infection

Demonstrated that rabbit antibodies targeting the HIV-1 gp41 heptad repeats can inhibit viral fusion and infection of primary cells...

..D.) 15 Project 3: Viral Chemokine Signaling in HHV-8 Infection (John Nicholas, Ph.D.) 21 Project 4: LANA-1 Mediated Negative Regulation of Gene Expression (Diane Hayward, Ph.D...

..been prophylaxis against complications (in eczema, immunodeficiency, pregnancy), and treatment of disseminated infection after vaccination (progressive vaccinia and eczema vaccinatum) (CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,..

..Macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection as targets for virus replication and as sources of multifunctional cytokines...

..way either to monitor the safety, potency, and consistency of a product or to assess the immune response to infection or immunization...

..anthracis infection. Bacillus anthracis is a Gram (+) rod...

..The ability to acquire iron during an infection is essential for many bacterial pathogens to cause disease...

..In addition, in utero fetal infection by RV in the first trimester of pregnancy can cause fetal teratogenesis...

..We know that envelope is a target of potent neutralizing antibodies made by people after infection. A mixture of just three human monoclonal antibodies to envelope is capable of protecting monkeys against ..

..the world, in order to determine the role of HBV mutations in the failure to detect occasional donors with HBV infection. Seroepidemiology and Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B and C Viruses...

..a syndrome and determined that at least 25% of preterm neonates are born to women with sub-clinical intrauterine infection. The Branch has also provided evidence that many premature neonates are critically ill before birth and proposed ..

..chemokine receptor expression and function that ultimately influence both susceptibility to and outcome of HIV infection in T cells and macrophages...

..that a cocktail of TB DNA vaccines is as effective as the current vaccine, BCG, in the mouse aerosol infection model...

..with glycoconjugate vaccines may serve as an alternative and convenient approach for prevention of pneumococcal infection. Most antigens are poor mucosal immunogens and need effective adjuvants...

..differences observed in vitro result in functional consequences in vivo, including responses to intracellular infection. (2) Overexpression models: Methods are being developed to overexpress Stat4 and T-bet in APC using transfection ..

..Each of the animals tested developed a serum neutralizing antibody response and was protected from re-infection 28 days following primary infection...

..gambiae. The susceptibility to bacterial infection of three different A...

..tuberculosis infection, the contribution of Toll-like receptors to initiation of resistance to Francsella infection, and the role of B ..

..Unexpectedly, EV GP appeared to be functional for mediating infection of the vector particle...

..As their name suggests, the TBFV viruses are transmitted by ticks, and following infection of humans, cause encephalitis, meningitis or hemorrhagic fevers resulting in approximately 10 000 ..

..HIV-1 infection is initiated by entry of the virus into host cells...

..Scripps Institute) we have studied in chimpanzees the mechanism by which the host clears a hepatitis B virus infection and the relationship of these mechanisms to clinical disease...

..To study the expression and function of HIV-1 co-receptors on primary human cells known to be targets for HIV-1 infection, and to study the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the function of the HIV-1 co-receptors and ..

..3. Identification of Bacillus anthracis virulence genes that are essential for survival following experimental infection 4. Development of an animal model of B. anthracis infection. Bacillus anthracis is a Gram (+) rod...

..These findings are relevant to the management of infection, taking advantage of the observations that gram-negative bacteria with defective heptose biosynthesis have ..

..prophylactic strategies for AIDS is an experimental animal model in which the course of immunodeficiency virus infection parallels the pathogenesis of the human disease...

..intolerance rather than immunity following DNA vaccination (thereby increasing the host's susceptibility to infection) and d) potentiate the development of autoimmune response: II. STUDIES OF IMMUNOGENICITY/ACTIVITY...

..Humoral immunity. We have shown that humoral immunity is not important in the control of acute infection, since neutralizing antibodies (NtAb), as measured against pseudotyped retroviruses bearing the HCV genotype 1a ..

..12 tuberculosis DNA vaccines that we have tested induce protective immune responses in murine primary aerogenic infection models. However, the level of protection for single vaccines is less than the level of protection evoked by BCG...

..provided by applicant): We propose to develop a rapid, low cost, threshold assay for the detection of HIV infection of HIV vaccination trial participants...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Injection drug use continues to be an important factor in HIV-1 infection and transmission worldwide. Over 25% of AIDS cases in the US are currently attributable to injection drug use...

..Following infection, the Gag proteins play a central role in uncoating and assist in the reverse transcription process...

..This animal became infected on rechallenge when the antibody titer dropped and the animal developed a persistent infection. A similar vaccine was used in a recovered chimp and it induced a sustained high level antibody response which ..

We are studying infection by human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and the human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 (HPIV1, 2 and 3) in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE), in collaboration ..

The infection of macaques by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) results in many of the characteristics of HIV infection and progression to AIDS in humans, including loss of CD4+ T cells and susceptibility to opportunistic infections...

Although antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, it has not eliminated HIV-related complications, such as opportunistic infections and malignancies...

Enteric infections remain a leading cause of childhood mortality in developing countries. In regions where HIV infection is prevalent, enteric infections and persistent diarrhea have even greater public health importance...

Enteric infections remain a leading cause of childhood mortality in developing countries. In regions where HIV infection is prevalent, enteric infections and persistent diarrhea have even greater public health importance...

Southern Japan and the Carribean are both endemic for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection. In these areas, however, epidemiology of HTLV-I appears to differ...

..Project #1 will use the Epstein Barr model of persistent viral infection to characterize the lineage relationship between effector and memory responses and the factors that influence ..

..specific objectives are to define the unique epidemiologic, clinical, virologic, and immunologic features of HIV infection in developing countries, to determine the viral kinetics associated with perinatal and heterosexual transmission,..

..These cells can also limit the magnitude of effector responses which result in failure to adequately control infection. Furthermore, there are clear evidences that the efficiency of vaccines can also be hampered by the presence of ..

..We have previously reported the molecular evolution of the circulating HCV genomes after one year of infection and observed mutation rates of approximately 1.5E-3.0 nucleotide (nt) substitutions/site/year...

..developing a chimeric mouse/chimpanzee liver model that will be useful for a variety of studies that include HCV infection. The innate immune system, particularly the role of interferon and interferon resistance in HCV is also being ..

..for more than three years in a coordinated research effort aimed at unraveling the mechanisms whereby HIV infection results in progressive immune deficiency...

Chimeric mouse/chimpanzee liver models: This mouse model is being developed to study HCV virus infection. The basic principle of the model is to induce death of the mouse hepatocytes...

..high titer stocks of cell culture infectious HCV) to study and characterize nAbs in patients who resolve acute infection. These studies will be done in close collaboration with Dr. Wright and the acute IDU cohort of Dr...

This project deals with both laboratory and clinical aspects of infection caused by the intestinal nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis...

..to the restoration of T cells in immune compromised individuals and how these factors are affected by HIV infection. Some of the vaccine candidates that are under development incorporate human cytokines, such as IL-2 and GM-CSF...

An experimental animal model in which the course of immunodeficiency virus infection parallels the pathogenesis of the human disease is critical for the study of human AIDS...

..and assembly, particularly in macrophages, and in developing an effective strategy to prevent and/or inhibit infection. Immunodeficiency, the consequence of HIV-1 infection, predisposes the host to opportunistic infections...

..high titer stocks of cell culture infectious HCV) to study and characterize nAbs in patients who resolve acute infection. These studies will be done in close collaboration with Dr. Wright and the acute IDU cohort of Dr...

..high titer stocks of cell culture infectious HCV) to study and characterize nAbs in patients who resolve acute infection. These studies will be done in close collaboration with Dr. Wright and the acute IDU cohort of Dr...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Co-infection with Hepatitis C (HCV) is becoming the main cause of death in HIV-infected patients in the United States. Among drug users the proportion of HIV/HCV co-infection is 50%-90%...

..This is a resubmission of a renewal of a Program Project Grant (PPG) application to study the mucosal barrier in infection and inflammation...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Co-infection with Hepatitis C (HCV) is becoming the main cause of death in HIV-infected patients in the United States. Among drug users the proportion of HIV/HCV co-infection is 50%-90%...

..The TMRC program has three main goals :1-Describe the natural history of L. major infection as expressed in an endemic area especially with regard to asymptomatic infection ...

..In particular, they may differentially affect CCR5-using HIV-1 (R5), which selectively transmits infection and dominates its early stages, and CXCR4-using HIV-1 (X4), which often evolves at the late stages of the ..

..stems from the data that IFNa receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1)-null mice are not overly sensitive to Leishmania infection compared to wild type animals...

..stems from the data that IFNa receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1)-null mice are not overly sensitive to Leishmania infection compared to wild type animals...

..The end-stage liver diseases caused by hepatitis viral infection is now one of the major causes of death (>50%) in HIV patients...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infection is a major problem affecting function and longevity of dialysis catheters. Catheter-related sepsis occurs at alarmingly high rates, and often necessitates intervention or catheter removal...

PURPOSE: Splenectomized patients are known to be at risk of severe infection, but the extent of risk is unclear. We evaluated the incidence of severe infection and survival in 1648 splenectomized patients...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric cancer patients face an increased risk of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). To date, no prospective multicenter studies have been published on this topic...

..Acquired risk factors including major surgery, angiography, central venous catheter, systemic infection, and hypoxia were identified in 49 of the 59 patients...

..These factors associated with frequent malnutrition and recurrent infectious diseases, greatly lower cure rates in comparison with industrialized countries...

..The differences in complication rates (infection, hematoma, mechanical failure, and extravasation) between immediate versus delayed access remain unknown...

..With increased follow-up, development of late effects and of psycho-social disturbance are of major concern. While the use of single-dose TBI has now been abandoned, other risk factors are still of concern in the early 2000s...

..These observations must be further expanded in prospective studies so that new tailored supportive care protocols can be elaborated...

..To prevent this potential risk and to minimize the risk of infection, we developed a percutaneous long-tunneled ventricular drainage (PLTVD)...

BACKGROUND: Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with malignancy...

..One of them had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with a history of infection and one patient had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with factor VIII elevation...

BACKGROUND: Early catheter-related infection is a serious complication in cancer treatment, although risk factors for its occurrence are not well established...

..The diagnosis approach should be based on complementary exams of first and second stage because of their high number and cost. Prognosis of fever of unknown origin is often favorable...

..In 73% of the adolescents, there was at least one risk factor. The four most common underlying disorders were infection, malignancy, connective tissue and cardiac disorders, in decreasing order of frequency...

..Significant space-time clustering was also evident for soft tissue sarcomas (p = 0.03) and osteosarcomas (p = 0.02). Results support other evidence suggesting a role for infections in the aetiology of these particular diagnostic groups...

..the presence or otherwise of cardiac tamponade, between those with idiopathic aetiology and those with bacterial infection. Of the patients with presumed bacterial pericarditis, five (42%) had both positive blood and pericardial fluid ..

Reliably predicting infection soon after craniotomies would prevent infection and reduce treatment costs and hospitalization expenses...

..No death or major complication occurred. None of the patients had to be rehospitalized for recurrent fever or infection. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of intravenous antibiotics regardless of ANC or evidence of bone marrow recovery ..

..Ten patients had favourable responses, and infection resolved in nine patients...

..No patient had veno-occlusive disease. The programme was overwhelmingly endorsed by patients and/or parents but required intensive multidisciplinary counselling to ensure success...

..CONCLUSIONS: Helium-oxygen therapy is a useful adjunct therapy for upper airway obstruction. Controlled clinical trials are necessary to better define the appropriate settings for use of helium-oxygen...

..8%) originating a cervical subcutaneous haematoma in 1 patient (0.8%). Late complications were represented by infection in 7 cases (5.7%)...

..Children with CVCs commonly experience two other CVC-related complications: occlusion and infection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of these two complications and their association with DVT...

..These data suggest that treatment with ATG can be an active therapy, especially in patients with skin GVHD and early signs of steroid resistance...

..We conclude that early detection of primary graft failure (PGF), followed by measures attempting to promote hematopoietic recovery (eg use of growth factors, further infusion of stem cells) may decrease mortality...

..RESULTS: The infection rate of the whole series was low (0...

..Out of 44 patients, 30 (68%) died from pneumonia, 7/44 (16%) from sepsis, 5/44 (11%) from central nervous system infection and 2/44 (4.5%) from disseminated varicella. The cumulative incidences of different types of infection were 1...

..Multivariate analysis identified exit-site infection and residual urine volume as strong independent predictors...

..Most of our patients were female, and most cases were preceded by infection. Bone marrow studies support the diagnosis. Deranged renal function may be a poor prognostic sign...

..cases, the presence of at least 3 respiratory symptoms/signs, tracheal and vascular compression, and infection significantly increased the risk of GA. Of these, tracheal compression remained the strongest predictive factor...

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a descriptive study with an analysis of risk factors for early infection in liver transplant patients, and to determine the resistance of the bacteria involved...

..8% of them and in 9.6% the complication led to the removal of the catheter. The most frequent complications were infection (63.9%), obstruction (26.2%), accidental failure (8.2%), and rupture (1.6%). An overall incidence of 1.17 (0...

..07-2.81; P equals .02) and sirolimus use (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.00-7.36; P equals .05) were predictive of lung infection. Death occurred during the study period in 95 (30%) of 313 patients, with a cumulative incidence of 71% at 18 ..

..We conclude that, for children with SAA, AD transplantation is as effective as MSD transplantation. Further, compared with ATG, preparatory regimens containing Campath may be associated with a lower incidence of extensive, chronic GHVD...

..In conclusion, these findings are consistent with common, possibly infectious, aetiological mechanisms for childhood leukaemia (particularly ALL) and CNS tumours (particularly astrocytoma)...

....

..Telomere shortening is involved in ageing of cells. Inflammation and infection result in telomere shortening in immune cells...

..6(0.4-0.9)), neonatal infection in boys (OR: 5.5(1.4-21.8)), neonatal infection in girls (OR: 0.6(0.1-3.0)), amniocentesis (OR: 1.6(1.0-2...

..1% Nissen and 88.2% Watson were judged good/excellent; 14.9% Nissen and 11.8% Watson were judged poor/bad. CONCLUSION: Watson fundoplication can safely be performed in children with comparable clinical outcome to Nissen fundoplication...

..LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level 4 (case series [no or historical control group])...

..05). Results persisted for cases diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and for children diagnosed at 1-5 years of age. These findings suggest a role for early immunologic challenge in the expression of childhood leukemia...

..CONCLUSION: Intercountry adopted children had an increased risk of health care utilization and an increased average use of health services. Further investigation is required in order to obtain information about the type of utilization...

..Three of these 38 SEDs were complicated by infection. In one more child the external drainage was complicated by a chronic subdural haematoma...

..This is consistent with an infectious hypothesis where absence of stimulation to the developing immune system increases vulnerability to late infectious exposure, which may precipitate diabetes...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adenoviral infection in pediatric small bowel transplantation (SBT) recipients, examine risk factors for progression to histologic disease, and examine the impact ..

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Fulminant, potentially life-threatening infection represents a major long-term risk after splenectomy...

..CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of acute seizures in children living in this malaria endemic area of Kenya. The most important causes are diseases that are preventable with available public health programs...

..A wide range of DNSI was encountered in our series. Ludwig's angina was the most commonly encountered infection seen in 38 (37%) patients, whereas prevertebral abscess was only seen in 1 (1%) patient...

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..We conclude that basiliximab provides safe and effective induction immunosuppression in pediatric liver graft recipients. Short- and even long-term results are excellent...

..Of the 222 episodes, 98 (44%) had documented focus of infection; the rest were fever without focus...

OBJECTIVES: Infection during the induction phase of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality...

..The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with >or=1 validated acute sinopulmonary infection during the treatment period...

..Outcome was primarily determined by the underlying malignancy and the patient's neurologic condition...

..In contrast to former reports, faster engraftment did not influence the incidence of documented infection or neutropenic fever, whereas high age (age > or = 50 years old) and delayed platelet recovery (> or = 18 days) ..

Appropriate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment is essential for host defense against infection. We investigated the significance of the preoperative PMN adhesion-migration process, as assessed by the flow chamber method, on ..