drug resistance

Summary

Summary: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Webpages

  1. who | health topics
    www.who.int/health_topics/en/
  2. enterobacteriaceae
    www.channing.harvard.edu/6.htm
  3. biomedical sciences training program at case western reserve university
    www.case.edu/med/BSTP/faculty.html
  4. what students are saying about the core course
    lifesciences.umaryland.edu/faculty/default.asp?ID=130
  5. no title
    medschool.umaryland.edu/FACULTYRESEARCHPROFILE/viewprofile.a ...
  6. nih news release--gene’s role in malaria drug resistance proved--10/02/2002
    www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2002/niaid-02.htm
  7. genetics | departments
    www.sfbr.org/Departments/genetics_detail.aspx?p=49
  8. f. chris minion | iowa state university
    www.vm.iastate.edu/Faculty_staff/Profiles/fcminion.asp
  9. qimr website - molecular genetics laboratory
    www.qimr.edu.au/research/labs/peteru/index.html
  10. michael t. ferdig • faculty • department of biological sciences • college of science • university of notre dame
    www.nd.edu/~biology/ferdig.shtml

Research Grants

  1. Molecular Mechanism and Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis
    Hira L Nakhasi; Fiscal Year: 2003
  2. Blood-Borne Pathogen Detection and Malaria Immunology
    Sanjai Kumar; Fiscal Year: 2003
  3. The development and evaluation of new tuberculosis vacci
    Sheldon Morris; Fiscal Year: 2003
  4. AID-mediated genetic instability in BCR-ABL1-transformed B cell lineage leukemia
    MARKUS MUSCHEN; Fiscal Year: 2009
  5. A Global Comparative Study of the Evolution of Antimalarial Drug Resistance
    ANANIAS ALBERTO ESCALANTE; Fiscal Year: 2008
  6. Novel mycobacterial translocase I inhibitors - a new class of anti-TB drugs
    Venkata M Reddy; Fiscal Year: 2008
  7. Lab. and Clinical Studies in Drug Resistance Reversal
    Susan Bates; Fiscal Year: 2004
  8. Side-by-side comparison of blood-brain barrier models
    EDWARD J RAPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. Side-by-side comparison of blood-brain barrier models
    EDWARD J RAPP; Fiscal Year: 2008
  10. Pre-B cell receptor signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    MARKUS MUSCHEN; Fiscal Year: 2009

Publications

  1. Monitoring the drug-sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in coastal towns in Madagascar by use of in vitro chemosensitivity and mutation detection tests
    M A Rason
    Groupe de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo (101, République de Madagascar
    Parasite 9:247-53
  2. Therapeutic efficacy of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyremethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangladesh
    Kamala Thriemer
    International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Bangladesh
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:645-9
  3. Plasmodium falciparum: higher incidence of molecular resistance markers for sulphadoxine than for pyrimethamine in Kasangati, Uganda
    Hakim Sendagire
    Department of Biochemistry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
    Trop Med Int Health 10:537-43
  4. Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia in children. Risk factors, treatment outcomes, and gametocytaemia following treatment
    A Sowunmi
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
    Parasite 11:317-23
  5. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Osogbo Nigeria: efficacy of amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine + chlorpheniramine for treatment
    T O Ogungbamigbe
    Malaria Research Clinic and Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103:79-84
  6. Antipyretic, parasitologic, and immunologic effects of combining sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine with chloroquine or paracetamol for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    Elisabeth Hugosson
    Malaria Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:366-71
  7. Chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy for uncomplicated malaria treatment and haematological recovery in children in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso during a 3-year period 1998-2000
    H Tinto
    Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Africa
    Trop Med Int Health 7:925-30
  8. Therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized trial comparing artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in Irian Jaya, Indonesia
    E Tjitra
    National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:309-17
  9. Efficacy comparison between anti-malarial drugs in Africans presenting with mild malaria in the Central Republic of Africa: a preliminary study
    W S Nambei
    Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Communautaire de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
    Parasite 12:73-7
  10. Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine and to pyrimethamine in Comoros
    M Randrianarivelojosia
    Groupe de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
    Parasite 11:419-23

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Webpages88 found, 30 most recent shown here

  1. who | health topics
    www.who.int/health_topics/en/
  2. enterobacteriaceae
    www.channing.harvard.edu/6.htm
  3. biomedical sciences training program at case western reserve university
    www.case.edu/med/BSTP/faculty.html
  4. what students are saying about the core course
    lifesciences.umaryland.edu/faculty/default.asp?ID=130
  5. no title
    medschool.umaryland.edu/FACULTYRESEARCHPROFILE/viewprofile.a ...
  6. nih news release--gene’s role in malaria drug resistance proved--10/02/2002
    www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2002/niaid-02.htm
  7. genetics | departments
    www.sfbr.org/Departments/genetics_detail.aspx?p=49
  8. f. chris minion | iowa state university
    www.vm.iastate.edu/Faculty_staff/Profiles/fcminion.asp
  9. qimr website - molecular genetics laboratory
    www.qimr.edu.au/research/labs/peteru/index.html
  10. michael t. ferdig • faculty • department of biological sciences • college of science • university of notre dame
    www.nd.edu/~biology/ferdig.shtml
  11. faculty : dept. of molecular biology & biochemistry : uc irvine
    mbb.bio.uci.edu/fac.html
  12. bristol microbiology forum - centres around bristol
    www.bristol.ac.uk/cellmolmed/forum/members.html
  13. publications biomédicales de rouen : avril 2002
    www.chu-rouen.fr/drrc/pub/pub0204.html
  14. anti-tuberculosis drugs
    www.patcar.org/Basic/TB-drug.html
  15. mahidol oxford tropical medicine research unit - combating drug-resistance
    www.tropmedres.ac/research/malaria/research-malaria/combatin ...
  16. sharad s. singhal
    www.uta.edu/chemistry/html/singhal.html
  17. control of malaria vectors in africa and asia
    ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/curtiscf.htm
  18. f. chris minion | iowa state university
    www.vetmed.iastate.edu/Faculty_staff/Profiles/fcminion.asp
  19. gates malaria partnership publications
    www.lshtm.ac.uk/gmp/publications2.htm
  20. antimalarial drug resistance: surveillance and molecular methods for national malaria control programmes
    memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/935/3m.html
  21. weill cornell medical college | office of research & sponsored programs
    www.med.cornell.edu/research/hliou
  22. histcite - index: mccarty m with citing papers
    garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/mccarty-m_w-citing/index ...
  23. eimeria
    www.science.uts.edu.au/ibid/parasites/eimeria.html
  24. mefloquine references
    www.indiana.edu/~primate/larrefs.html
  25. the winzeler laboratory | publications
    www.scripps.edu/cb/winzeler/publications.htm
  26. microbiology - 71a
    medicalservicecorps.amedd.army.mil/71A/publications.htm
  27. medical protozoology syllabus
    www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/syllabus.html
  28. university of pittsburgh :: mvm program
    www.gradbiomed.pitt.edu/mvm/faculty.asp?ID=69
  29. faculty detail
    www.pbs.rx.uga.edu/faculty/detail.asp?gID={CF7A35BF-373E-46B ...

Research Grants62

  1. Molecular Mechanism and Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis
    Hira L Nakhasi; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Further, parasite drug resistance makes it difficult to treat this disease...
  2. Blood-Borne Pathogen Detection and Malaria Immunology
    Sanjai Kumar; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Falciparum malaria. Given the emerging difficulties with malaria drug resistance and vector control, as well as the persistent lack of an effective vaccine, new malaria vaccine development ..
  3. The development and evaluation of new tuberculosis vacci
    Sheldon Morris; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..For the initial studies, we have chosen to evaluate drug resistance in M. smegmatis because this mycobacterial strain is much easier and safer to work with than M. tuberculosis...
  4. AID-mediated genetic instability in BCR-ABL1-transformed B cell lineage leukemia
    MARKUS MUSCHEN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..effect as such but will become toxic upon AID-mediated conversion. Given that AID-expressing cells are more likely to be drug-resistant than others, we propose a treatment approach that is focused on the AID-expressing leukemia cells...
  5. A Global Comparative Study of the Evolution of Antimalarial Drug Resistance
    ANANIAS ALBERTO ESCALANTE; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Anti-malarial drugs save millions of lives every year; however, the evolution of drug resistance in P. falciparum is a major global health threat...
  6. Novel mycobacterial translocase I inhibitors - a new class of anti-TB drugs
    Venkata M Reddy; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Moreover, SQ641 has a PAE of 55 hr, 3 times the INH PAE. The best way to prevent drug resistance is to act quickly, before bacteria have a chance to adjust to the presence of the drug...
  7. Lab. and Clinical Studies in Drug Resistance Reversal
    Susan Bates; Fiscal Year: 2004
    The Molecular Therapeutics Section conducts both clinical and laboratory studies in drug resistance. Our clinical trials this year focused on the effects of depsipeptide in the treatment of cutaneous and peripheral T cell lymphoma...
  8. Side-by-side comparison of blood-brain barrier models
    EDWARD J RAPP; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..the brain from potentially dangerous substances may also contribute to the phenomenon known as multiple drug resistance (MDR) during treatment of several CNS disorders, such as drug refractory epilepsy or intractable brain tumors...
  9. Side-by-side comparison of blood-brain barrier models
    EDWARD J RAPP; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..the brain from potentially dangerous substances may also contribute to the phenomenon known as multiple drug resistance (MDR) during treatment of several CNS disorders, such as drug refractory epilepsy or intractable brain tumors...
  10. Pre-B cell receptor signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    MARKUS MUSCHEN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..investigate the function of the pre-B cell receptor signaling unit (1) as a potential target to disrupt aberrant cell signaling that promotes leukemic growth and (2) to restore normal pre-B cell receptor signaling in the leukemia cells...
  11. Drug resistant malaria clinical and laboratory studies
    Sarah Staedke; Fiscal Year: 2005
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Global malaria control is threatened by antimalarial drug resistance. New antimalarial therapies and a better understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance are urgently needed...
  12. Determinants of growth and fitness in drug resistant malaria parasites
    Michael T Ferdig; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..To detect the genome-wide presence of these drug resistance adaptations, we focus on basic growth and normal cellular processes in two different parasite solutions to ..
  13. Population biology of malaria drug resistance in Yunnan
    Zhaoqing Yang; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..partner drug for artemisinins for a specific region, it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of drug resistance in the parasite populations...
  14. Immobilized Drug Transporters
    IRVING WILLIAM WAINER; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..So, the clinical efficacy of transporter inhibitors (whether used to reverse anticancer drug resistance, or to modulate pharmacokinetics) may be improved by optimizing their transporter selectivity...
  15. The Evolution of Malerial Antifiolate Resistance
    Daniel L Hartl; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..antifolates are affordable and still clinically effective, their use has been compromised by the evolution of drug resistance. Resistance results from a small number of amino acid replacements in two enzymes for folate synthesis: ..
  16. Iron Chelators: Role in Sickle Cell Malaria (pilot)
    Asikiya Walcourt; Fiscal Year: 2008
    Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) causes the most widespread and virulent form of human malaria, and drug resistance is a major factor in reduced effectiveness of our current treatment options...
  17. The Evolution of Malerial Antifiolate Resistance
    Daniel L Hartl; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..antifolates are affordable and still clinically effective, their use has been compromised by the evolution of drug resistance. Resistance results from a small number of amino acid replacements in two enzymes for folate synthesis: ..
  18. Iron Chelators: Role in Sickle Cell Malaria (pilot)
    Asikiya Walcourt; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) causes the most widespread and virulent form of human malaria, and drug resistance is a major factor in reduced effectiveness of our current treatment options...
  19. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase, Retroviral Vector Design, a
    Stephen Hughes; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Recent structural and biochemical analyses have shed new light on the mechanisms of HIV-1 RT drug resistance. For example, resistance to the nucleoside analog 3TC appears to involve steric hindrance...
  20. DNA Mismatch Repair and Malaria Drug Resistance
    Theodore F Taraschi; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..has been linked to several forms of cancer, microsatellite instability, and most notably chemotherapeutic drug resistance. DNA damaging agents used as drug treatments are often associated with a resistance phenotype in cells with ..
  21. Population biology of malaria drug resistance in Yunnan
    Zhaoqing Yang; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..partner drug for artemisinins for a specific region, it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of drug resistance in the parasite populations...
  22. Genetic Analysis of the Multidrug Resistance Phenotype i
    Michael M Gottesman; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..To explore the possibility that other members of the ABC family of transporters may be involved in drug resistance in cancer, we have developed real-time PCR for detection of most of the 48 known ABC transporters; these ..
  23. ART On Oral Tissue Growth, Function, and HPV Infections
    CRAIG M MEYERS; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..to treatment regimens risking relapse in the patient and increasing the potential for development of drug resistance viruses...
  24. Microarray- based alleelic variation scanning of Plasmodium vivax
    Scott J Westenberger; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..In Plasmodium falciparum, drug resistance has been associated with specific mutations in resistance genes and gene duplication events...
  25. Influence Of Mdr-1 Genotype On Indinavir And Saquinavir
    Scott R Penzak; Fiscal Year: 2006
    The human multi-drug resistance (MDR1) gene makes a protein called P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp may limit the absorption of medications including HIV protease inhibitors...
  26. Combination therapies for chronic HBV, liver disease and cancer
    Mark A Feitelson; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..are potent drugs, they are limited by low rates of sustained response, side effects, and the emergence of drug resistance. Hence, the objective of this proposal is to devise combination therapies, following the model of HIV ..
  27. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR ASSAYING CANCER-DRUG RESISTANCE
    Mark Lim; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..This problem is exemplified by drug resistance developed in patients treated for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the small molecule drug Imatinib (..
  28. Patient-Oriented Research and Mentoring in Pneumocystis
    Laurence Huang; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and TB and will examine trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drug resistance in Pneumocystis...
  29. Patient-Oriented Research and Mentoring in Pneumocystis
    Laurence Huang; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and TB and will examine trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drug resistance in Pneumocystis...
  30. A novel assay for inhibitors of influenza A virus polymerase complex assembly
    Feng Li; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..To better prepare us to cope with an emerging influenza pandemic and combat the rising problem of antiviral drug resistance, new classes of antiviral drugs targeted to conserved viral functions are urgently needed...
  31. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Agents of Hospital-Acquired
    ANDREW E LEVIN; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..However, an increasing proportion of bacterial pathogens exhibit drug resistance to these antibiotics, and conventional testing may miss clinically relevant resistances, resulting in ..
  32. Continued development of WHONET for surveillance of infections & drug resistance
    John Stelling; Fiscal Year: 2008
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Development of WHONET for Surveillance of Infections and Drug Resistance John Stelling, MD, MPH Project Summary/Abstract The continued emergence of infectious diseases, newly identified pathogens, and ..
  33. Translational Studies of Plasmodium Falciparum Infection Dynamics
    Bryan R Greenhouse; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..years, malarial mortality has continued to increase in parts of Africa due in large part to the spread of drug resistance. Implementation of efforts to control the spread of drug-resistant malaria are limited by a poor ..
  34. Lung Cancer Chemoradiation: Predictors of Survival
    Xifeng Wu; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..b>Drug resistance presents a major obstacle in NSCLC treatment...
  35. Chloroquine Resistance and pfcrt Variants in PNG
    Peter A Zimmerman; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..in the pfcrt (Plasmodium falciparum {PJ] chloroquine resistance transporter) and pfmdrl (Pf multi-drug resistance) genes associated with chloroquine resistant (CQR) Pf alter the physiology of the parasite's digestive ..
  36. Lung Cancer Chemoradiation: Predictors of Survival
    Xifeng Wu; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..b>Drug resistance presents a major obstacle in NSCLC treatment...
  37. Investigation of the ABC Half-Transporter ABCG2
    Susan Bates; Fiscal Year: 2006
    Our laboratory has a long-standing interest in non-Pgp mediated mechanisms of drug resistance, having established several cell line models of resistance focusing on the ABC half-transporter ABCG2...
  38. Inhibition of glutathione reductase and ovarian cancer drug resistance reversal
    Xiangming Guan; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..b>Drug resistance is a major cause of failure in ovarian cancer treatment...
  39. Centromere Structure and Function in Candida albicans
    Judith G Berman; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Prophylactic antifungal treatments often result in the appearance of acquired drug resistance. C...
  40. Protein Kinase C and GSTP1 interactions in glioma drug resistance
    Francis Ali-Osman; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Similarly, high PKC activity is frequently observed in malignant gliomas and has been associated with glioma drug resistance. Recently, we reported that the GSTP1 protein is a, heretofore, unrecognized downstream target of PKC and ..
  41. Pneumococcal transmission in urban environments
    Joshua P Metlay; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Yet, the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance and, more recently, non-vaccine serotypes among clinical isolates of S...
  42. Identification of pancreatic cancer specific high affinity targeting ligands
    PAPPANAICKEN RANGASAMY KUMARESAN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..might be more rational, not only to efficiently eliminate cancer cells, but also to limit the emergence of drug resistance. A method of identifying novel targeting ligands is much warranted...
  43. Identification of pancreatic cancer specific high affinity targeting ligands
    PAPPANAICKEN RANGASAMY KUMARESAN; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..might be more rational, not only to efficiently eliminate cancer cells, but also to limit the emergence of drug resistance. A method of identifying novel targeting ligands is much warranted...
  44. MDR Gene Polymorphisms in AML
    Maria R Baer; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..energy-dependent drug efflux pumps associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in cell lines and with clinical drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)...
  45. MDR Gene Polymorphisms in AML
    Maria R Baer; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..energy-dependent drug efflux pumps associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in cell lines and with clinical drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)...
  46. Molecular Population Genetics And Virulence In Mycobacte
    James M Musser; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..The rate of drug resistance in this pathogen is increasing globally, and many multidrug-resistant strains now have emerged that are ..
  47. Protease Inhibitor Analogues for Enhanced Transport Across Blood-Brain Interfaces
    Ashim K Mitra; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..e., P- glycoprotein (P-gp) and multi-drug resistance associated proteins (MRPs)...
  48. Analyzing Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis
    Harriet C Isom; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..further investigation are the replication intermediate HBV nuclear covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA and drug resistance mutants...
  49. Substrate Selection in Homologous Bacterial Transporters
    Manuel F Varela; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..by applicant): Solute transporters are defective in genetic diseases and confer bacterial and cancer drug resistance. Transporters have substrate specificity, which is poorly understood, thus hindering our understanding of ..
  50. Chemical Genetics of Plasmodium Kinases
    Debopam Chakrabarti; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Because of prevalence drug resistance it is urgent to identify new therapeutics for treatment...
  51. Rapid in vitro substrate assay for the multi-drug resistance p-glycoprotein
    DONALD LEE MELCHIOR; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..The test is reliable, simple, rapid, inexpensive and amenable to robotics. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  52. Imaging of O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase
    Ganesan Vaidyanathan; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..A major reason for poor prognosis in many patients is the development of drug resistance, resulting in tumor regrowth and eventual patient death...
  53. Analyzing Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis
    Harriet C Isom; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..further investigation are the replication intermediate HBV nuclear covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA and drug resistance mutants...

Publications62

  1. Monitoring the drug-sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in coastal towns in Madagascar by use of in vitro chemosensitivity and mutation detection tests
    M A Rason
    Groupe de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo (101, République de Madagascar
    Parasite 9:247-53
    ..The possible hazard/risk associated with imported cases of malaria is discussed...
  2. Therapeutic efficacy of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyremethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangladesh
    Kamala Thriemer
    International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Bangladesh
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:645-9
    In terms of drug resistance Bangladesh acts as an important gateway to the Indian Subcontinent. However, little is known about the current status of drug resistance in this country...
  3. Plasmodium falciparum: higher incidence of molecular resistance markers for sulphadoxine than for pyrimethamine in Kasangati, Uganda
    Hakim Sendagire
    Department of Biochemistry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
    Trop Med Int Health 10:537-43
    ..9%), frequencies of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant and mixed alleles combined (A437G 89% and K540E 83.9%) were higher than those of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) (N51I 58.4%, C59R 31.3%)...
  4. Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia in children. Risk factors, treatment outcomes, and gametocytaemia following treatment
    A Sowunmi
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
    Parasite 11:317-23
    ..The results are discussed in the light of management of uncomplicated hyperparasitaemia in children in endemic settings...
  5. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Osogbo Nigeria: efficacy of amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine + chlorpheniramine for treatment
    T O Ogungbamigbe
    Malaria Research Clinic and Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103:79-84
    ..AQ+SP and CH+CQ are effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria and may be considered as useful alternative drugs in the absence of artemisinin-based combination therapies...
  6. Antipyretic, parasitologic, and immunologic effects of combining sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine with chloroquine or paracetamol for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    Elisabeth Hugosson
    Malaria Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:366-71
    ..001) and similarly in the four treatment groups between days 0, 2, and 3. Thus, the addition of chloroquine or paracetamol to SP improved the clinical outcome, but did not affect the parasitologic response or antibody production...
  7. Chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy for uncomplicated malaria treatment and haematological recovery in children in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso during a 3-year period 1998-2000
    H Tinto
    Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Africa
    Trop Med Int Health 7:925-30
    ..However, the prevalences of CQ resistance reported from other areas of the country are worrying because of its potential spread. Regular surveillance of resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs should continue...
  8. Therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized trial comparing artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in Irian Jaya, Indonesia
    E Tjitra
    National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:309-17
    ..Combined artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resulted in more rapid fever and parasiteclearance, was well tolerated, reduced risk of treatment failure, and lowered gametocyte carriage...
  9. Efficacy comparison between anti-malarial drugs in Africans presenting with mild malaria in the Central Republic of Africa: a preliminary study
    W S Nambei
    Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Communautaire de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
    Parasite 12:73-7
    b>Drug resistance to Plasmodium falciparum contributes to major health problems in central Africa and, as a consequence, poverty...
  10. Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine and to pyrimethamine in Comoros
    M Randrianarivelojosia
    Groupe de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
    Parasite 11:419-23
    ..The alternative drugs proposed as a replacement for chloroquine as first-line treatment in Comoros, and the strategy to monitor the drug susceptibility of Plasmodium sp in this part of the Indian Ocean sub-region are discussed...
  11. Plasmodium falciparum: correlation of in vivo resistance to chloroquine and antifolates with genetic polymorphisms in isolates from the south of Lao PDR
    Nicole Berens
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
    Trop Med Int Health 8:775-82
    Levels of drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains against antimalarials have increased in Laos...
  12. Short report: Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum malaria after sub-optimal therapy in Uganda
    Alissa Myrick
    Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:758-61
    ..These results highlight the complexity of malaria in Africa and have implications for efficacy trials, because missing late reappearances of strains could lead to misclassification of outcomes...
  13. Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine or amodiaquine in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea
    K D P Jayatilaka
    Malaria Surveillance and Control Unit, Department of Health, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
    P N G Med J 46:125-34
    ....
  14. Rapid increase in resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine-Fansidar in Uganda and the potential of amodiaquine-Fansidar as a better alternative
    Hakim Sendagire
    Department of Biochemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
    Acta Trop 95:172-82
    ..AQSP was found to be a superior drug combination compared to CQSP and could be used as a low cost alternative at the moment...
  15. Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Nigerian children: before, during and after treatment with antimalarial drugs
    A Sowunmi
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
    Trop Med Int Health 8:783-92
    ....
  16. Drug resistant falciparum malaria and the use of artesunate-based combinations: focus on clinical trials sponsored by TDR
    Walter R Taylor
    UNDP World Bank World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases TDR, Geneva, Switzerland
    J Vector Borne Dis 40:65-72
    Antimalarial drug resistance has now become a serious global challenge and is the principal reason for the decline in antimalarial drug efficacy. Malaria endemic countries need inexpensive and efficacious drugs...
  17. Gametocytaemia in Senegalese children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with chloroquine, amodiaquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
    C S Sokhna
    Laboratoire de Paludologie, UR Paludologie Afrotropicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. 1386 Dakar, Sénégal
    Parasite 8:243-50
    ..The epidemiological significance of post-therapeutic gametocytaemia and its possible role in the spread of resistant parasites are underlined. Solutions are proposed in order to avoid or reduce this gametocytaemia...
  18. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in uncomplicated falciparum malaria
    Sukla Biswas
    Malaria Research Centre (ICMR, 22 Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, India
    J Vector Borne Dis 40:92-9
    ..The antifolate combination found to be fully effective as second line and also as first line wherever revised drug policy has been introduced...
  19. A multiplex ligase detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay for simultaneous detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance
    Eric P Carnevale
    The Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, Room 4 125, 2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 7286, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 45:752-61
    ..A complex array of mutations underlying antimalarial drug resistance complicates efficient monitoring of parasite populations and limits the success of malaria control efforts in ..
  20. Detection of drug resistance markers for chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia using PCR and restriction digestion
    Saeed A Al Harthi
    Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, P O Box 13955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
    J Egypt Soc Parasitol 37:17-30
    ..The use of molecular markers as additional tools to map areas of chloroquine resistance was expected to contribute in the development of new strategies for therapeutic intervention towards malaria in Saudi Arabia...
  21. Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
    Ingrid V F van den Broek
    Médecins Sans Frontières Holland, Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh
    Trop Med Int Health 9:680-7
    ..The genotyping results suggest that neither chloroquine nor SP can be considered a reliable treatment for P. falciparum malaria any longer in this area of Bangladesh...
  22. Evaluation of chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) therapy in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Indo-Myanmar border areas
    P K Mohapatra
    Division of Malariology, Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region (ICMR, Dibrugarh, India
    Trop Med Int Health 10:478-83
    ..The gradient is probably indicative of the direction of movement of the drug-resistant P. falciparum parasite. The utility of chloroquine as the first-line drug under the present National Drug Policy in these areas needs reconsideration...
  23. Evidence basis for antimalarial policy change in Sierra Leone: five in vivo efficacy studies of chloroquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine
    Francesco Checchi
    Epicentre, 8 rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris, France
    Trop Med Int Health 10:146-53
    ..Throughout Africa, as SP resistance increases, these two regimens are probably the only options available while newer combinations are developed. Efficacy studies should focus on testing AQ and AS + AQ...
  24. Return of chloroquine antimalarial efficacy in Malawi
    Miriam K Laufer
    University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
    N Engl J Med 355:1959-66
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Chloroquine is again an efficacious treatment for malaria, 12 years after it was withdrawn from use in Malawi. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00125489 [ClinicalTrials.gov].)...
  25. Monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy
    P Ringwald
    Clin Infect Dis 38:1192-3; author reply 1193-4
  26. Anti-plasmodial activity of some Kenyan medicinal plant extracts singly and in combination with chloroquine
    F W Muregi
    Biochemistry Department, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
    Phytother Res 18:379-84
    ..capensis and C. myricoides with chloroquine against the multi-drug resistant P. falciparum isolate (V1/S) revealed synergistic effect. The plants which showed activity may be useful as sources for novel anti-plasmodial compounds...
  27. In vivo-in vitro model for the assessment of clinically relevant antimalarial cross-resistance
    H Noedl
    Department of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Austria
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:696-9
    ..554; P = 0.009) and mefloquine (R = 0.615; P = 0.002) in vitro drug sensitivities were equally well reflected in the in vivo treatment response to artemisinin, thereby suggesting the clinical relevance of in vitro cross-sensitivity...
  28. Efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children under five in Bongor and Koumra, Chad
    Francesco Grandesso
    Epicentre, 8 rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris, France
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100:419-26
    ..Nevertheless, the efficacy of this combination should be evaluated and the change carefully prepared, implemented and monitored...
  29. Efficacy and tolerability of four antimalarial combinations in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal
    Babacar Faye
    Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
    Malar J 6:80
    ..No serious side-effect requiring premature termination of treatment was observed. CONCLUSION: The four combinations are effective and well-tolerated...
  30. Efficacy of antimalarial treatment in Guinea: in vivo study of two artemisinin combination therapies in Dabola and molecular markers of resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in N'Zérékoré
    Maryline Bonnet
    Epicentre, Paris, France
    Malar J 6:54
    ....
  31. Sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine versus amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated childhood malaria in Gabon: a randomized trial to guide national policy
    Basile Nsimba
    National Malaria Control Programme Division for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Brazzaville, Congo
    Malar J 7:31
    ..Gabonese policy-makers need to plan country-wide and close surveillance of AQ/AS efficacy to determine whether, and for how long, these new recommendations for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria remain valid...
  32. Prevention of increasing rates of treatment failure by combining sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine with artesunate or amodiaquine for the sequential treatment of malaria
    Grant Dorsey
    Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
    J Infect Dis 188:1231-8
    Combination antimalarial therapy may delay the spread of drug resistance, but clinical data supporting this notion are limited...
  33. Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon basin of Peru
    Alan J Magill
    Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 37:279-81
    ....
  34. [In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to amino-4-quinolines and sulfadoxine pyrimethamine in Agou (Ivory Coast)]
    W Yavo
    Département de Parasitologie Mycologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 01 BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte D Ivoire
    Pathol Biol (Paris) 50:184-8
    ..In case of resistance to these drugs, we recommend the combination sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine...
  35. Intercontinental spread of pyrimethamine-resistant malaria
    Cally Roper
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Science 305:1124
    ..The resistance alleles carried by these migrants are now spreading across Africa at an alarming rate, signaling the end of affordable malaria treatment and presenting sub-Saharan Africa with a public health crisis...
  36. High frequency of Plasmodium falciparum PfCRT K76T and PfpghN86Y in patients clearing infection after chloroquine treatment in the Sudan
    Nawal Tagelsir
    National Public Health Laboratories, Khartoum, Sudan
    Acta Trop 97:19-25
    ..with chloroquine, and the prevalence of two Plasmodium falciparum DNA polymorphisms known to associate with drug resistance, namely PfCRT K76T and Pfpgh N86Y were investigated in two sites in central and eastern Sudan...
  37. Defective DNA repair as a potential mechanism for the rapid development of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    Richard F Trotta
    Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307 5001, USA
    Biochemistry 43:4885-91
    ..We propose that altered DNA repair, either through defective repair mechanisms or drug-mediated inhibition, may contribute to the accelerated development of drug resistance in the parasite.
  38. Efficacy of combination therapy with artesunate plus amodiaquine compared to monotherapy with chloroquine, amodiaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum in Afghanistan
    Naeem Durrani
    HealthNet International, Malaria and Leishmaniasis Control Programme, University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan
    Trop Med Int Health 10:521-9
    ..rates with AS/AQ were inadequate, and the criteria for deploying ACT - namely to prevent further selection of drug resistance from a position of low frequency - was not met in the region...
  39. Pharmacokinetics of sequential and simultaneous treatment with the combination chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Philippines
    Dorina G Bustos
    Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
    Trop Med Int Health 7:584-91
    ..In the absence of an alternative treatment for acute uncomplicated malaria, this combination is well tolerated, and has an advantage over CQ or SP monotherapy, especially in countries where one drug is still highly effective...
  40. Efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine mono- and combined therapy against falciparum malaria in Sudan
    S B Elamin
    Federal Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Khartoum, Sudan
    East Mediterr Health J 13:25-34
    ..Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine had an overall failure rate of 4.4%. Combination of the 2 drugs had a failure rate of 14.5% and 5.9% in the 2 sites...
  41. Prevalence of mutations associated with antimalarial drugs in Plasmodium falciparum isolates prior to the introduction of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line treatment in Iran
    Sedigheh Zakeri
    Malaria and Vector Research Group MVRG, Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Pasteur of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, PO BOX 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
    Malar J 6:148
    ..CONCLUSION: Finding the fixed level of CQ resistance polymorphisms (pfcrt 76T) suggests that CQ must be withdrawn from the current treatment strategy in Iran, while SP may remain the treatment of choice for uncomplicated malaria...
  42. Sustained use of insecticide-treated curtains is not associated with greater circulation of drug-resistant malaria parasites, or with higher risk of treatment failure among children with uncomplicated malaria in Burkina Faso
    Diadier A Diallo
    Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme CNRFP, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:237-44
    The impact of vector control measures on the evolution of antimalarial drug resistance is an important issue for malaria control programs...
  43. The efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone and in combination with chloroquine for malaria treatment in rural Eastern Sudan: the interrelation between resistance, age and gametocytogenesis
    Ishraga E A-Elbasit
    Malaria Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
    Trop Med Int Health 11:604-12
    ..The fast rise of SP resistance may partially be due to selection of SP resistant parasites and expansion of the resistant population through the gametocytogenic effect of SP...
  44. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy in Tanzanian children gives rapid parasite clearance but slow fever clearance that is improved by chloroquine in combination therapy
    D S Tarimo
    Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Public Health, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    Trop Med Int Health 7:592-8
    ..Despite its diminishing antimalarial activity, CQ has beneficial in vivo antipyretic effects in therapeutic combination with SP...
  45. A randomized comparison of chloroquine and chloroquine plus ketotifen in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children
    A Sowunmi
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Postgraduate Institute for Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97:103-17
    ..falciparum malaria from Ibadan - the addition of ketotifen to CQ produced little or no significant enhancement of the antimalarial effect of CQ...
  46. Malaria in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan: baseline genotypic resistance and efficacy of the artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate plus amodiaquine combinations
    Sally Hamour
    Médecins Sans Frontières, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99:548-54
    ..1%). CQ use should be rapidly discontinued in this region. SP resistance may propagate rapidly, and AS+AQ is likely to be a better long-term option, provided AQ use is limited to the combination...
  47. The efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and a combination of both for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low transmission in western Uganda
    Richard Ndyomugyenyi
    Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
    Trop Med Int Health 9:47-52
    ..However, combination therapy of SP+CQ is recommended to delay the development SP resistance, and regular surveillance for emerging CQ and SP resistance is needed to plan for alternative antimalarial drug regimens...
  48. Prevalence of polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southern Mauritania
    K J Eberl
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
    Trop Med Int Health 6:756-60
    ..Testing for prevalence of point mutations conferring antifolate resistance might help to identify the developing of drug resistance at a very early stage.
  49. Antimalarial efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and a combination of chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Bundi Bugyo, western Uganda
    Francesco Checchi
    Epicentre, Paris, France
    Trop Med Int Health 9:445-50
    ..Our study also confirms previous findings that resistance is considerably underestimated by 14-day follow-ups. Antimalarial policy decisions should therefore be based on 28-day studies, with PCR adjustment to distinguish re-infections...
  50. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate compared with chloroquine for the treatment of vivax malaria in areas co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax: a randomised non-inferiority trial in eastern Afghanistan
    Kate Kolaczinski
    HealthNet TPO, P O Box 8011, University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101:1081-7
    ..In areas where vivax infections might be misdiagnosed as falciparum infections and treated with SP+AS, patient management would be as good, or better than, with the standard CQ treatment...
  51. Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria in western Kenya highlands
    Daibin Zhong
    Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    BMC Infect Dis 8:105
    ..pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (pfdhps), chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pfcrt), and multi-drug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1)...
  52. High prevalence of drug-resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in southern Ethiopia
    Mirjam Schunk
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Leopoldstrasse 5, 80802 Munich, Germany
    Malar J 5:54
    BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, malaria is caused by both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Drug resistance of P. falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and chloroquine (CQ) is frequent and intense in some areas...
  53. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy and selection of Plasmodium falciparum DHFR mutations in Burkina Faso before its introduction as intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women
    Halidou Tinto
    Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:608-13
    ..2% of patients with recurrent parasitemia, recrudescence, and new infection alike. Such high prevalence of mutant parasites indicates that sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine should not be used as monotherapy...
  54. Genetic and biochemical aspects of drug resistance in malaria parasites
    K Hayton
    LMVR, NIAID, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
    Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 4:1-10
    b>Drug resistance is one of the major factors contributing to the resurgence of malaria, especially resistance to the most affordable drugs such as chloroquine and Fansidar, a combination drug of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine...
  55. [Limits of the efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Northern Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire): Combined in vivo and in vitro studies]
    Joseph Djaman
    Unité de Parasitologie, Laboratoire de microbiologie de l Institut national de santé publique Abidjan, BP V 47 Abidjan Laboratoire de pharmacodynamie biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte D Ivoire
    Sante 14:205-9
    Antimalarial drug resistance in endemic malaria zones is first detected in vitro; when it reaches a certain threshold, it becomes perceptible and is expressed in therapeutic failure among subjects only slightly or not at all immune...
  56. Evolution of drug-resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in Eastern Sudan
    Abdel-Muhsin A Abdel-Muhsin
    Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Institute for Research, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
    J Infect Dis 189:1239-44
    ..The frequencies of alleles of 4 genes thought to be determinants of drug resistance were monitored from 1990 through 2001...
  57. Patterns of resistance and DHFR/DHPS genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Tanzania prior to the adoption of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line treatment
    J Eriksen
    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98:347-53
    ....
  58. A simple, high-throughput method to detect Plasmodium falciparum single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase, dihydropteroate synthase, and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter genes using polymerase chain reaction- and enzy
    Michael Alifrangis
    Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 72:155-62
    ..However, to be a practical tool in the surveillance of drug resistance, simpler methods for high-throughput haplotyping are warranted...
  59. Assessment of susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin in southern Viet Nam
    N V Thanh
    National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95:513-7
    ..The mean EC50 was 0.03 mumol/L and the EC99 was 0.94 mumol/L. Parasite sensitivity to artemisinin will need to be monitored in view of its increasing use in Viet Nam...