poverty

..ETS exposure is higher in households at or below poverty level and this same population has also been found to be at significantly increased risk for asthma morbidity, as ..

..has become an important cause of school absenteeism, hospitalization and mortality among populations living in poverty in the cities of the United States...

..has become an important cause of school absenteeism, hospitalization and mortality among populations living in poverty in the cities of the United States...

..has become an important cause of school absenteeism, hospitalization and mortality among populations living in poverty in the cities of the United States...

..economic status of the family? Finally we incorporate several child care programs that are targeted at the low income population. Our estimation methodology allows us to use our results to do simulations of the effects of various ..

..Mobility is associated with family separation, cultural changes, poverty, and related high risk behaviors which can spread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne ..

..with the improvement of health overall and with the reduction of health inequalities; map the distribution of poverty (both income and wealth) in the city and assess its spatial association with selected health and mortality ..

..with the improvement of health overall and with the reduction of health inequalities; map the distribution of poverty (both income and wealth) in the city and assess its spatial association with selected health and mortality ..

..median family household income for the sample was = $50,010 and 16% of the families were at or below the federal poverty threshold...

..revealed demonstrated profound disparities in Dental caries prevalence and severity based on race/ethnicity and poverty status...

..revealed demonstrated profound disparities in Dental caries prevalence and severity based on race/ethnicity and poverty status...

..center, and serves a population reflective of the fault lines of the epidemic in resource-constrained countries: poverty and disempowerment, the trauma and violence of chaotic urbanization and frequent civil disorder and inadequate ..

..of the New Hope Project, a random-assignment experiment designed to test the effects of an employment-based anti-poverty program on family functioning and child development, using both large-scale surveys and ethnographic qualitative ..

..But co-resident grandparents and their families are very likely to live in poverty and to spend over 30% of their income on rent, suggesting that they might also be at increased risks of poor ..

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the impact of living in poverty on children's development is as important as ever, given that the child poverty rate in the U.S...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Southeastern North Carolina is a rural area with concentrations of poverty and a large proportion of African-American residents...

..educational failure, there is heterogeneity in the educational outcomes of minority children who grow up in urban poverty. The search for protective factors, which might explain this within-group variability, has revealed family ..

..A large percentage of people with I/DD frequently live in poverty and have a lifetime need for supports...

..educational failure, there is heterogeneity in the educational outcomes of minority children who grow up in urban poverty. The search for protective factors, which might explain this within-group variability, has revealed family ..

..Beyond the effect of age group, other population-level demographic characteristics such as population density, poverty and household size may be important determinants of influenza spread and thus high priority targets...

..settings of care; half would be considered low SES based on education and one-third live in areas of high poverty. Our multidisciplinary team will conduct annual telephone follow-up interviews over five years post active-..

..Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

..Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

..types of medical research in significant ways including: stigma, institutionalization, cognitive deficits, and poverty. Research methods in clinical psychiatric research also routinely involve procedures that are rarer in other ..

..types of medical research in significant ways including: stigma, institutionalization, cognitive deficits, and poverty. Research methods in clinical psychiatric research also routinely involve procedures that are rarer in other ..

..versus subsistence agriculture), and gain access to the formal financial system is likely a key part of long-term poverty reduction and risk amelioration...

..S. homes. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age of home, geographic region, urbanization, poverty, race, observed mold and moisture problems, use of a dehumidifier and presence of pets were independent ..

..We seek to protect those in our society most vulnerable to toxin exposure those living in poverty, those with inadequate health care and migrant farm workers suffering occupational over exposure to pesticides...

..for developmental lags and poor school performance--problems exacerbated in urban settings with widespread poverty and limited institutional resources...

..The results will have important implications for questions related to poverty. The poverty rate in the U.S. increased between 1973 and 1992...

..Beyond the effect of age group, other population-level demographic characteristics such as population density, poverty and household size may be important determinants of influenza spread and thus high priority targets...

..at risk for developmental lags and poor school performance-problems exacerbated in urban settings with widespread poverty and limited institutional resources...

..b>Poverty, low literacy skills and rurality can lead to health disparities in cancer treatment, the ability to survive ..

..Identification of price effect on FAP participants' diet and health outcomes will have important policy implications. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

..African American communities in rural Georgia are characterized by chronic unemployment and poverty along with a dearth of health and educational resources...

..b>Poverty, urban farming, water and sanitation availability, increased population movement, deteriorating infrastructures, ..

..Neighborhood characteristics (income, poverty, racial/ethnic composition, employment, & residential stability) and processes (norms and collective efficacy, ..

..Some teams will address the integration from particular starting points (e.g., Migration, poverty, gender, and race as structural conditions linked to belief and behavior change), whereas others will be in ..

..based on analyses spanning from low birthweight to cancer incidence to mortality, was that the census tract poverty level most consistently detected expected socioeconomic gradients in health across a wide range of outcomes, and ..

..However, only about 29% of persons > 50 years from families with incomes below 200% of federal poverty level have ever had CRC screening compared to 36% among those in higher income brackets...

..in the South continue to be at high risk for HIV and face significant health disparities through poverty, unemployment, and homelessness...

..The applicant is an academic pediatrician who has worked in settings serving children in poverty since 1983. She has worked with African American, American Indian and Hispanic American populations...

..changes, numerous families continue to build their lives in rural communities, with many families living in poverty. There is surprisingly scant research on the development of children in rural poor areas and almost no literature ..

..Furthermore, despite the close associations between child neglect, poverty, and welfare use, there are many unanswered questions about why and how poverty or welfare use may matter in the ..

..mechanisms and related health issues is a major factor in population control and, indirectly, the eradication of poverty. Conversely studies in reproduction can also provide solutions to infertility...

..changes, numerous families continue to build their lives in rural communities, with many families living in poverty. There is surprisingly scant research on the development of children in rural poor areas and almost no literature ..

..Identification of price effect on FAP participants' diet and health outcomes will have important policy implications...

..mechanisms and related health issues is a major factor in population control and, indirectly, the eradication of poverty. Conversely studies in reproduction can also provide solutions to infertility...

..This study comprises AA smokers residing in public housing developments (HDs) whose income levels fall below the poverty threshold...

..b>Poverty and crime have disproportionately impacted ethnic minority communities (Reese et al., 2001)...

..assignment of 15 schools to conditions from a pool of 43 eligible schools of similar size, ethnic representation, poverty level, and achievement in adjacent high poverty neighborhoods...

..b>Poverty and crime have disproportionately impacted ethnic minority communities (Reese et al., 2001)...

..because disparities in oral health have led to substantially higher average disease prevalence among children in poverty and in underserved racial and ethnic groups...

..because disparities in oral health have led to substantially higher average disease prevalence among children in poverty and in underserved racial and ethnic groups...

..Nearly one of every five children (17.6 percent) is living in poverty. Poverty predicts a host of negative outcomes for children including depression, anxiety, hostility, aggression, ..

..The primary goal of this proposed DCISIR is to address the mental health needs of children living in urban poverty by advancing research and practice to support the inherent capacity of schools to promote children's mental ..

..For this group, we will conduct a second round of process and outcome evaluations. Also, for both groups, we will evaluate maintenance of weight loss 6 months post intervention...

..Also, for both groups, we will evaluate maintenance of weight loss 6 months post intervention. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

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..In particular, it appears that expanding access to dental benefits is key to improving the oral health of this population...

..The inequality is highest among seniors despite Medicare, intermediate among working-age adults, and lowest among children...

..Longitudinal research is necessary to determine how the relationship between food security and compensatory maternal feeding practices may affect child weight trajectories...

..Selection and racially shaped hierarchies are thus mutually constituted and account for an apparent equilibrium of neighborhood inequality...

..But the higher incidence of measured conditions and limits does not explain all of the relationships between income and overall health status, which suggests that unmeasured illnesses and injuries are also involved...

..Enhancement of educational attainment and access to health services and income support for those in greatest need appear to be particularly important pathways to improved population health...

..Systematic differences in the dental practices attended were evident, as a function of the person's race and income, differences that are associated with social disparities in oral health...

..Providers, Medicaid administrators, and schools must coordinate steps to encourage caregiver-controlled dental care, build trust, and link professional preventive dental care with caregiver responsibility for children's overall health...

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..4 million) of US children were reported to have SHCN, with the highest prevalence rates among children living in poverty and among Native American children...

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..The current political and economic environment threatens to undermine the ability of adolescents to access services through these important programs...

..In bivariate analyses, poor children (family incomes of <200% of the federal poverty level) were no more likely to receive free samples than were those with incomes of >or=400% of the poverty level (..

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..In this population with good primary care affordability, geographic proximity to general practitioner, rather than socioeconomic context of neighborhood, appeared to be the main factor limiting hepatitis C detection...

..Removing financial barriers is critical but may be insufficient for reducing preventable hospitalizations if other barriers are not also addressed...

..Insurance coverage expansions must be protected and coupled with continued efforts to narrow nonfinancial barriers to care...

..The findings indicate that the connection was weak between child health inequalities and family incomes, within the frame of time and the range of income changes that occurred during the study period...

..55% of the children were girls, 32% were nonwhite, 29% received Medicaid insurance, and 33% resided in areas of poverty. Children with prolonged hospital stay were significantly more likely to be of nonwhite race (odds ratio [OR]: 2...

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..08%; p=0.009). Policy decisions for improving diabetes outcomes should target barriers to health care access and focus on developing programs to help high-risk populations maintain a regular place of health care...

..CONCLUSION: Our findings, coupled with previous reports, suggest that the most serious problem concerning lack of dental insurance is among near-poor children. SCHIP has the potential to address dental coverage among near-poor children...

..Requiring income documentation did not reduce the proportion of ineligible households getting free or reduced-price meals. Furthermore, this requirement did reduce access to the program among eligible households...

..Disparities in certain measures of health are growing; to reverse this trend, substantial efforts are needed, including dissemination of information about disparities as well as testing of hypotheses regarding underlying causes...

This study examined whether the relationship between high poverty and infant mortality rates (IMRs) varied across race- and ethnic-specific populations in large urban areas...

..A review of rural health issues provides insight into the dental and general medical realities for 20 percent of the population of this country...

..Last, potential health policy solutions for nurses are noted...

..The challenge will be to meet the "usual" oral health needs of community youngsters--family members whose heritage and culture may be quite different from those of the practitioner and staff...

..Gradients are somewhat stronger for DAs. Place effects are somewhat stronger for deprivation indices than the measure of median income...

..This article describes SES measures, strengths and limitations of specific approaches and methodological issues related to the analysis and interpretation of studies that examine SES and health disparities...

..I argue that the existence of the gradient strengthens the case for income redistribution in favor of the poor but that targeting health inequalities would not be sound policy...

..of grandparents committed to raising their grandchildren despite the fact that many were living in extreme poverty, with ill health, and with limited resources and services...

..Additional efforts to improve coverage of services that are not now well-covered, such as dental care, would also be valuable...

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..After we controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, poverty, age, health, and education and included county fixed effects to account for unobserved county characteristics ..

..Children with developmental disabilities face even more perceived barriers to care based on family income...

..for publicly funded coverage: those who were Medicaid-eligible (income pound 133 percent of the federal poverty level [FPL]) , those who were SCHIP-eligible (134-200 percent of FPL) , and those with family in comes that ..

..Emphasis should be placed on the role breastfeeding can play in preventing childhood illnesses...

..These findings call for more equity-balanced parasitic disease control interventions, which in turn might be an important strategy for poverty alleviation.

..CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to health care can be insurmountable for low-income families, even those with insurance coverage. Patients who do not seek care in a family medicine clinic are not necessarily getting their care elsewhere...

..country with the second worst level of inequality in terms of income distribution and with the highest level of poverty in the European Union (EU)...

..There is also a need for studies to identify which service delivery mechanisms are effective in the Malawian context...

..of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is located, Manguinhos consists of 12 "communities" characterized by poverty, social exclusion, drug traffic, and structural violence...

..To encourage participation, nutrition professionals should collaborate with local residents to develop and implement community-based food programs...

..We suggest that fixing the broken windows of school disorderliness may have a significant, positive impact on adolescents' feelings of safety...

..Further research to understand racial/ethnic and economic health disparities could benefit from a focus on the contributory role of neighborhood attributes associated with the dimensions segregation and other social geographies...

..Study findings are being used to modify social marketing campaigns and improve provider trainings regarding prenatal HIV testing...

..Obesity and family exposure to these behaviors places women at increased risk of unhealthy behaviors. Interventions designed to reduce obesity must include precautions regarding the dangers of these practices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III..

..SEP was measured by using education and poverty income ratio (PIR). Metabolic syndrome was measured according to the National Institutes of Health guidelines...

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..Findings provide evidence that established early education programs can have enduring effects on general well-being into adulthood...

..mineral content (BMC) adjusted for bone and body size and three economic indicators: education, height and the poverty income ratio (PIR)...

..The use of the Profiles of Student Life instrument may not be useful in community assessment with inner city, racially diverse populations...

..Implications for improving asthma management for low-income children with persistent asthma are discussed, including the utility of multidisciplinary interventions that combine asthma education with family therapy...