cattle

..of naturally-occurring human anthrax worldwide usually following the ingestion of contaminated meat from infected cattle. However, deliberate contamination of food after it is cooked, before cooking if a non-sporocidal temperature is ..

..mycobacterial theory is based on the significant similarity between CD and Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in cattle that is caused by MAP...

..Although rare, the recent outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy(BSE) in cattle and Chronic Wasting disease (CWD) in cervids and the transmission of the disease from cattle to humans have caused ..

..Microparticles are found in many other substances than soil. Meat and bone meal (MBM), a commonly used cattle food supplement thought responsible for BSE in Europe...

..Natural infection has been confirmed only in horses, sheep, cattle, birds, and cats; however, primates can be infected experimentally...

..herpesviruses pose a significant economic impact to poultry (Marek's and others), swine (pseudorabies virus), cattle (several bovine herpesviruses) and horses (several equine herpesviruses)...

..herpesviruses are of significant economic importance to poultry (Marek's and others), swine (pseudorabies virus), cattle (several bovine herpesviruses) and horses (several equine herpesviruses)...

..plan to study three strains of prions passaged in mice: RML and 301V, which originated from sheep with scrapie and cattle with BSE, respectively, plus a novel synthetic strain MoSP1, which is the most stable strain reported to date...

..In addition, animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa contributes to a severe deficit of milk and other cattle products...

..Animal herpes significant economic importance to the poultry (Marek's and others), swine (pseudorabies virus), cattle (several bovine herpesviruses) and horses (several equine herpesviruses)...

..and spread across the Red Sea to Saudi Arabia and Yemen, causing devastating disease outbreaks in sheep and cattle. The RVFV has potential for use in bioterrorism, and its projected effect on U.S...

..including syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, leptospirosis, periodontal disease, digital dermatitis of cattle, and swine and human dysentery. Historically, spirochetes have been difficult to study...

..including syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, leptospirosis, periodontal disease, digital dermatitis of cattle, and swine and human dysentery. Historically, spirochetes have been difficult to study...

..The incidence of immune-mediated abortion and placental insufficiency in both humans and cattle are greatly increased with the use of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization...

..protozoan pathogens and infected ticks transmit pathogens to the mammalian host during feeding, causing human and cattle disease worldwide...

..abattoirs, meatpacking plants and supermarkets where exposure to these transmissible agents occurred from handling cattle, pigs and sheep or their products, and an unexposed control group of 6,078 subjects without such exposures...

..abattoirs, meatpacking plants and supermarkets where exposure to these transmissible agents occurred from handling cattle, pigs and sheep or their products, and an unexposed control group of 6,078 subjects without such exposures...

..Schistosoma japonicum is found in southeast Asia and China and is a zoonotic disease, infecting water buffalo, cattle and other livestock as well as man...

..By testing cattle that express a diverse repertoire of class II haplotypes, representative of the diversity of MHC class II ..

..The same vaccine or its modified version can also be used in agricultural industries to vaccinate cattle. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available.

..include chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk, scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and kuru in humans...

..Vaccination of cattle with bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV4) L2 11-200 protects against BPV4 challenge on the soft palate...

..The same vaccine or its modified version can also be used in agricultural industries to vaccinate cattle.

..the presence of heat-stable biological and estrogenic activity in extracts of meat derived from Z-treated cattle. These experimental data provide a putative link between the long-term dietary exposure to low-levels of Z and ..

..In animal TSE, such as scrapie in sheep and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, it is believed that the PrP sc enters the host through the gastrointestinal tract, migrates to the spleen, and ..

..disease, fatal familial insomnia and Kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and chronic wasting disease in deer and elk. While rare, these diseases are always fatal...

..disease, fatal familial insomnia and Kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and chronic wasting disease in deer and elk. While rare, these diseases are always fatal...

..agents of African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in humans and a wasting and fatal disease (Nagana) in cattle, domestic pigs and other farm animals causing a profound effect on the economy of much of the continent...

..agents of African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in humans and a wasting and fatal disease (Nagana) in cattle, domestic pigs and other farm animals causing a profound effect on the economy of much of the continent...

..be transmitted to humans directly (Aim 1)? Can CWD be transmitted to humans after passage through secondary hosts (cattle or sheep) (Aim 2)? Has CWD transmission to humans already occurred (Aim 3)? The ultimate goals are to define the ..

..Infection begins by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with EHEC, often from contact with cattle feces, the primary reservoir of the organism. The extremely infectious dose required for disease, ca...

..Infection begins by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with EHEC, often from contact with cattle feces, the primary reservoir of the organism. The extremely infectious dose required for disease, ca...

..geographic spread of CWD positive animals and evidence that Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, the TSE affecting cattle, has zoonotic potential...

..blood feeders and the vectors in Africa of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in people and 'nagana' in cattle. More than 60 million people are at risk from human sleeping sickness and severe epidemics occur in many parts of ..

..of TSEs include kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in mink, and scrapie in ..

..such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. These disorders are characterized by the conversion of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrPc) into an ..

..be transmitted to humans directly (Aim 1)? Can CWD be transmitted to humans after passage through secondary hosts (cattle or sheep) (Aim 2)? Has CWD transmission to humans already occurred (Aim 3)? The ultimate goals are to define the ..

..There are certain strains of dangerous E. coli bacteria that can infect crops or cattle, and can be transmitted through our food distribution system to thousands of households...

..Such models are typically domestic animals such as dogs, cats, horses, and cattle, in which similar diseases occur naturally...

..The IFN-t are Type 1 interferons that are expressed and secreted by the embryos of cattle and sheep during early pregnancy and while their precise physiological role remains unclear, there is mounting ..

..b>Cattle provide an ideal animal model for studying the complex events of the periovulatory period...

..that cause African sleeping sickness in humans while Trypanosoma brucei brucei causes a wasting disease in cattle called Nagana...

..by applicant): Salmonella contamination of food products, caused by Salmonella enterica, which infects humans, cattle, and poultry, is a serious public health problem, resulting in product recalls and illness...

..There are certain strains of dangerous E. coli bacteria that can infect crops or cattle, and can be transmitted through our food distribution system to thousands of households...

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Ticks are significant vectors of disease to cattle and humans...

..Familial Insomnia, and kuru (humans), scrapie (sheep), chronic wasting disease (elk, deer), and mad cow disease (cattle)...

..Transplacental transmission of neospora caninum results in abortions, stillbirths, and congenital infection in cattle and dogs. This apicomplexan parasite is similar to Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium sp...

..To date, no vaccines have been approved for use in humans. Vaccination of domestic cattle with B...

..g., cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, fish) as biomedical models, programmatic officials at NIH and USDA, and university ..

..effective in vitro and in mouse models, we will scale up production in cell culture and by creation of transgenic cattle that express the monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins in their milk and test anti-cryptosporidial efficacy in ..

..Unlike its predecessors, v2RVFH expresses high levels of the glycoproteins and provides cattle with long-term sterilizing immunity...

..M. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of Johne's disease, chronic granulomatous enteritis in cattle and other ruminants, and has been implicated as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans...

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) affect a wide range of species including sheep,cattle, mink, humans, deer, elk and others...

..Examples include Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and kuru in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and chronic wasting diseases in elk and deer...

..is to produce tetraploid embryos for aggregation with nuclear transfer embryos for the production of transgenic cattle and goats...

..Therefore, our short-term goal is to determine if the use of ceftiofur in sick cattle has resulted in resistant zoonotic salmonellosis in people...

..outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Chronic Wasting disease and the transmission of the disease from cattle to humans have risen a great concern about a possible epidemic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease...

..outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Chronic Wasting disease and the transmission of the disease from cattle to humans have risen a great concern about a possible epidemic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease...

..A vaccine would be extremely useful in future eradication programs by reducing infection in cattle, sheep and humans, and reducing the social, economic, and environmental impact of the disease. ..

..In addition, breakthrough isolates in vaccinated cattle express allelic variants of MSA-1, suggesting selection of MSA-1 variants under immune pressure...

..Neither swainsonine nor changes in alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the serum of the lambs and calves nursing the ewes and cows dosed with swainsonine...

..There was a positive impact of bST on fertility of cyclic cows inseminated at fixed time or at detected estrus, but effective resynchronization protocols are needed to optimize reinsemination of non-pregnant bST-treated cows...

..Infection might have been present endemically within this herd prior to the epidemic, but in 1997 an additional factor appeared to have triggered the outbreak...

..7; 95% confidence interval=1.3 to 6.0). Foot warts were not associated with decreased survival in this analysis. Lameness was never associated with increased survival in any of the models...

..TRAP levels differed slightly between group A (< or =4 yrs) and B (5 yrs< or =) at the same stage of lactation. The activity levels rose slightly at the height of lactation stage and during the dry stage...

..ostertagi antibody is a potentially useful technique to measure parasite exposure in adult dairy cows and that parasite burdens in lactating cattle in PEI have an important impact on milk production.

..3 mmol/litre. The ketotic cows had a significantly longer calving-to-conception interval and a significantly higher culling rate due to a failure to conceive (P<0.05)...

..The results indicated that cows with a high milk production and superior breeding values for milk performance were not exposed to an increased risk for DA...

..In third and older parities, a significant effect of the quadratic term of stOD indicated exponentially increased losses with increased ODs...

..Incidences of mastitis, claw and feet problems, hypocalcemia/downer cow syndrome, ovarian cysts and abortions were similar in HC and CC cows, but there were more indigestion problems in HC than in CC cows...

..Trials reporting the results as total 305-day milk production had lower response compared with trials which measured production as daily milk weight. Primiparous cows trials had lower responses compared with multiparous cows trials...

..Monitoring of dairy herds for SRA should be performed routinely and employ several diagnostic tools (rumenocentesis, renal NABE determination) as well as specific knowledge of herd management and feeding routines...

..Within 9 d, all animals recovered from the incident and milk production returned to previous levels...

..The method, for the first time, applies phage display technology to microbial diagnostics and has potential value as a completely standardizable tool for the routine M. paratuberculosis screening of bulk milk samples at acceptable costs...

..4 pH liquid feed ingredient. A combination of acid neutralizing agents (calcium hydroxide plus sodium carbonate) alleviated the toxic effects of the feed ingredient...

..87) than in the three cows that did not develop clinical signs of a displaced abomasum. There were no significant differences in these variables between the floaters and the healthy cows...

..9% of organic herds. Antibiotics to treat mastitis were used on 79.8% of conventional herds but on none of the organic herds. Most organic farms were in compliance with standards in advance of implementation of regulations...

..This study indicates that monensin altered total tract nutrient digestion by increasing fiber digestion at postruminal sites...

..Blood and milk parameters do not indicate any adverse effects of feeding this natural compound...

..The mechanisms and interactions involved in zeolite supplementation are discussed in relation to the observed improvement in parturient calcium homeostasis and to the observed depression in blood magnesium and inorganic phosphate...

..A difference of 0.10 in NR45 was observed between THI lower than 70 and THI 84. This variation in NR45 caused by THI changes is sufficient to merit further studies to examine genetic components of heat tolerance for this trait...

..010). In the treated cattle, there was an increase in solids-corrected milk yield compared with the control cattle, which was significant (P &..

..When heat stress increased the rectal temperature in Jersey cows by 0.70 degrees C, the pH decreased (p<0.01) from 7.42 to 7.34. However, even with this decrease 0.08 the pH is still within the lower physiological limit of 7.31...

..Providing 115% of calculated methionine requirements had no significant impact on the development of hoof horn hemorrhages...

..In conclusion, thyroid hormones may play an important role in resumption of ovarian cyclicity p.p., and a good energy status enhances the chance of conception at first service and shortens DO...

..5 yr, but not in younger multiparous cows. Our results document that subcutaneous injections of glucagon have the potential to decrease the degree of fatty liver in older dairy cows in early lactation...

Three studies were conducted to investigate the transmission of Neospora caninum between cattle by the oral route...

..CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Benefits of rumen transfaunation of cows after surgical correction of LDA included a lesser degree of ketonuria, greater feed intake, and higher milk yield, compared with nontransfaunated cows...

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..animal production measures, and evaluate potential risk factors for shedding of Salmonella organisms among cattle in dairy herds. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 5 Ohio dairy herds...

..Increased milk SCC in transported cattle might be due to these phenomena, and severe physiological stress may bring about an increase in SCC in milk.

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..Therefore metabolic differences in prepubertal calves were later reflected by altered reproductive function during the first lactation...

..Feces, blood and pooled quarter milk from 1493 lactating cattle on 29 herds were analyzed. Bulk tank milk (n = 29 bulk tanks) samples were also examined...

..related to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection at the individual animal level in dairy cattle. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. ANIMALS: 7,879 dairy cows from 38 herds in 16 states...

..585 +/- 0.470. For rightsided abomasal displacement, additive genetic correlations were of similar size but with reversed signs. The estimates obtained for the residual correlations were negligibly small throughout...

..The regular genetic correlation between NR90 and milk yield was -0.41. Genetic correlation between heat tolerance for NR90 and heat tolerance for milk yield was -0.04, indicating the need to separate selection...

..13 for clinical mastitis and 0.39 for diseases other than mastitis. These findings suggest that, dairy character should be given a negative rather than a positive weight in the breeding goal...

..ODR follow the same pattern as the IgG variation across lactation and could be adjusted in order to compare ODR values obtained from high producing cows with those obtained from low producing animals...

..Our findings also demonstrate that surgical correction further slows the emptying rate in cows with LDA...

..The extent of embryonic loss was greater (P<0.05) in cows that lost body condition between days 28 and 56 of gestation compared with cows than either maintained or improved in body condition...

..01) higher than that in the northeast. It was concluded that bulk milk antibody testing can be used to identify N. caninum-infected herds and that N. caninum is a common infection in dairy herds in Thailand...

..The locomotion scoring system used in this study may be a useful management tool that veterinarians and dairy farmers could adopt for early detection of lameness in dairy cows...

..CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shedding of organisms was inconsistent in dairy cows with intramammary mycoplasma infection, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis if multiple milk samples are not tested...

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..Lame cows with claw lesions or papillomatous digital dermatitis produced less milk than healthy cows, but the difference was not significant...

Epidemiologic investigations of Salmonella infections in dairy cattle often rely on testing fecal samples from individual animals or samples from other farm sources to determine herd infection status...

Paratuberculosis (Ptbc) has a high prevalence in Argentina, that affects dairy and beef cattle. The culture is the gold standard to the diagnosis of the disease. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M...

..Recent advances in the chemical, physical, and information sciences and technologies will be utilized to gain greater understanding of the increasingly complex food systems and to support the consumer objectives...

..The analytical methods used to evaluate repeatability provided a practical way to select among normalization procedures...

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..Reductions in the incidence of clinical mastitis were not accompanied by any clear changes in the prevalence of high MSCCs...

..It is therefore imperative to develop on-farm and preharvest pathogen reduction programs to control the carriage of E. coli O157:H7 pathogens...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential of PCR on blood and milk to detect cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis...