facilitates binding to cpSRP54...

..The fluorescence quenching was very weak in D57A, suggesting a strong contribution of this residue to the oligosaccharide binding...

..This explains, at least in part, why PAPP-A2 lacks the ability of cell surface adhesion, and further emphasizes the role of the basic clusters defined in PAPP-A...

..As an example, three complexes of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are analyzed with our system and these results are compared with the experimental free energies of binding...

..Thus, pH sensing in TASK2 channels is conferred by the combined action of several charged residues in the large extracellular M1-P1 loop...

..Amino acids with phenolic groups present higher inhibition than basic, acidic or neutral amino acids. The calculated antioxidant activities by the CL method are compared with those of the N,N-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method...

..The results presented in this paper provide detailed knowledge on the external parameters leading to aggregation of alpha-La at acidic pH, thus permitting rational design of the aggregation process...

..The enthalpy change indicates that the interaction between the E and K residues in the middle of the helices is a weak neutral hydrogen bond. The EKK interaction is significantly stronger...

..In this paper, details of recent progress in our understanding of the metabolism of arginine and the other major amino acids glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, and asparagine in pine, a conifer model tree, are presented and discussed...

..On the basis of these results, a working model for Piv-mediated inversion that includes resolution of a Holliday junction is presented...

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..These results attest to the physiological importance of Dph3 in development. The biological roles of Dph3 are also discussed...

..Our data suggest that the di-acidic motif, EDE, in human TASK-3 is a major determinant of the rate of ER export and is required for efficient surface expression of the channel...

Amides and acidic amino acids represent the major long distance transport forms of organic nitrogen. Six amino acid permeases (AAPs) from Arabidopsis mediating transport of a wide spectrum of amino acids were isolated...

..2-fold increase in the Vmax and a 1.4-fold increase in the apparent Km. Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by casein kinase II in intact cells may therefore modulate its phosphorylation in response to increased levels of cAMP...

..neutral amino acids with branched or aromatic side chains and did not accept basic amino acids or acidic amino acids. The transport via LAT1 was Na+-independent and sensitive to a system L-specific inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,..

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..ferredoxins except for an insertion of 30 amino acids near its N-terminus which is extremely rich in acidic amino acids. Unfolding studies reveal that HsFdx has an unfolding temperature of approximately 85 degrees C in 4...

..The amino acid composition of the LSA revealed that the acidic amino acids out-number the basic amino acids, with glutamic acid being the most abundant of them...

..It is concluded that Lys-346 and Lys-353 in B. anthracis adenylyl cyclase may interact directly with ATP and contribute to the binding of the nucleotide to the enzyme...

..amino acid sequence of the Mycoplasma Enzyme I shows that it differs from other Enzymes I by having fewer acidic amino acids and more basic, amidated, and aromatic amino acids...

..All residues (with the exception of the K43E substitution) found to be critical for the analyzed PLC-delta1 functions are present at the surface of the PH domain shown to contain the Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding pocket...

..The mutant strain M 71 expressing the truncated copy of cytochrome c(1) (devoid of a stretch of 150 mainly acidic amino acids) was less sensitive to increasing concentration of cytochrome c and changes in ionic strength of the medium, ..

..sites (Thr332, Ser335, Thr336, and Ser338) were substituted with either neutral [alanine (A)] or acidic amino acids [glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D)], the former to prevent phosphorylation and the latter to reproduce ..

..However, in contrast to other enzymes in this class, in which acidic amino acids have been shown to be essential for glycosyl and phosphodiester bond scission, the catalytically essential ..

..The cytochrome c(1) of the WT samples possessed an additional stretch of acidic amino acids, which was lacking in the mutant...

..tandem repeats of 29 residues, each consisting of a histidine-rich sequence HRHRGH, a stretch of 10-11 acidic amino acids, and a sequence containing 2 serines and a threonine in a negatively charged context; 3) a 13-residue ..

..located in the loop L3 tip that disturbs the functionally important cluster of the acidic amino acids in the constriction site. Comparative analysis of structural organization of YPS and E...

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..proteins were sorted to the plasma membrane and expressed the Na(+)-independent transport activity for acidic amino acids. Distinct from the Na(+)-independent cystine/glutamate transporter xCT structurally related to AGT1, AGT1 ..

..Desamido-TRH or glutamyl metabolites will be repelled by the negative potential of ASP195 (E: D93) and GLU298 (G: E137)...

..such as L-phenylalanine and 2-aminobicyclo-heptanecarboxylic acid (BCH), whereas small neutral, basic and acidic amino acids had no significant effect...

..possesses other structural features characteristic of transcription factors, including a long stretch of acidic amino acids (amino acids 67 - 95), a proline-rich region (positions 733-849), a region rich in basic amino acids (..

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..Combined prospective human cohort and prospective controlled animal model...

..These data strongly suggest that the Asp 405 residue is involved in substrate binding via an interaction with the P1 amino group of the substrate's side chain...

..By deletion analysis, we have identified a TAP C-terminal region rich in acidic amino acids and leucine residues which acts as a strong transcriptional activator when bound through GAL4 sites upstream ..

..In particular, substitution by acidic amino acids, A510D(E), led to remarkable increases in molecular weights...

..PA28- proteasome modulators by modifying the profile of peptides produced by the activated proteasome, may either enhance or suppress the immune response...

..With D at position -1, acidic amino acids at position -3, and aliphatic ones at positions -2 and +1, the NP cleavage sites show a recognition motif ..

..This shows that the coxMNOP genes are not essential for respiration in the N2 fixing bacteroid...

..chemical modification of cysteines with dithionitrobenzoic acid, histidines with diethyl pyrocarbonate and acidic amino acids with Woodward's reagent (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulphonate)...

..Thus, select nutrients are increased in the uterine lumen by P4 concomitant with the upregulation of epithelial transporters for glucose and basic amino acids, suggesting that these nutrients stimulate blastocyst growth and development...

..Of note, the acidic amino acids L- and D-glutamate and aspartate were also transported, although with lower affinity (Km = 2-18 mM)...

..spiracles gene and encodes several stretches of amino acids rich in serine, alanine, proline, glutamine, and acidic amino acids, indicating potential domains of regulatory activity...

..In contrast to acidic amino acids, dicarboxylic acids are not recognized by glutamate transporters, but the related bacterial DctA ..

..Crystallographic studies have shown that surface enrichment by acidic amino acids is a common structural feature of halophilic proteins...

..vulgaris (Monticello) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774). We have not yet identified a physiological function for the prismane protein despite trials for some relevant enzyme activities...

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..L., and Hosey, M. M. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23682-26389). The present study investigated the role of acidic amino acids between P1 and P2 in regulating receptor phosphorylation, internalization, and receptor/arrestin ..

..either one proximal acidic N-terminal amino acid (positions -4, -3, and -2) or a pair of distal N-terminal acidic amino acids (positions -6 and -5)...

..While the C-terminal 141 amino acids contain more basic than acidic amino acids, the region of greatest amino acid sequence heterogeneity, amino acids 503 to 600, contained a preponderance ..

..b>acidic amino acids) that is required for cell proliferation and has been shown to associate with the Sin3 histone deacetylase (..

..Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the NH2-terminal acidic residue-rich segment of C4 alpha'-chain contributes importantly to the interaction of C4b with C2...

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..characterized by substitution of the basic amino acid histidine (related to authentic TRH) for neutral or acidic amino acids, such as glutamic acid, phenylalanine, glutamine or tyrosine...

..Despite the high degree of conservation of active-site residues, Arg292 in E. coli AspAT, which interacts with the distal carboxylate of the substrate, was not found in T. thermophilus AspAT. Arg89 may complement the function of Arg292...

In a statistical analysis of the amino acid compositions of 26 halophilic proteins, 24 showed an increase in acidic amino acids and a decrease in basic ones when compared to their non-halophilic homologues...

..Animal experiments have demonstrated that highly increased fetal levels of acidic amino acids such as Asp could be associated with neurotoxic damage in the fetal brain...

..Testing of the synthetic receptors for possible applications in detection of metastatic cancer, imaging and delivery of anti- cancer drugs. ..

..domains of all known chemokine receptors (CCRs) contain tyrosine residues in the context of several flanking acidic amino acids, features shared by all known tyrosine sulfated proteins...

..grant addresses the importance of three conserved elements of the 18 amino acid actin N-terminal region: the acidic amino acids at the N-terminus of mature processed actin; the conserved Ala-Leu-Val beginning at residue 6; and the ..

..Proteins will be screened for clotting activity in one-and two-stage clotting assays. Kinetic analyses will be done by measuring thrombin formation. ..

..The name of the principal investigator/program director must be provided at the top of each printed page and each continuation page. RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Numbers Face Page i_ Description, ..

..Ca2+ is the principal regulator of IP3R and exerts a biphasic effect on channel function. Acidic amino acids in 2 known calcium-binding regions of the IP3R will be mutated...

..The name of the principal investigator/program director must be provided at the top of each printed page and each continuation page. RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Numbers Face Page i_ Description, ..

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The acidic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian CNS. An extracellular accumulation of these excitatory amino acids (EAAs) causes neuronal cell death...

DESCRIPTION: The acidic amino acids are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS)...