phylogeny

..b>PHYLOGENY OF SIV/HIV: The human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, are members of a large family of primate ..

..We recently defined some of the inversion breakpoints, which occurred during human phylogeny in the chromosomes 3 and 7 by FISH with human BACs in macaques...

..The study of the E. histolytica genome serves as a model organism for reconstructing the phylogeny of early branching eukaryotes and will also provide insights into the history of anaerobic lumenal parasites...

..resolution; using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to estimate small-scale genomic change and infer clonal phylogeny; screening DNA repair gene sequences to determine the basis for each "mutator;" and developing and testing ..

..Plasma viral load varied widely from undetectable (Thesaurus Terms: biochemical evolution, host organism interaction, simian AIDS, simian immunodeficiency virus, virulence, virus infection mechanism Cercopithecidae, Macaca nemestrina..

..We will infer a genome-based phylogeny based on chromosomal DNA sequences, so that the strain differences in genome content, genome organization, and ..

..We will estimate the rate of new gene origination and its variation along branches of the phylogeny, using related statistical analyses including maximum likelihood approach...

..The proposed screen is to identify inhibitors for the 2' phosphotransferase Tpt1 a gene conserved throughout all phylogeny with well defined and essential roles in RNA end-joining reactions in yeast such as non-conventional splicing ..

..Sequences will be compared to available databases using BLAST searches and phylogeny software...

..In addition, through phylogeny reconstruction studies we demonstrated that these LOH signatures correlate significantly with gene expression ..

..Yet, MOMP does not fully reflect the phylogeny of the organism or distinguish strains by biologic or phenotypic properties...

..This will be carried out by phylogenetic analysis of all available tyrosine kinase sequences. The phylogeny will provide a framework for determining differential expansion of subfamilies and functional divergence of the ..

..We will estimate the rate of new gene origination and its variation along branches of the phylogeny, using related statistical analyses including maximum likelihood approach...

..Initial phylogenetic studies suggest that serotype and/or capsule type are independent of phylogeny. We hypothesize that there is frequent horizontal/sexual transfer and rearrangement of surface polysaccharide ..

..tropicalis), we will begin to analyze the modes of silencing in the tetraploids and eventually the higher order octo- and dodecaploid individuals. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

..Yet, MOMP does not fully reflect the phylogeny of the organism or distinguish strains by biologic or phenotypic properties...

..cells (HSCs) are formed during embryogenesis by a complex process that is largely conserved across vertebrate phylogeny. The zebrafish mutant kugelig (kgg) has a severe defect in hematopoiesis, as well as altered anterior-posterior ..

..cells (HSCs) are formed during embryogenesis by a complex process that is largely conserved across vertebrate phylogeny. The zebrafish mutant kugelig (kgg) has a severe defect in hematopoiesis, as well as altered anterior-posterior ..

..The interspecific variation supports the known phylogeny of Macaca. The relationships of these sequence variants to behavior is being studied...

..We also extend our published MLST based phylogeny to examine the sequence of a number of antigenic genes across a population of closely related Bordetella ..

..Cloning of these genes will further our understanding of phylogeny of the immune system as well as of molecular events in both normal T lymphopoiesis and diseases such as immune ..

..Bayesian approaches to the estimation of phylogeny began in the mid 1990s and are rapidly increasing in popularity...

..in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, and genes controlled by this RNA are broadly conserved across animal phylogeny. The long-term goal of this proposal is to elucidate how the let-7 RNA is expressed and functions in C...

..This line of research will lead to a clearer understanding of the neural and non-neural characteristics that define a hot spot for auditory system evolution...

..in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, and genes controlled by this RNA are broadly conserved across animal phylogeny. The long-term goal of this proposal is to elucidate how the let-7 RNA is expressed and functions in C...

..We are specifically interested in the organization of the canine phylogeny and the utility of linkage disequilibrium for mapping complex traits of interest...

..Aim 5. An on-line resource will be created to disseminate information on kinetochore functions, assays and phylogeny (a data sharing resource)...

..Given the strong conservation of these pathways across phylogeny, it is likely that our experiments will provide new insights into the general mechanisms underlying these ..

..Aim 5. An on-line resource will be created to disseminate information on kinetochore functions, assays and phylogeny (a data sharing resource)...

..Aim 5. An on-line resource will be created to disseminate information on kinetochore functions, assays and phylogeny (a data sharing resource)...

..The heavy nucleic acids are then interrogated by (a) sequencing of the ribosomal RNA to determine phylogeny, (b) quantifying the growth of those populations by real-time PCR using primers designed from the rRNA gene ..

..Because the signaling pathways in anti-bacterial defense are conserved across phylogeny, these studies should provide significant insights into anti-bacterial response in other organisms, including ..

..To date over 200 miRNAs have been discovered across all multicellular phylogeny including C. elegans, Drosophila, plants, mice and humans...

..The phylogeny of this system has led to a diffuse neuroanatomy of language and a neurophysiology that interacts closely with ..

..Our approach is to use phylogeny-based comparative analysis to examine how, and in association with which other traits, REM and NREM evolved...

..Since these genes are conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny, we expect our findings to broad relevance to biomedical research and human health and development.

..Xenopus laevis has long been used successfully as the ectothermic vertebrate species of choice for studying the phylogeny of the complex immune system. In addition, X...

..Xenopus laevis has long been used successfully as the ectothermic vertebrate species of choice for studying the phylogeny of the complex immune system. In addition, X...

..We also propose to use molecular genetic methods in the laboratory to test phylogeny-based predictions about horizontal transfer...

..This multicellular growth pattern, the distinct phylogeny of cyanobacteria, and the suspected antiquity of heterocyst development make this an important model system...

Bilateral symmetry is a common feature of nervous system anatomy across phylogeny. Morphological symmetry is contrasted by the lateralization of many different nervous system functions, likely caused by individual cell types adopting ..

Bilateral symmetry is a common feature of nervous system anatomy across phylogeny. Morphological symmetry is contrasted by the lateralization of many different nervous system functions, likely caused by individual cell types adopting ..

..Accordingly, a highly conserved and redundant mechanism preserves phylogeny by creating immunologic privilege in pregnancy. The efficiency of the system is complete...

..interacting proteins, and the genes that encode them, will be analyzed for evidence for adaptive co-evolution by phylogeny-based ML methods that incorporate tertiary structural information...

..impact on how we design new medicines as molecular structure and physical principles of folding, stability and phylogeny of drug targets are elucidated...

..The pFOXC-RT is deeply rooted in RT phylogeny which supports the hypothesis that the plasmids are ancestral to other retroelements, as well as the enzyme ..

..impact on how we design new medicines as molecular structure and physical principles of folding, stability and phylogeny of drug targets are elucidated...

..Our studies will test the hypothesis that the fundamental unit of segregation conserved throughout phylogeny is the budding yeast attachment site (kinetochore) that links the chromosome via synapsed pericentric chromatin ..

..Finally, fundamental issues of mesodermal cell differentiation, mesodermal phylogeny and ontogeny, may be better understood by study of these cells...

..Our studies will test the hypothesis that the fundamental unit of segregation conserved throughout phylogeny is the budding yeast attachment site (kinetochore) that links the chromosome via synapsed pericentric chromatin ..

..approaches being embraced by the comparative immunology community in order to make inferences concerning the phylogeny of immunity...

..approaches being embraced by the comparative immunology community in order to make inferences concerning the phylogeny of immunity...

..lifespan may provide important insights into how nutrient usage and energy metabolism influence longevity across phylogeny. To understand the mechanism whereby mitochondrial respiration affects C...

..The identification of a virus phylogeny encompassing the three divisions of life is exciting and unprecedented...

..Given the strong conservation of Scrib structure, function, and localization across phylogeny, it is likely that our results will provide new insight into the mechanisms of epithelial polarity in all ..

..genes, and which sites within those genes, will evolve: (1) functional comparison approach, (2) the sequence/phylogeny approach, (3) the biochemical approach...

..and important questions, such as the functional importance of amino acid positions? Bayesian estimation of phylogeny represents one of the most promising recent developments in the field...

..lifespan may provide important insights into how nutrient usage and energy metabolism influence longevity across phylogeny. To understand the mechanism whereby mitochondrial respiration affects C...

..and important questions, such as the functional importance of amino acid positions? Bayesian estimation of phylogeny represents one of the most promising recent developments in the field...

..Understanding the origins and transmission patterns of such agents requires first knowing the phylogeny of the host species...

..The steroid receptor family phylogeny will then be inferred, providing a scaffold on which to infer the dynamics and reconstruct the specific ..

..Such studies in Drosophila are validated by numerous examples of conservation of neural mechanisms across phylogeny. The rate of progress of the proposed analyses in Drosophila is facilitated not only by its short generation ..

..The phylogenetic analysis shows that puffer and flounder gastrin classified into the vertebrate gastrin cluster and two types of CCK were probably produced by the genome duplication occurred in teleost phylogeny.

..coli may have acquired its tnaA gene from a related source. Genomes of virulent H. influenzae resemble those of pathogenic enterics in having an island of laterally transferred DNA next to mutS...

BACKGROUND: Two central problems in computational biology are the determination of the alignment and phylogeny of a set of biological sequences...

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..In addition, human CRYL1 was mapped to chromosome 13q12.11 and mouse Cryl1 to chromosome 14 between marker D14Mit83 and D14Mit260...

..This is consistent with the notion that CEACAM1 serves or has served as a pathogen receptor in cattle...

..These observations support the inference that the evolutionary conserved gene, CD99L2, originated from a common ancestor gene of CD99, and its high conservation among species implies at least some essential function...

..Based on sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, all these homologous genes and pseudogenes were defined as a HN1 gene family...

..CeWWP1 must therefore have unique and nonredundant functions critical for embryogenesis...

..Phylogenetic analysis of the available BGP sequences supports the hypothesis that all BGPs have a single origin and share a common ancestor with a related vitamin K-dependent protein (Matrix Gla protein)...

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..In addition, phylogenetic analysis targeting discrete domains of Boudicca revealed a generalized radiation in sequences among the multiple copies of Boudicca resident in the schistosome genome...

..These results suggest that each ADAM is transcribed in spermatogenic cells in a regulated pattern at a specific developmental stage...

..As for exon 7, it was absent in both toad genes. Moreover, the AMBN genes were transcribed only in the upper jaw, presumably in teeth. These results may provide useful information for investigation of the evolution of enamel...

..3, a locus implicated in several human kidney diseases. The sequence and structure of human GLIS2 will be useful tools to study the regulation of GLIS2 and its potential role in human disease...

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To elucidate the molecular phylogeny and evolution of a particular peptide, one must analyze not the limited primary amino acid sequences of the low molecular weight mature polypeptide, but rather the sequences of the corresponding ..

..This is the first report of the cDNA encoding the precursor protein of ET-3 in a non-mammalian species...

..The invertebrate IVDs are more closely related to the mammalian enzymes than to those from two plant species...

..These results suggest that an ancestral GnRH gene duplicated twice prior to the emergence of teleosts and, therefore, that teleosts, and probably also tetrapods, would possess three paralogous forms of GnRH in individual brains...

..The results indicate that the evolutionary past of this enzyme, catalyzing the first step of glycolysis in T. vaginalis, is different from that of the enzyme performing this key role in almost all other eukaryotes...

..Some implications of the preservation of an apparently unnecessary gene in higher vertebrates are discussed...

..An N-terminal domain that presumably functions in the periplasm may also be under positive selection...

..Thus, centromeric H3-like proteins may act as adaptors between evolutionarily labile centromeric DNA and the conserved kinetochore machinery...

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..The significance of the discovery of PA1 is discussed in terms of the origin and evolution of S-RNases and self-incompatibility in Rosaceae...

..The evolution and possible roles of phage WO in various reproductive alterations of insects caused by Wolbachia are discussed...

..A phylogenetic tree that was obtained by the neighbor-joining method revealed a wide overlap of the LTR elements across species, suggesting that the HERV-W LTR family evolved independently during the hominoid evolution...

..We speculate that evolutionary alterations may increase the retinoid metabolite recycling capacity of ABCA4 and may improve dark adaptation...

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..Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the whole phylogeny of R2 can be divided into 11 parts (subclades), in which the local R2 phylogeny and the corresponding host ..

..This leads to the speculation that, in some cases, cellular mRNAs may have been captured through similar processes involved in the retroviral life cycle...

..The mutants were moderately sensitive to gamma-ray and hypersensitive to cisplatin. Our results suggest that AtRAD51B gene product is involved in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) via HR...

..Therefore, the complex and highly efficient cellulase system of T. fusca seems to be evolved as a result of horizontal gene transfers rather than gene duplication events...

..Genomic analyses revealed that the human COQ7 gene is composed of six exons spanning 11 kb of human genome as a single-copy gene. Radiation hybrid mapping assigned the COQ7 gene to human chromosome 16p12.3-p13.11...

..Linkage analysis, using the murine BXD recombinant inbred strain panel, localized nek6 to chromosome 2 at 28 cM. Using a mouse/hamster radiation hybrid panel, we assigned the nek7 gene to chromosome 1 at approximately 73 cM...

..However, the degree of complementation differs among the three with that of AtRER1C1 being the lowest, again suggesting a divergent role of AtRer1C1p...

..Based on the CSHP, we propose a phylogeny reconstruction using Z-scores...

..Protein sequence analysis revealed a group of AtCPSF73-II homologs with unknown function in animals, but not in yeast, which suggested a potential important function of this group of genes in the development of multicellular organisms...

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..The mosaicism and phylogenetic positions of the alpha6-fucosyltransferase genes are compared with those of other fucosyltransferase genes...

..This set of ribosomal protein gene sequences represents one of the most complete sets from any single organism and will aid in fish phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies...

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..These data identify GnRH-R3 as a new member of GnRH-R that arose in a recent genome duplication but has distinctive genomic structure and functional characteristic...

..Our results suggest, therefore, that the 5-HT(5B) receptor has been lost during evolution after the divergence between rodents and primates. The 5-HT(5B) receptor is the first example of a brain-specific protein that is absent in human...

..Phylogenetic analysis suggests that initially TfiTok6A1I diverged from a common ancestor, then Tsp32IR branched out, and finally TaqI and TthHB8I diverged from each other during evolution...

..These data indicate that TBX22 may be the first identified member of a new family of T-domain-containing proteins...

..It belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 12 based on amino acid sequence similarities. It is optimally active at pH 6.8 with an optimal temperature of about 50 degrees C. The CMCase activity of CelB is about 60% of that of CelA...

..Our study demonstrates that the N- and C-terminal regions of the motilin precursor have evolved at different rates, which is evidence for 'mosaic evolution'...

..The molecular phylogenetic analysis of the metazoan lamin sequences emphasises the monophyletic nature of the chordates in line with the morphological evidence...

..Type-I calcyphosine may be specific to mammals, and type-II is widely distributed among metazoan species. This suggests that type-II calcyphosine is a rather ancient gene with some essential function...

..The predicted alpha-helical structures, potential phosphorylation sites and antigenic regions of the P2 protein provide some insights into the structure of P2 protein and deserve further experimental study...

..With its high repetitiveness and preserved mobile activity, it is proposed that CsRn1 may play a significant role in the genomic evolution of C. sinensis...

..Such comparative analyses of paralogous OR genes should provide bases for understanding the evolution, the structure, and the functional specificity of OR genes...

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