surgical wound infection

..infection rates in conjunction with the costs to treat these patients (an average $2,300/episode), surgical wound infection results in an annual cost to the healthcare system of greater than $5 billion...

..This hypothesis will be tested in staphylococcal animal models of subcutaneous abscess formation and surgical wound infection. These models are clinically relevant, low-inoculum murine models of staphylococcal disease that mimic ..

..We will thus test the hypothesis that the incidence of postoperative wound infection will be less in patients given 60% nitrous oxide than in those given 60% nitrogen during elective ..

..Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic effective against Gram-positive organisms, was proved to be effective in reducing the rates of nasal colonization of S. aureus and decreased postoperative nosocomial infections due to S. aureus...

..Perioperative prophylaxis with 1 g ceftriaxone i.v. decreases postoperative infection rates. Although not all infections have to be treated with antibiotics, there are pharmacoeconomic advantages of such prophylaxis...

..Age and body mass index did not differ between patients with and without surgical site infection. CONCLUSION: The analysis of our series demonstrated the difficulties in conducting long-term surveillance...

..77.5% vs. 55% P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: This data supports the use of a prolonged 5-day course of combined antibiotics after major lower limb amputation. This appears to reduce stump infection rates leading to shorter in-hospital stay...

..A major fall in the incidence of nosocomial infections can be achieved by focussing on adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, pretreatment and appropriate treatment of acute infections...

..It offers a shorter healing time and probably makes late cardiac reoperation safer. We propose an algorithm for the management of poststernotomy complications...

..7%) were the recorded complications in group II. Antibiotics were modified in 3 out of 109 patients. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative peritoneal cultures during appendicectomy do not significantly contribute towards patient management...

..Azithromycin might be of value for prophylactic use in impacted mandibular third-molar surgery in which penicillins and cephalosporins were mainly used. Therefore, it might be available for one of the rotational agents...

..In situations in which the only purpose of PAP is to prevent infrequent and relatively benign infections, the risks may outweigh the benefits in some elderly patients...

..Clindamycin applied in a single preoperative dose of 600 mg with or without subsequent 5-day therapy does not demonstrate efficacy in prophylaxis for postoperative inflammatory complications after third molar surgery...

..Primary closure of dural tear remains the standard of care. Furthermore, in select cases, prolonged JP drainage in the setting of postoperative CSF leak may be a useful technique for the treatment of these leaks...

..Prophylaxis was beneficial in simpler procedures and may be indicated in cases where ostectomy is not performed...

..02). Our data suggest that use of vancomycin as prophylactic agent for cerebrospinal shunt placement reduces the rate of shunt infections in the context of high prevalence of MRSA...

..CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative UTI was the most important risk factor for SSI following urological operations. It is most likely that the bacteria in the urine contaminated the surgical fields and the AMP resistant strains produced SSI...

..Interestingly, albumin and age were significantly associated with death within 28 days, in addition to early infection, showing the predictive association between these factors and early death...

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..6% in those eligible for and given antibiotics. However, the overall incidence of febrile morbidity remained at around 16-18%...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative antibiotics, usually administered as a single dose, are sufficient for the prevention of major wound infection after cochlear implant surgery...

..The duration of the clinical signs of hip disease prior to THR was significantly greater for those cases with a positive culture (P=0.034). The incidence of positive cultures was not related to surgical success...

..Careful definitions, ongoing surveillance, and long-term follow-up are helpful in reporting results of infection control interventions...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Infectious complications of ERCP can be kept to a minimum with a limited use of prophylactic antibiotics...

..However, this was not reflected by a similar rate of postoperative infection. This may be due to a small bacterial inoculum in each case or may be due to the therapeutic effect of perioperative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis...

..Excellent outcomes can be obtained, but results are usually lower than with uncomplicated cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series...

..CONCLUSIONS: When cefuroxime is used as a prophylactic antibiotic, administration 59 to 30 minutes before incision is more effective than administration during the last half hour...

..CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis is generally overprescribed (i.e., given for too long). Short-duration prophylaxis is effective and safe...

..Specific criteria in the choice of correct antibiotic prophylaxis have to be respected, on the basis of the microorganisms usually found in the surgical site, and on the specific hospital microbiologic epidemiology...

..The efficacy of clean air technology was supported, and it is recommended that all measures that may reduce the incidence of deep infection be employed...

..838; P <0.001, respectively). These results indicate that local instillation of fusidic acid in the pleural space prior to lung resection seems effective in reducing the rate of septic complications as well as of wound infections...

..The use of antibiotics such as vancomycin, wound irrigation, curettage and sequestrectomy were effective in eradicating the infection. MRSA, when it occurred in the maxilla, was mostly limited to colonization...

..Surgery was successful in 157 of 163 (96%) cases. Of 6 failures, none were associated with postoperative wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: Selective use of antibiotics limited to patients with signs of lacrimal sac inflammation ..

..These findings warrant a large, prospective, randomized clinical trial to validate our findings and to investigate further the necessity of MBP in the pediatric population...

..Twenty-four (29%) dogs received antimicrobials after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Certain discrepancies between antimicrobial use practices in this study and standard guidelines used in human medicine were evident...

..This dosing did not result in increased neonatal septic workups or complications...

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..Thus, by modulating these variables, investigators may create interventions aimed at reducing S. aureus nasal carriage and ultimately, postoperative nosocomial infections...

..Although we do not have either the randomized, controlled trials or the detailed, patient-specific information to estimate this balance precisely, there are general guidelines to help the clinician choose treatment for most patients...

..In addition, recommendations surrounding endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection prophylaxis are presented as they apply to dermatologic surgery...

..Prolonging the use of antibiotics can lead to unnecessary antibiotic related complications...

..77; 95% confidence interval: 0.056-0.95). PCR screening combined with suppression of MRSA at the time of cardiac surgery is feasible in routine clinical practice and is associated with a significant reduction in subsequent MRSA SSIs...

..6%) of 83 patients from nursing or residential homes or long-term-care facilities were colonized (P = .001). Routine prophylaxis with vancomycin is recommended in the latter group...

..These results support the application of preventive interventions to reduce nosocomial infections in this setting...

..While clinical guidelines are provided for use in the diagnosis and management of postoperative infections, these recommendations are intended for general direction and not as an exclusive management plan...

..aureus surgical-site infections overall, but it did significantly decrease the rate of all nosocomial S. aureus infections among the patients who were S. aureus carriers...

..The effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the Staphylococcus aureus infection rate in carriers should be determined in future studies...

..The limitations of the current scheme may partly explain why current guidelines are so seldom followed in clinical practice...

..The results of the present study suggest the need for continuous and accurate monitoring of post-surgical infections and the need to adopt appropriate guidelines to improve the management of surgical prophylaxis...

..4% (95% CI: 4.3-6.5) and 4.6% (95% CI: 3.6-5.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention led to improved quality of surgical prophylaxis and to reduced antibiotic use and costs without impairment of patient outcome...

..There was a crucial proportion of operations that did not comply with the antibiotic guidelines. The risk factors for SSI identified in this study were consistent with most other reports...

..CONCLUSION: There is still great uncertainty regarding the point in time at which PAP should be administered and its duration. Additional efforts are necessary to improve PAP in accordance with published evidence-based guidelines...

..5% of operations), while postoperative antibiotic use was common. SSI is an important problem in the Republic of Georgia. Potential areas for intervention include antibiotic prophylaxis and shaving practices for skin preparation...

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..82).There were 2 perinatal deaths in each group. One dose of ceftriaxone was as effective as ampicillin/ cloxacillin in preventing post-caesarean section complications and is easier to administer...