animal salmonella infections

..Many sero- and phage types found in humans were also found in cattle, pigs, and poultry suggesting that food producing animals are an important source of human non-typhoid Salmonella infection in Vietnam...

..Vertical egg transmission by the Pullorum strain was significantly reduced in the vaccinated groups of hens. The Oilvax SET can be a useful tool in the control of Salmonella egg contamination in laying hens...

..In general, similar sero- and phage types were found in humans and animals, although distinct types were more common in animals. Between the animal species, the sero- and phage type distributions varied considerably...

..enteritidis infection. These results indicate that prior infection of a flock with a non-S. enteritidis paratyphoid Salmonella can reduce S. enteritidis problems that may occur during a molt...

..The substantial level of cross-protection between serovars and the level of antigenic cross-reactivity indicates the potential for single serovar live vaccines to protect against both group B and D salmonellae...

..Detection of large clusters of Salmonella may have public health implications in addition to animal health concerns...

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..typhimurium significantly less often than the ELISA. The fluorescence polarization assay also offered advantages in terms of speed and methodologic simplicity...

..This finding indicates that there could be an increase in environmental contamination under certain conditions...

..All four S. heidelberg strains were recovered from the interior liquid contents of eggs laid by infected hens, although at lower frequencies (between 1.1% and 4.5%) than the S. enteritidis strain (7.0%)...

..The vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and serologic examination. In this field study, no evidence was found for the fecal spread of the vaccine strain...

..Typhimurium DT104 was low in the examined slaughter pig herds. The herd true prevalence (HTP) of Salmonella spp. in pigs had declined from before the start of the DSCP in 1993/1994 to 4 years later (1998)...

..Derby, and S. Weltevreden. S. Javiana and S. Weltevreden were detected together in pigs, chickens, and ducks. These results indicate that the serovars of Salmonella are widely distributed in domestic animals in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam...

..Moreover, roof rats appear to be the most important vectors in the spread of S. enteritidis in the windowless hen house because the S. enteritidis PTs coincide with each other...

..gallinarum and serological response compared to noninfected chickens. Moreover, our study shows that S. enteritidis infected chickens appear strong competitive exclusion against the colonization of S. gallinarum...

..An internal fragment of the rpoS gene was sequenced in three strains. These all showed an identical sequence to a published S. typhimurium rpoS gene...

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..Factors influencing this appear to include innate immune function, MHC and Nramp. In pigs several immune factors, including polymorphonuclear cell activity, have been shown to influence resistance...

..Molecular characterisation of isolates suggested that S. Typhimurium infection in wild passerines is maintained within wild bird populations and the causative strains may be host-adapted...

..They also demonstrate that PMN induction is not necessarily associated with clinical symptoms and/or intestinal pathology...

..These findings are significant for public and animal health risks and document the dissemination of DT104 epidemic strains into new geographical regions...

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..enterica serovar Typhimurium triple mutant was significantly attenuated in the mouse model. Salmochelins appear not to be involved in the virulence of S. enterica...

..These findings showed the opportunity to raise IgY antibody against 2 Salmonella serovars in the same yolk and that FA was more efficient than IM in mediating antibody response...

..These studies indicate that immunization of hens with a live S. typhimurium vaccine could help reduce S. enteritidis problems during a molt situation...

..Mutations in phoP- or phoP-regulated genes may therefore be used for the development of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines possessing these novel characteristics...

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..No differences were observed in mast cell number in either Expt. 2 or 3. These data provide evidence that prophylactic or therapeutic dietary capsaisin differentially affects broiler susceptibility to Salmonella...

..Therefore, for the detection of chicken flocks recently infected with SE or ST, bacteriological examination currently used in France seems to be more appropriate than this ELISA...

..Data suggest that Salmonella may differentially invade ovarian follicles depending on maturity of the follicle, and that SWF may be more susceptible to S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis invasion than either the SYF or the LYF...

..This suggests the possibility that salmonellosis resistant-line macrophages signal more effectively and rapidly and are more able to induce protective Th1 adaptive responses...

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..Further phenotypic and molecular comparison of drug-resistant isolates of these serotypes may be required to ascertain the sources of strains responsible for infections in humans...

..In chickens, the number of reports of S Enteritidis PT4 peaked in 1998 at 34 incidents, but no incidents were reported in the following three years...

..This ability may be important for the association of PT4 infection with the consumption of eggs...

..The presence of the three identical PFGE molecular types from human and broiler-chicken NTS isolates suggests the possibility of transmission from livestock to humans...

..This study has also highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with animals and humans...

..These include S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, S. Montevideo, S. Saintpaul, and S. I 4,[5],12:i:-...

..This led us to the conclusion that strains of the S. enterica 4,5,12:i:- serovar might have originated from an S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT U302 strain...

..This feature of the development of protective immunity needs to be considered when developing vaccines for the broiler sector of the poultry industry...

..Addition of egg yolk powder to the regular feed at a concentration of 7.5 to 10% (wt/wt) may be a simple means of reducing or inhibiting S. typhimurium, C. jejuni, and E. coli O157:H7 colonization in laying hens...

..enterica serovar Typhimurium without spiking; dose-response curves of spiked excretal samples from university-raised poultry gave limits of detection of 8 x 10(3) CFU/g...

..Enteritidis and S. Infantis and that persistent S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis infections in a rat population may play an important role in the spread and maintenance of these pathogens inside the layer premises...

..The use of a quantitative method assisted the identification of problem areas, such as those with a high initial bacterial load or those experiencing only a modest reduction in bacterial count following decontamination...

..enteritidis to the vagina may play a significant role in the production of many S. enteritidis-contaminated eggs...

..enteritidis-contaminated eggs recently. The ability of S. enteritidis to colonize the reproductive organs may be one of the reasons that egg contamination with S. enteritidis has increased...

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..This indicates that S. Pullorum requires SPI 2 for virulence and persistence but SPI 1 appears to contribute to, but is not essential for, the virulence of S. Pullorum...

..These associations, after adjusting for the caecal or serological result, would suggest the occurrence of abattoir effects, such varying residual levels of abattoir contamination, which are independent of the individual pig status...

..In an F1 generation resistance was dominant and not sex-linked. There was no MHC linkage or any association with SAL1, the gene implicated in resistance to systemic salmonellosis in chickens, or NRAMP1...

..Further work is needed to elucidate how mar is involved in virulence and if its inactivation can minimise the ability of bacteria to become antibiotic-resistant in vivo...

..6. A more detailed genetic analysis of the isolates by a multiple typing approach allowed for further strain differentiation, and allowed some epidemiological conclusions to be drawn...

..Gallinarum. Therefore, S. Gallinarum antigens must be added to the S. Pullorum antigens used in the RSA test in order to detect antibodies produced by birds infected with either biovar...

..The technique described allows the issue of poultry house contamination to be examined from a new perspective...

..4%) than did the parent strains (3.3%). However, the duration of fecal shedding and the frequency of egg contamination were not correlated for any of the Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg strains...